1940 Australian federal election

1940 Australian federal election
← outgoing members elected members →
All 75 seats of the House of Representatives; 38 seats were needed for a majority in the House ; 19 (of the 36) seats of the Senate
Registered	4,239,346 3.90%
Turnout	3,979,009 (94.82%); (1.31 pp)
	Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party's margin of victory.
Prime Minister before election; Robert Menzies; UAP/Country coalition	Subsequent Prime Minister ; Robert Menzies; UAP/Country coalition

The 1940 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 21 September 1940. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Coalition, consisting of the United Australia Party led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies and the Country Party led by Archie Cameron, defeated the opposition Labor Party under John Curtin despite losing the overall popular vote.

The Coalition won 36 seats, two short of a majority, but formed a government on 28 October 1940 with the support of both independent crossbenchers, Alexander Wilson and Arthur Coles. The four MPs elected to Lang Labor's successor, the Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist), officially re-joined the ALP just months after the election in February 1941, bringing the ALP to 36 seats. The UAP–Country minority government lasted only until October 1941, when the two independents crossed the floor and allowed the ALP to form a minority government with Curtin as prime minister. It remains the only time since the 1910 introduction of the two-party system where the government has changed as the result of a parliamentary confidence vote.

Future opposition leaders H.V. Evatt and Arthur Calwell both entered parliament at this election.

Background

The 15th parliament elected in the 1937 election first sat on 30 November 1937.^[1] Under the constitution, the parliament would expire in November 1940 and a general election would have to held by January 1941.^[2]^[3] Throughout 1940, there were debates on whether the general election should be held or postponed in the midst of a world war.^[4] Throughout July and August 1940, Prime Minister Robert Menzies contemplated the prospect of an early election.^[5] The loss of three Cabinet ministers in the 1940 Canberra air disaster on 13 August also meant that three by-elections would have been required, followed within a few short months by a general election.

Both the Coalition and Labor supported Australia's ongoing participation in World War II. The Coalition's advertisements asked Australians to "Cast Your Vote for Unity and an All-in War Effort / Back the Government that's Backing Churchill", with a large picture of the British Prime Minister. Labor promised "A New Deal / for the Soldier / for the Soldier's wife / Widows, the Aged and Infirm / the Taxpayer / the Working Man / the Primary Producer".^[6]

Results

House of Representatives

Australian Federal Election, 1940

House of Reps (IRV) — 1940–43—Turnout 94.82% (CV) — Informal 2.56%
Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	UAP–Country coalition		1,703,185	43.93	–4.65	36	–8
		United Australia	1,171,788	30.22	–3.49	23	–5
		Country	531,397	13.71	–1.84	13	–3
	Labor		1,556,941	40.16	−3.01	32	+3
	Labor (Non-Communist)		202,721	5.23	+5.23	4	+4
	State Labor		101,191	2.61	+2.61	0	0
	Defence Movement		15,313	0.40	+0.40	0	0
	Protestant Labor		8,300	0.21	+0.21	0	0
	Independents		289,335	7.46	+1.90	3^[c]	0
	Total		3,876,986			75
Two-party-preferred (estimated)
	UAP–Country coalition			49.70	−0.90	36	−8
	Labor			50.30	+0.90	32	+3

Notes

Independents: Arthur Coles (Henty, Vic) (see below), Alexander Wilson (Wimmera, Vic)
The Country Party in Victoria was split over membership of the Coalition, with the state party opposing its members taking office. The official United Country Party elected two members, one of whom, George Rankin, sat in the federal Country Party room and the other, Alexander Wilson, sat as an Independent. A breakaway faction, the Liberal Country Party, was formed to support sitting ministers and elected two members, John McEwen and Thomas Paterson, who both sat in the federal Country Party room.

