VHL
Supresor Von Hippel–Lindauovog tumora znan i kao pVHL jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom VHL sa hromosoma 3. Mutacije VHL gena povezuju se sa Von Hippel-Lindauovom bolešću.[5]
Aminokiselinska sekvenca
[uredi | uredi izvor]Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 213 aminokiselina, а molekulska težina 24.153 Da.[6]
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPRRAENWDE | AEVGAEEAGV | EEYGPEEDGG | EESGAEESGP | EESGPEELGA | ||||
EEEMEAGRPR | PVLRSVNSRE | PSQVIFCNRS | PRVVLPVWLN | FDGEPQPYPT | ||||
LPPGTGRRIH | SYRGHLWLFR | DAGTHDGLLV | NQTELFVPSL | NVDGQPIFAN | ||||
ITLPVYTLKE | RCLQVVRSLV | KPENYRRLDI | VRSLYEDLED | HPNVQKDLER | ||||
LTQERIAHQR | MGD |
Funkcija
[uredi | uredi izvor]Protein kodiran VHL genom je komponenta za prepoznavanje supstrata proteinskog kompleksa koji uključuje elongin B, elongin C i kulin-2 i posjeduje E3 ubikvitin-ligaznu aktivnost. Ovaj kompleks uključen je u ubikvitinaciju i kasniju degradaciju hipoksija-inducibilnih faktora (HIFs), koji su faktori transkripcije sa centralnom ulogom u regulaciji ekspresije gena. kao odgovor na promjenjive nivoe kisika. Podjedinica [[RNK-polimeraza II|RNK-polimeraze II POLR2G/RPB7 također je navodna meta ovog proteina. Uočene su alternativno prerađene varijante transkripta koje kodiraju različite izoforme.[7]
Dobijeni protein se proizvodi u dva oblika, protein od 18 kDa i protein od 30 kDa koji funkcioniše kao tumorski supresor. Smatra se da je glavno djelovanje VHL proteina njegova E3 ubikvitin ligazna aktivnost koja rezultira time da su specifični ciljni proteini 'označeni' za razgradnju.
Najistraženiji od ovih ciljeva je faktor induciran hipoksijom 1a (HIF1a), transkripcijski faktor koji inducira ekspresiju brojnih faktora povezanih sa angiogenezom.[8]
Pored interakcije sa HIF, VHL protein se takođe može povezati sa tubulinom.[9] Tada je sposoban stabilizirati i tako produžiti mikrotubule. Ova funkcija ima ključnu ulogu u stabilizaciji vretena tokom mitoze. Delecija VHL uzrokuje drastičan porast dezorijentisanih i rotirajućih vretena tokom mitoze. Preko još nepoznatog mehanizma, VHL također povećava koncentraciju MAD2, važnog proteina kontrolne tačke vretena. Tako gubitak VHL-a dovodi do oslabljene kontrolne tačke i posljedično do pogrešne segregacije hromozoma i aneuploidija.
Klinički značaj
[uredi | uredi izvor]Von Hippel-Lindauov sindrom (VHL) je dominantno nasljedni sindrom raka koji predisponira niz malignih i benignih tumora oka, mozga, kičmene moždine, bubrega, pankreasa i nadbubrežnih žlijezda. Mutacija zametne linije ovog gena je osnova porodičnog nasljeđivanja VHL sindroma. Osobe s VHL sindromom nasljeđuju jednu mutaciju u VHL proteinu koja uzrokuje gubitak ili promjenu normalne funkcije proteina. S vremenom, sporadične mutacije u drugoj kopiji VHL proteina mogu dovesti do karcinoma, posebno hemangioblastoma koji zahvataju jetru i bubrege, bubrežnih (i vaginskih) bistroćelijskih adenokarcinoma.
Gubitak aktivnosti VHL proteina rezultira povećanom količinom HIF1a, a time i povećanim nivoima angiogenih faktora, uključujući VEGF i PDGF. Zauzvrat, to dovodi do nereguliranog rasta krvnih sudova, jednog od preduslova tumora. Osim toga, VHL je bio uključen u održavanje diferenciranog fenotipa u bubrežnim čelijama. Nadalje, eksperimenti kulture ćelija sa VHL –/– ćelijama su pokazali da dodatak pVHL može inducirati mezenhimski u epitelni prijelaz. Ovi dokazi sugeriraju da VHL ima centralnu ulogu u održavanju diferenciranog fenotipa u ćeliji.
Dodatno, pVHL je važan za formiranje vanćelijskog matriksa.[10] Ovaj protein također može biti važan u inhibiciji matriksnih metaloproteinaza. Ove akcije su izuzetno važne u metastazama ćelijama sa nedostatkom VHL-a. U klasičnoj VHL bolesti čini se da je jedan alel divljeg tipa u VHL dovoljan za održavanje normalne kardioplućne funkcije.[11]
Interakcije
[uredi | uredi izvor]Pokazalo se da supresor Von Hippel-Lindauovog tumora ima reakcije sa:
Također pogledajte
[uredi | uredi izvor]Reference
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- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033933 - Ensembl, maj 2017
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- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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Dopunska literatura
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