Nulu Kinabalu
Gunung Kinabalu Nulu Nabalu, Aki Nabalu ݢونوڠ کينبالو | |
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Titik bobos akawas | |
Kinawas | 4,095 m (13,435 ft) |
Prominence | 4,095 m (13,435 ft) |
Isolation | 2,513 km (1,562 mi) |
Listing | |
Geografi | |
Lokasi | Sabah, Borneo |
Parent range | Banjaran Crocker |
Takadon | |
First ascent | 1858 oleh H. Low dan S. St. John |
Wayaan bobos ouhan | Mendaki |
Nulu Kinabalu (Boros Dusun: Gayo Ngaran toi ko' Nulu Nabalu) nopo nga iso nulu pluton i poinladsong id Kundasang, Ranau, Boogian Pantai Kotonobon id pogun Sabah, Malaysia. Timpak nopo do nulu diti nga okon ko bobos akawas id Malaysia no nga bobos nogi takawas id Pulou Borneo miampai kinawas 4095 meter mantad tipong rahat;[1] nulu Kinabalu nogi nga nulu ko-29 di bobos takawas id Kabaatan Kosilahon Asia.
Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga iso lambang kagayaan kumaa monikid mogigion id Sabah. Piipiro mogigion otumbayaan do Nulu Kinabalu diti nopo nga nuluhon di kaanu manahak sunduan minggisom om mogiiso kumaa mogigion do Sabah. Popoopi o Nulu Kinabalu diti do ogumu tangon om susuyan di andasan sabaagi osundu kumaa tinaru Dusun songkinoyonon, otumbayaan yolo do Nulu Nabalu diti nopo nga kinoyonon montok sunduan diolo kalapas do apatai. [2][3][4]
Pomungaranan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Tadon do hogot "Kinabalu" nopo nga mantad piomungan do boros Kadazandusun Aki Nabalu i manahak rati do aki nopo nga komolohingan om nabalu nopo nga "nuluhon" i osiliu kumaa "nulu komolohingan" toi ko nulu ulion do sunduan tina don gulu-gulu montok tinaru Kadazandusun.[minog do kisukuon]
Tumanud do lagenda tinaru Kadazandusun, dewa bobos takawas nopo nga minomonsoi do pomogunan om nogi Nulu Kinabalu, nokotimpuun mantad do mitos naga i mantamong do kotos butia. Katapatan do tangon diti nopo nga oroso soira koongoi id timpak-timpak bobos takawas id Nulu Kinabalu, lobi-lobi no soira pakadaada o posorili miampai iklim di osagub, kopokitanan tawan i mamanau opian om nogi sougi tongus di ologod.
Pombontukan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Nakaasil o Nulu Kinabalu mantad pinirubaan do litosfera Rahat China Kabaatan om litosfera i mombontuk do kopulauan Borneo. Litosfera nopo nga boogian bobos akawas id sakai do kerak pomogunan. Maya pinirubaan diti, litosfera Rahat Cina Kabaatan nopo nga nakasaalom id siriba do rabas pomogunanan i manahak do panatalan kumaa litosfera i mombontuk do Kepulauan Borneo.
Panatalan diti minonurung do bongkah Nulu Kinabalu id siriba do rabas pomogunan, mininsawat id sawat do rabas pomogunan . Ponurungan diti papasabap do Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga mingkawas monikid toun, nga miampai kadar di orulan (5mm) om apagon do intangan momoguno mato.[5]
Kinawas mantad do Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga lobi akawas, id pialatan do limo gisom walu kilometer (km) mantad kinawas do dinondo.[6] Nga, hakisan solinaid lobi sonriong toun papasabap do paras Nulu Kinabalu di baino nopo nga 4,095 meter po om kipotensi do mingkuri. Pornyataan diti nookunan tu di toun 1997, pinoindalan o iso pongintangan kawagu maya teknologi satelit i mangakun do kinawas timpak bobos takawas id Nulu Kiinabalu (Timpak Low) id kinawas 4,095 metres (13,435 ft) (13,435 ka) id sawat tipong do rahat, noingkurian 6 metres (20 ft) (29 gakod) mantad nunu i poinsuat id suang do terbitan angka hitherto i minonuat do kinawas Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga 4,101 metres (13,455 ft) (13,455 ka).[7]
Nulu Kinabalu nopo diti nga nokorikud sabagaai haro turu timpak bobos takawas i otutunan sabaagi do:
- Timpak Low (Low's Peak; 4095.2 m)
- Timpak St. John (St. John's Peak; 4090.7 m)
- Timpak Oyayubi Iwu/Puncak Victoria (Oyayubi Iwu Peak; 3975.8 m)
- Timpak Kakak Buruk (Ugly Sister Peak)
- Timpak Raja Edward (King Edward Peak)
- Timpak Telinga Keldai/puncak Ratu Alexandra (Donkey Ears Peak/Queen Alexandra peak)
Kowoowoyoon fizikal
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Geologi
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Rabas sandad Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga watu-watu sedimen i pointoguang kumaa hakisan solinaid walu gisom 12 riong toun. Pointilombus o hakisan diti om nakaanu pinopoimbulai do watu pluton di lobi asangal.
