Pergi ke kandungan

Universiti Istanbul

Coordinates: 41°00′46.93″N 28°57′49.95″E / 41.0130361°N 28.9638750°E / 41.0130361; 28.9638750
Mantad Wikipedia
Universiti Istanbul
Turkish: İstanbul Üniversitesi
Universiti Istanbul
Latin: Universitas Istanbulensis[1]
MottoTurkish: Tarihten Geleceğe Bilim Köprüsü
Motto id  Boros Kadazandusun
Sunsuyon Sains mantad Timpu Nakatalib kumaa Timpu Dumontol
KawoUniversiti awam
Universiti ponoriukan
Pinoturidong ontok1453 (Medâris-i Semâniye ve Fâtih Dârüşşifâsı)
1846 (Dârülfünûn)
1933 (University)
RektorProf. Dr. Osman Bülent Zülfikar
Staf Akademik
4,260[2]
Staf Pomuruanan
6,049[2]
Mokiikinobos64,032[2]
Siswazah45,449[2]
Ijazah/Sarjana18,583[2]
Lokasi,
41°00′46.93″N 28°57′49.95″E / 41.0130361°N 28.9638750°E / 41.0130361; 28.9638750
KampusKampus Beyazıt
Kampus Vezneciler
Kampus Avcılar
Kampus Çapa
Kampus Kadıköy
MongunguridongMehmed II
Warana  Otomou   Osilou
AffiliationsCoimbra Group
EUA
UNIMED
Websitewww.istanbul.edu.tr

  

Universiti Istanbul, ointutunan nogi sabaagi Universiti Istanbul (Boros Turki: İstanbul Üniversitesi), nopo nga iso universiti ponoriukan awam di nointutunan i poinladsong id Istanbul, Turki.

Pinoturidong di Mehmed II ontok 30 Mikat 1453, sangadau kalapas do penaklukan Konstantinopel mantad do Turki,[3] ii nopo nga nosimbanan no ontok toun 1846 sabaagi institusi ponginabasan takawas Uthmaniyyah i kumoiso tumanud do koubasanan Eropah.[4][5] Institusi i mongolon, i nokoindalan no id siriba ngaran dau mantad po 1933 nopo nga universiti kumoiso id Turki moden.[6] Piipiro toud Barat pogulu do 1930 monuku ii sabaagi do Universiti Constantinople kalapas do ngaran kakadayan pogulu dau (kada koborulong do Universiti Constantinople era Byzantine, i pinoturidong do maharaja Rom Kosilahon Theodosius II ontok 425 AD sabaagi Pandidacterium om tumanud piipiro akaun universiti kumoiso id pomogunan),[7] om iso id suang boros Perancis sumuku dii sabaagi Université de Stamboul ("Stamboul" ngaran montok do kakadayan suang dau i kisajara).[8]

Konsisten o Universiti Istanbul id taang koiso id Turki om iso mantad do 500 universiti bobos osonong id pomogunan tumanud do Kinoingkokoton Akademik Universiti Pomogunan (ARWU 2024).[9] Ontok timpu dinondo, haro soginumu 64,032 mokiikinobos sarjana muda, siswazah, om kodokuturan[10] i minsingilo id 33 unit akademik,[11] kaampai no fakulti, institut, kolej, om sikul vokasional id 10 kampus.[12] Kampus apangkal dau nopo nga poinladsong misampaping do Dataran Beyazit id Fatih, longkod kakadayan wilayah dii, ponong Eropah do kakadayan dii.

Alumni Universiti Istanbul nopo nga kaampai no 2 bontugan Nobel, Aziz Sancar (id suang gana Kimia) om Orhan Pamuk (id suang gana Kosusastaraan),[13][14] Presiden Israel di bobos alaid do minomuruan, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, duo Perdana Montiri Israel (David Ben-Gurion om Moshe Sharett), Presiden Turki Abdullah Gül, onom Perdana Montiri Turki (Suat Hayri Ürgüplü, Sadi Irmak, Nihat Erim, Refik Saydam, Naim Talu, Yıldırım Akbulut), om Datuk Bandar Istanbul dinondo, Ekrem İmamoğlu.