Popular vote

Labor			40.16%
United Australia			30.22%
Country			13.71%
Lang Labor			5.23%
State Labor			2.61%
Independent/Other			8.07%

Two-party-preferred vote

Labor			50.30%
Coalition			49.70%

Parliament seats

Coalition			48.64%
Labor			43.24%
Lang Labor			5.41%
Independent			2.70%

Senate

Senate (P BV) — 1940–43—Turnout 94.75% (CV) — Informal 9.56%
		Votes	%	Swing	Seats won	Seats held	Change
UAP–Country coalition		1,831,138	50.41	+3.70	16	19	–1
	UAP–Country joint ticket	1,649,241	45.40	+16.72	10	N/A	N/A
	United Australia	181,897	5.01	–11.12	6	15	–1
	Country	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	4	0
Labor		1,363,072	37.52	–10.96	3	17	+1
Non-Communist Labor		274,861	7.57	+7.57	0	0	0
State Labor		70,091	1.93	+1.93	0	0	0
Defence Movement		9,536	0.26	+0.26	0	0	0
Independents		84,119	2.32	–1.07	0	0	0
Total		3,632,817			19	36

Notes

Of the ten senators elected on UAP–Country joint tickets, seven were UAP members and three were Country Party members.

Seats changing hands

Seat	Pre-1940				Swing	Post-1940
Seat	Party		Member	Margin	Swing	Margin	Member	Party
Barton, NSW		United Australia	Albert Lane	1.8	13.9	12.1	H. V. Evatt	Labor
Calare, NSW		Country	Harold Thorby	2.2	5.6	3.4	John Breen	Labor
Cook, NSW		Labor	Tom Sheehan	N/A	33.9	13.6	Tom Sheehan	Labor (N-C)
Dalley, NSW		Labor	Sol Rosevear	N/A	14.9	7.2	Sol Rosevear	Labor (N-C)
Denison, Tas		Labor	Gerald Mahoney	3.9	5.0	1.1	Arthur Beck	United Australia
Henty, Vic		United Australia	Henry Gullett	N/A	3.2	13.5	Arthur Coles	Independent
Lang, NSW		Labor	Dan Mulcahy	N/A	13.4	16.0	Dan Mulcahy	Labor (N-C)
Macquarie, NSW		United Australia	John Lawson	2.1	10.2	8.1	Ben Chifley	Labor
Maranoa, Qld		Country	James Hunter	4.3	5.9	1.6	Frank Baker	Labor
Riverina, NSW		Country	Horace Nock	7.2	8.8	1.6	Joe Langtry	Labor
Wakefield, SA		Labor	Sydney McHugh	6.7	10.0	3.4	Jack Duncan-Hughes	United Australia
Wannon, Vic		United Australia	Thomas Scholfield	1.3	5.0	3.7	Don McLeod	Labor
Warringah, NSW		Independent	Percy Spender	1.9	23.6	25.5	Percy Spender	United Australia
Watson, NSW		United Australia	John Jennings	3.8	5.8	2.0	Max Falstein	Labor
West Sydney, NSW		Labor	Jack Beasley	100.0	64.3	14.3	Jack Beasley	Labor (N-C)
Wilmot, Tas		Labor	Lancelot Spurr	0.2	5.2	5.0	Allan Guy	United Australia

Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

Notes

^ Turnout in contested seats
^ The Northern Territory had one seat, but members for the territories did not have full voting rights until 1966 and did not count toward government formation.
^ Including Northern Territory

References

^ "Parliament". The Canberra Times. 16 November 1937. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.
^ "War Time Elections". The Daily News. 19 August 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.
^ "Election during the war". The Daily News. 9 July 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.
^ "Federal Election Question". The Advocate. 10 July 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.
^ "A forced election". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 12 August 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.
^ Hasluck, Paul (1965). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 4 – Civil – Volume 1, The Government and the People, 1939–1941. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 256–263.

External links

University of WA Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine election results in Australia since 1890
Two-party-preferred vote since 1937

[1] Turnout in contested seats

[2] The Northern Territory had one seat, but members for the territories did not have full voting rights until 1966 and did not count toward government formation.

[9] Including Northern Territory

[3] "Parliament". The Canberra Times. 16 November 1937. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.

[4] "War Time Elections". The Daily News. 19 August 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.

[5] "Election during the war". The Daily News. 9 July 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.

[6] "Federal Election Question". The Advocate. 10 July 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.

[7] "A forced election". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 12 August 1940. Retrieved 15 October 2020 – via Trove.

[8] Hasluck, Paul (1965). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 4 – Civil – Volume 1, The Government and the People, 1939–1941. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 256–263.

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