Koinsanai timpak bobos takawas id pomogunan nopo nga nolikupan do ais takapal id timpu kuartener toi ko' timpu ais watu i nokoindalan okuri mantad ko' sonriong toun di pogulu po, kohompit no Nulu Kinabalu i maamaso dii nopo nga miagal kinawas miampai nulu-nulu suai id Banjaran Himalaya. Id timpu dii, timpak Kinabalu nopo nga nolikupan do ais om nokoindalan o pamanahan glasier. Bagas mantad pamanahan glasier diti nopo nga okito id Pinausok Gravel, iso kinoyonon id pialatan do Kundasang om Ranau.
Iklim
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Suhu Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga koubasan mantad do -4 °C gisom 8 °C antakan wulan Momuhau gisom Milatok, om 3 °C gisom 12 °C antakan wulan Mahas gisom wulan Manom. Gama do sinogit id wulan Momuhau gisom Milatok, haro kinantakan do koimbulai salji om ais id timpak Nulu Kinabalu.[8][9] Nga kinantakan diti insan no nosuat di kolimpupuson abad ko-20.[10](Milo ruhangan i wagu)
Kogoutanan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga haro o talun dipterokarp nulu , talun dipterokarp sokid, talun montane om talun ericaceous toi ko' talun nulu.
Sajara piromutan miampai tongotulun
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Id kotimpuunon, ababayan momuka om tumakad do Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga iso ababayan i pogoduhan do tulun Kadasandusun. Ahal diti nopo nga montok monilag sunduan komolohingan diolo do tumogod om mangasou do mogigion om nogi tutumakad. (perlu rujukan) Hali pia miagal di, antakan di Gomot toun 1851, songulun Gabenor British id Labuan, i Hugh Low pinopotimpuun do ekspedisi tumakad do Nulu Kinabalu miampai angkab do mingkompromi miampai toinsanan mogigion do popolubuk montok popotoronong do sunduan komolohingan diolo. Tinumakad isio do nulu dii miampai songulun monunuduk wayaan mantad tinaru Dusun mantad Kampung Kiau i kingaran do i Lemaing - au yolo nokorikot id timpak gama do "au yolo kaanu rumikot id timpak suai ko' tayam kitalad" (inaccessible to any but winged animals).[11] Minumbal kawagu i Low insan po kaagu miampai di Konsul Brunei, i Spenser St. John di toun 1858.[7][12][13]
John Whitehead nopo nga tulun kumoiso i nokorikot id timpak do nulu. Isio nopo nga songulun zoologi British di toun 1888, Lilian Gibbs nopo nga tondu kumoiso di nokorikot id timpak nulu diti di Mansak 1910.[7] Lilian Gibbs pula wanita pertama menawan puncak ini pada Februari 1910.[7]
Taman Negara Kinabalu pinohimagon di toun 1964 kalapas do nokohimagon o persekutuan Malaysia, taman pogun diti nopo nga nosiliu do Tapak Warisan Dunia di toun 2000.[14]
Kinaantakan ginumogor pomogunan id Sabah di toun 2015
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- Rencana oponsol: Ginumogor Pogun Sabah 2015
Ontok di toun 2015, ginumogor pomogunan miampai ponipangan 6.0 skala richter id posorili do Ranau, Sabah miinsomok do Nulu Kinabalu di jaam 7.15 kosuabon, antakan tadau Kurudu, 5 Mahas 2015. longkod Gumogor Pomogunan om Tsunami Nasional nopo nga pinapalapur do oroso o gogor diti id kogumuan kinoyonon id Sabah kohompit no Tambunan, Tuaran, id Pedalaman, Kota Kinabalu, Kota belud, Inanam, Kota Marudu, Kudat, Likas, Penampang, Putatan, Kinarut, Papar, Beaufort, Keningau, Sandakan, Kunak, Tawau, Labuan, Lawas, Limbang, Miri om Bandar Seri Bengawan id Brunei. Kalapas do kinanaantakan diti, oduhan tutumombului id siriba 14 toun do tumakad tu' kogumuan do tulun di nootungan do watu mantad Timpak Tolingo Keldai nopo nga mantad Singapura om yolo nopo nga tangaanak i tinumanud do tombului miampai minsingilo do hilo.[15] Kinoyonon diti nopo nga id 6.1 Kabaatan, 116.6 Kotonobon. Ginumogor di koinduo nopo nga lobi opian om soginumu 47 miampai 2.2 gisom 3.3 skala richter.[16]
Kotumbayaan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Miagal do hinggo-hinggo nulu takawas id pointongkop pogun, Nulu Kinabalu nogi nga au kotongkiad mantad tangon-tangon mistik om lagenda di olumis. Tinaru Kadazandusun i poingion id posorili do Kundasang om Ranau id Sabah minamarait do yolo nopo nga mantatamong om mongumolig do Nulu Kinabalu mantad po di laid. Otumbayaan yolo do tana posorili, talun, waig om Nulu Kinabalu sabaagi kinoyonon di tosundu om nuru do piaraon kasari. Otumbayaan nogi yolo do sunduan komolohingan di nangapatai no nopo nga hilo om poingundorong no id Nulu Kinabalu om posorili dau. Tutumakad nopo nga sunudan montok mantamong do kowoowoyoon diolo maamaso tumakad, mantamong do pakayon diolo, au minggangau, au minlohou do ngaran tulun, au mintogod toi ko' mongirak di mindala-dala.[minog do kisukuon]