Susuangon kumaa Universiti Istanbul, 1950-an

Nontodonon do Universiti Istanbul koguli kumaa toun 1453,[15][16] soira pinoturidong di Sultan Uthmaniyyah Mehmed II "sabaagi sikul falsafah, porubatan, undang-undang om porsuratan".[15] Haro nogi Universiti Constantinople era Byzantine, i pinoturidong do maharaja Rom Kosilahon Theodosius II ontok 425 AD sabaagi do Pandidacterium (pinungaranan kawagu ii sabaagi Kolej Ortodoks Yunani Phanar kalapas do Kinorotuon Constantinople ontok 1453). Kiguno o Universiti Istanbul sabaagi do Medrese (sikul teologi Islam) om Madrasah diti nga sabaagi i minogulu kumaa Darülfünûn (institut teknikal toi ko' universiti. Maya literal: House of Natural Sciences). i nokoburu suminiliu do Universiti Istanbul ontok toun 1933.[17] Nokotounda o pondidikan id suang piipiro gana sains om gana miagal do porubatan, matematik, astronomi, kartografi, geografi, sajara, falsafah, ugama, kosusastaraan, filologi, undang-undang, dll., om gisom abad ko-19, yolo nopo nga kitonggungan toponsol do mongia' kader pomorinta' ginumuan Uthmaniyyah. Sundung ingkaa, soira au no kaanu o medrese do momogonop koobian pomogunan moden, haro dii o proses penstrukturan kawagu om asil dau nopo nga, pinoturidong o ponginabasan takawas i lohowon do Darülfünûn.

Pinaharo o iso institusi ponginabasan takawas i pinungaranan do Darülfünûn-u Osmanî (Institut Politeknik Uthamniyyah) ontok toun 1863 nga pinotingkod ontok toun 1871.[17] Rektor kumoiso dau i Hasan Tahsini nopo nga songulun mantad do ulama Uthmaniyyah i bobos oponsol ontok abad ko-19. Ontok toun 1874, minonimpuun o Institut Politeknik Imperial (Darülfünûn-u Sultanî) (Ottoman Turkish: دار الفنون سلطاني) do kalas id suang gana do undang-undang id boros Perancis, nga pinotingkod ontok toun 1881.[17]

Pinoturidong kawagu o Universiti Imperial, dinondo ointutunan sabaagi Darülfünûn-u Şahâne ontok toun 1900, miampai jabatan teologi, inus, matematik, sains, om filologi.[17] Ontok toun 1924, pinoturidong o fakulti undang-undang, porubatan, inus om sains id Universiti Istanbul (İstanbul Darülfünûnu), tumanud do poingkuro pamalahawan do universiti dii dinondo.[17] Pinoruhang o teologi Islam ontok toun 1925, nga ontok toun 1933 noulud kawagu o universiti dii miampai aiso i tohuri.[17]

Susuangon apangkal do Universiti Istanbul id Dtaran Beyazıt, i ointutunan sabaagi do Forum Tauri (sumusuhut Forum Theodosius) ontok timpu Rom kuno. Manara Beyazıt, i poinladsong id suang kampus, okito id dolikud, ponong wanan do torigi bondira.
Totobon lambangan monumental Universiti Istanbul i poinkilong id likud do tusin karatas 500 lira (1971-1984)

Kursus Fizik Gunoon moden i kumoiso pinatahak id Darülfünûn ontok 31 Momuhau 1863 i mananda' do kotimpuunon timpu wagu, om ontok 20 Mansak 1870, pinungaranan kawagu o sikul dii sabaagi Darülfünûn-u Osmanî (Walai Sains Uthmaniyyah) om noulud kawagu montok momogonop koobian sains om teknologi moden. Kotimpuun do toun 1874, pinatahak o piipiro kalas Sastara, Undang-undang om Sains Gunoon id bongunan Sikul Takawas Galatasaray, i pointilombus gisom toun 1881. Ontok 1 Manom 1900, pinungaranan kawagu om noulud kawagu o sikul dii sabaagi Darülfünûn-u Şahâne (Institut Politeknik Diraja) miampai kursus Matematik, Sastara om Teologi. Ontok 20 Ngiop 1912, pinungaranan kawagu o sikul diti sabaagi İstanbul Darülfünûnu (Institut Politeknik Istanbul) om noruhangan nogi o ginumu kursus om pinomoden miampai ponuridangan do Sikul Porubatan, Undang-undang, Sains gunoon (Fizik, Kimia, Matematik), Sastara om Teologi.

Ontok 21 Ngiop 1924, nookunan do Republik Turki o İstanbul Darülfünûnu sabaagi sikul pogun, om ontok 7 Gumas 1925, nookunan o autonomi puruan İstanbul Darülfünûnu om Sikul-sikul (id suang sistem Medrese di laid) nokosiliu Fakulti moden. Darülfünûnu nopo nga haro limo fakulti: porubatan, undang-undang, porsuratan, teologi om sains.[18] Profesor Darülfünûnu nopo nga haro kosinggawaan akademik miagal di narait id suang Ahal 2 Undang-undang 493.[19]

Ontok 1 Magus 1933, noulud kawagu o İstanbul Darülfünûnu sabaagi İstanbul Üniversitesi (Universiti Istanbul)[20] suminuhut do ponginwoguan pondidikan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Nokotimpuun do rasmi o kalas ontok 1 Milau 1933.