Tumakad miampai kowoowoyoon di aauk om mongkorobibi nopo nga oduhan kopio tu kaanu popoimbulai do koligaganan. Nulu Kinabalu nopo nga kistruktur watu di otidong, kiluang om kotompisalon. Tali tumakad nogi nga nuru gunaon solinaid tumakad montok mongilag do aratu id gaung, i ogumu id timpak do Nulu Kinabalu.[minog do kisukuon]
Id sawat do Nulu Kinabalu nogi nga haro ogumu torobong om nungkudan waig sandad. Otumbayaan o tinaru Kadazandusun do hiri no poponsuon do sunduan komolohingan diolo. Hiri nogi kinoyonon do piipiro Bobohizan do momolihung tinan diolo montok mongidu korutumon. Baino, nungkudan waig nopo dii nga nosiliu sabaagi torobong lansanon (wishing well) montok di tutumakad do Nulu Kinabalu. Piipiro tutumakad nopo nga oubas do papataam tusin taparak id torobong lansanon dii sabaagi iso ralan do mamagatang do sunduan komolohingan tinaru Kadazandusun moi do au mangasou diolo maamaso tumakad om lumintuhun.[minog do kisukuon]
Sunudan nogi o tutumakad montok au sumobu toi ko' tumai id nungkudan waig tu' iri nopo nga au osonong kokitanan montok tulun songkinoyonon om nogi popoimbulai katagadan do "mogigion suai" i poingion do hilo, i au okito momoguno do mato toomod.[minog do kisukuon]
Galeri
[simbanai | simbanai toud]-
Kopokitanan mantad Kinabalu
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Kopokitanan mantad sakai tawan kumaa kotonobon Sabah.
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Kopokitanan kumaa sawat, haro pombontukan [[tawan]] i okito miampai otolinahas maamaso tumakad.
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Kopokitanan Nulu Kinabalu mantad Pekan Nabalu.
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Nulu Kinabalu miampai kopokitanan stesen TELEKOM
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Kopokitanan id siriba mantad plat id timpak do Nulu Gunung Kinabalu
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Kopokitanan mantad plat Nulu Kinabalu kalapas nokosuku o tadau
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Kopokitanan Nulu Kinabalu mantad Walai Tuundorongon Laban Rata.
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Kopokitanan ralan id pialatan do Kota Kinabalu om Sandakan
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Kopokitanan Nulu Kinabalu mantad Tanjung Aru
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Kopokitanan tawan mantad timpak Gunung Kinabalu
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Nulu Kinabalu maamaso tumonob o tadau mantad Mengkabong.
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Nulu Kinabalu maamaso timpu dongosuab id Tuaran, Sabah
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Nulu Kinabalu om tawan
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Nulu Kinabalu.
Sukuon
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- ↑ "Maklumat tentang Gunung Kinabalu". Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2009-02-22. Linoyog ontok 2009-02-13.
- ↑ "The Etymology of Mount Kinabalu".
- ↑ "Mount Kinabalu is 'our temple and purgatory'".
- ↑ "Studies in Religion, Folk-Lore, and Custom in British North Borneo and the Malay Peninsula". p. 168.
- ↑ "Geology of Kinabalu". Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2007-11-20. Linoyog ontok 2007-07-30.
- ↑ MALAYSIA’ FIRST WORLD HERITAGE SITE NEAR KOTA KINABALU, SABAH
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Phillipps, A. & F. Liew 2000. Globetrotter Visitor's Guide – Kinabalu Park. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd.
- ↑ "Did it snow on the summit of Mount Kinabalu?". The Star. 25 January 2014. Linoyog ontok 19 June 2017.
- ↑ Tang Ruxyn (10 February 2017). "Ice Sheets And 'Snow' Have Formed on Mount Kinabalu!". Says.com. Linoyog ontok 19 June 2017.
- ↑ Izham (2017-02-12). "/SBH: Gunung Kinabalu pernah diselebungi salji". /SBH. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2019-01-29. Linoyog ontok 2020-01-21.
- ↑ Hiung, C. S., R. Mandalam, and C. Chin. 2004. The Hugh Low Trail: The Quest for the Historical Trail to the Summit of Kinabalu. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu.
- ↑ The Living Age By Eliakim Littell, Making of America Project, Robert S. Littell Published by Living Age Co., 1848
- ↑ The Annual Register Published by Rivingtons, 1906; Item notes: 1905
- ↑ Kinabalu Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
- ↑ Gempa bumi: Aktiviti mendaki Gunung Kinabalu dibatal
- ↑ Penduduk Sabah usah panik - MetMalaysia
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