Pointimporon o Rom kuno om gulu do Byzantine id kampus Universiti Istanbul misampaping do Manara Beyazıt.
Boogian suang do bongunan apangkal

Universiti diti haro hopod om turu fakulti id limo kampus; kampus apangkal nopo nga poinladsong id Dataran Beyazıt, i timpuunon nopo nga winonsoi di Constantine the Great sabaagi do Forum Tauri om sumusuhut pinagayo di Theodosius the Great sabaagi Forum Theodosius ontok timpu Rom.

Bongunan kampus apangkal miampai totobon mercu tanda dau di pogulu nopo nga ginuno sabaagi longkod upis Harbiye Nezareti (Komontirian Sangod) do karajaan Uthmaniyyah. Poinladsong id natad nopo nga Manara Beyazıt, iso manara mongingintong tapui 85 m (279 ka) i akawas. Natad dii nopo di pogulu nga kinoyonon do Eski Saray era Uthmaniyyah (Istana Laid). Piipiro tinuhan Rom om Byzantine kakal po okito id kinoyonon dii.

Universiti diti haro monunuduk soginumu 2,000 profesor om tambalut pakaraja om 4,000 mongunguhup om surupu di lobi omulok. Lobi do 60,000 mokiikinobos prasiswazah om 8,000 mokiikinobos pascasiswazah i tumanud do kursus di patahakon do Universiti Istanbul tikid toun.

Totobon apangkal pinointalang id boogian dolikud do tusin karatas 500 lira Turki toun 1971-1984.[21]

Perspektif om kinoingkokoton sompomogunan

[simbanai | simbanai toud]

Sikul Pomutaranan Universiti Istanbul nopo nga iso-iso no kopio o Sikul Pomutaranan Kitauliah AACSB id tanga' do universiti awam id Turki.[22]

Id suang QS World University Rankings 2024, Universiti Istanbul nopo nga id taang 711-720 id nayatan global.[23] Id suang gana di alaab, ii nopo nga id taang ko-281 id suang "Inus om Kotulunan", ko-309 id suang "Sains om Porubatan Hayat", ko-353 id suang "Sains Sosial om Ponurupuan", ko-451-500 id suang "Sains Alam om ko-451-500 id suang "Kojurutaraan & Teknologi".[24]

Id suang Kinoingkokoton Akademik Universiti Pomogunan 2019, Universiti Istanbul nopo nga id taang ko-401-500 id pointongkop pomogunan (ko-1 id Turki). Id taang 251-300 nogi id suang "Sains Veterinar", 401-500 id suang "Porubatan Klinikal", 101-150 id suang "Pergigian & Sains Lisan", 201-300 id suang "Kojururawatan", om 301-400 id suang "Teknologi Porubatan".[25][26][27][28][29][30]   Ontok toun 2020, pinoili o Times Higher Education do universiti dii id taang 1000 tosonong id pomogunan, ko-301-400 id suang "Klinis, pra-klinikal om kolidasan", ko-401-500 id suang "Pondidikan", ko-501-600 id suang "Sains Sosial", om ko-601-800 id suang "Sains Hayat".[31]

Tumanud do Kinoingkokoton Universiti Global Bobos Osonong 2021 id suang Abar & Ruputan Pomogunan AS, Universiti Istanbul nopo nga ko-714 id pomogunan, ko-225 id suang "Pamayayakan", ko-243 id suang "Porubatan Klinikal", ko-195 id suang "Endokrinologi om Metabolisme", ko-255 id suang "Sains om Kowoyo-woyoon", ko-383 id suang "Biologi om Genetik Molekul", ko-442 id suang "Sains Susumuni om Tayam", ko-446 id suang "Biologi om Biokimia", om ko-593 id suang "Fizik".[32]

Tumanud Kinoingkokoton CWTS Leiden 2019, Universiti Istanbul nopo nga id taang ko-335 (poinggonop), ko-196 id suang "Sains Bioperubatan om Kolidasan", ko-374 id suang "Sains Koposion om Winoun", ko-669 id suang "Matematik om Sains Komputo", ko-544 id suang "Sains om Kojurutaraan Fizikal", om ko-570 id suang "Sains Sosial om Kotulunan".[33]

Tumanud Kinoingkokoton Universiti Turugan 2019, Universiti Istanbul nopo nga id taang ko-529 id pomogunan, ko-490 id suang "Kotulunan", ko-496 id suang "Sains Hayat", ko-329 id suang "Sains Porubatan", ko-556 id suang "Sains Alam", ko-506 id suang "Sains Sosial" om ko-600 id suang "Sains Teknikal".[34][35]

Balai Cerap Universiti Istanbul

Alumni di nointutunan

[simbanai | simbanai toud]
Presiden Turki
  • Abdullah Gül
Presiden poinsusuai
Speaker parlimen Turki
Perdana montiri Turki
  • Nihat Erim
  • Refik Saydam
  • Sadi Irmak
  • Suad Hayri Ürgüplü
  • Yıldırım Akbulut
Perdana montiri labus pogun
  • David Ben-Gurion, mongunguridong om perdana montiri kumoiso do Israel
  • Moshe Sharett, Perdana Montiri Israel
Montiri Turki
  • Cemil Çiçek
  • Arif Demirer
  • Mehmet Ali Şahin
Surupu pulitik
  • Ali Tanrıyar – Bagas Montiri Suang Pogun
  • Cemil Çiçek – Bagas Speaker Parlimen
  • Coşkun Kırca – Bagas Montiri Labus Pogun
  • Ekrem İmamoğlu – Datuk Bandar Istanbul dinondo
  • Erkan Mumcu – Bagas Montiri Koubasanan om Podtuongisan/Montiri Pondidikan/Montiri Podtuongisan
  • Ertuğrul Mat – Bagas timbalan bursa
  • Hayati Yazıcı – Bagas Montiri Kastam om Pomudagangan
  • İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil – Bagas Montiri Labus Pogun
  • Kadir Topbaş – Bagas Datuk Bandar Istanbul
  • Köksal Toptan – Bagas Speaker Parlimen
  • Masud Sabri – Surupu Farmasi om bagas Gabenor wilayah Xinjiang id China
  • Meral Akşener – Luguan Parti Osonong
  • Murat Başesgioğlu – Bagas Montiri Buruh om Kotinoligan Sosial
  • Mustafa Bey Barmada – Bagas Gabenor Jeneral Pogun Aleppo
  • Naci Ağbal – Baga Montiri Kousinan
  • Nimet Bas – Bagas Montiri Pondidikan
Poporuput
  • Abdi İpekçi
  • Ahmet Şık
  • Halit Kıvanç
  • Fatih Altaylı
  • Hrant Dink
  • Metin Toker
  • Murat Belge
  • Nedim Şener
  • Uğur Dündar
Saintis
  • Ahmet Mete Işıkara
  • Alp Ikizler
  • Aykut Barka
  • Aziz Sancar, Nobel Laureate id gana Kimia
  • Cavit Orhan Tütengil
  • Engin Arık
  • Fuat Sezgin
  • Hulusi Behçet
  • Nazim Terzioglu
  • Muzafer Sherif
  • Nüzhet Gökdoğan
  • Paris Pişmiş
  • Serdar Bulun
  • Zeynel Mungan
Monunuat
  • Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar
  • Ali Kurumahmut
  • Bahadir Kaleagasi, mongungulud sompomogunan TUSIAD
  • Duygu Asena
  • Mario Levi
  • Mıgırdiç Margosyan
  • Nihal Atsiz
  • İlhan Selçuk
  • Orhan Pamuk, Nobel Laureate id gana Sastara
  • Reşat Nuri Güntekin
Penyair
  • Attila İlhan
  • Onat Kutlar
  • Orhan Veli
Surupu muzik
  • Arif Mardin
  • Bülent Ortaçgil
  • Candan Erçetin
  • Ceza
  • Mercan Dede
  • Sadettin Kaynak
  • Sagopa Kajmer
  • Teoman (susuminding)
Suusuai
  • Burcu Esmersoy – Tondu Anchor, Model
  • Cansu Dere – Mimingkono, Model
  • Cüneyt Arkın — Mimingkono, Pengarah
  • Çağatay Ulusoy – Mimingkono
  • Ayça Ayşin Turan - Mimingkono
  • Deniz Gezmiş – Aktivis pulitik
  • Metin Erksan – Pengarah Filem om Sajarawan Inus
  • Okan Yalabık – Mimingkono
  • Özgü Namal – Mimingkono, susuminding
  • Özgür Çevik – Susuminding, Mimingkono
  • Türkan Rado (1915–2007), profesor fiqh tondu Turki i kumoiso
  • Tuncel Kurtiz – Mimingkono
  1. Studia et opuscula in honorem Universitatis Istanbulensis physiologiae professoris publici ordinarii Hans Winterstein septuagenarii ab amicis collegis famulisque conscripta XXXI. Iulii A.D. MCMXXXXIX (id boros Latin). 1949.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Sayılarla İstanbul Üniversitesi". sayilarla.istanbul.edu.tr. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 16 November 2020. Linoyog ontok 26 December 2022.
  3. "Istanbul University". Encyclopædia Britannica. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 Milatok 2021. Linoyog ontok 13 Milatok 2021.
  4. Günergun, Feza; Kadıoğlu, Sevtap (2006). "İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ'NİN YERLEŞİM TARİHÇESİ ÜZERİNE NOTLAR". Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları. 1 (8): 135–163. Linoyog ontok 23 Mikat 2022.
  5. "İstanbul Üniversitesi'nin kuruluşunun 86. yıl dönümü! İstanbul Üniversitesi tarihi". haberler.com (id boros Turki). Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 14 Milau 2020. Linoyog ontok 14 Milau 2020.
  6. "Üniversitelerin kuruluş tarihleri". cnnturk.com (id boros Turki). CNN Türk. 20 Mahas 2015. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 21 Momuhau 2021. Linoyog ontok 5 Milatok 2021.
  7. Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 79.
  8. Bonafous, M (Gumas 1927). "Le suicide a Constantinople". Revue Turquie d'Anthropologie (id boros Perancis). Institut Turc d'Anthropologie. 3 (5): 22-.
  9. "Shanghai Ranking Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Linoyog ontok 2024-08-21.
  10. "Sayılarla İstanbul Üniversitesi". istanbul.edu.tr (id boros Turki). Istanbul University. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 16 Milau 2020. Linoyog ontok 14 Milau 2020.
  11. "İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ'ndeki Tüm Programlar (Alfabetik Sırada)". yokatlas.yok.gov.tr (id boros Turki). Council of Higher Education (Turkey). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 Magus 2020. Linoyog ontok 15 Milau 2020.
  12. "Yerleşim". istanbul.edu.tr (id boros Turki). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 25 Gumas 2016. Linoyog ontok 13 Milau 2020.
  13. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015". NobelPrize.org (id boros Inggeris AS). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 21 Mikat 2020. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  14. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2006". NobelPrize.org (id boros Inggeris AS). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2 July 2018. Linoyog ontok 6 April 2020.
  15. 15.0 15.1 "Istanbul University". Times Higher Education. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 21 Milau 2020. Linoyog ontok 12 Milatok 2021.
  16. "Istanbul University". Encyclopædia Britannica. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 Milatok 2021. Linoyog ontok 13 Milatok 2021."Istanbul University". Encyclopædia Britannica. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 Milatok 2021. Linoyog ontok 13 Milatok 2021.
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe.
  18. Gedlkoğlu, Tokay (1995). "Changing Models of University Government in Turkey". Minerva. 33 (2): 152. ISSN 0026-4695.
  19. Gedlkoğlu, Tokay (1995).p.152
  20. Gedlkoğlu, Tokay (1995).p.156
  21. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey "Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey". Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 15 Mahas 2009. Linoyog ontok 2008-01-05.
  22. "Find AACSB-Accredited Business Schools | AACSB". aacsb.edu. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 25 Manom 2020. Linoyog ontok 9 Ngiop 2020.
  23. "Istanbul University". Top Universities (id boros Inggeris). Linoyog ontok 2023-07-01.
  24. "Istanbul University". Top Universities (id boros Inggeris).
  25. "Istanbul University | Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2019 | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". shanghairanking.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 Milau 2020. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  26. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019 – Veterinary Sciences | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". shanghairanking.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 1 Madas 2017. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  27. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019 – Clinical Medicine | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". shanghairanking.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 16 Mikat 2021. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  28. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019 – Dentistry & Oral Sciences | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". shanghairanking.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 8 Gomot 2021. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  29. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019 – Nursing | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". shanghairanking.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 23 Ngiop 2021. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  30. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019 – Medical Technology | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". shanghairanking.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 28 Milau 2020. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  31. "Istanbul University". Times Higher Education (THE) (id boros Inggeris). 17 Mahas 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 Ngiop 2020. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  32. "US News Best Global Universities". Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 Ngiop 2020. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  33. Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. "CWTS Leiden Ranking". CWTS Leiden Ranking (id boros Inggeris). Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2 Mansak 2011. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2019.
  34. "World University Rankings". roundranking.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 25 Milatok 2018. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.
  35. "Istanbul University". roundranking.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 4 Milau 2020. Linoyog ontok 6 Ngiop 2020.