On 24 October 1975, Icelandic women went on strike for the day to "demonstrate the indispensable work of women for Iceland's economy and society"[1] and to "protest wage discrepancy and unfair employment practices".[2] It was publicized domestically as Women's Day Off (Icelandic: Kvennafrídagurinn).[3] Participants, led by women's organizations, did not go to their paid jobs and did not do any housework or child-rearing for the whole day.[1][2] Ninety percent of Iceland's female population participated in the strike.[1] Iceland's parliament passed a law guaranteeing equal rights to women and men the following year.[1]
| 1975 Icelandic women's strike | |
|---|---|
| Women's Day Off | |
| Date | 24 October 1975 |
| Location | Iceland |
| Caused by | Gender pay gap, occupational sexism |
| Goals | To "demonstrate the indispensable work of women for Iceland's economy and society" and "protest wage discrepancy and unfair employment practices". |
| Methods | Women's strike |
History
editIcelandic women who worked outside of the home before 1975 earned less than sixty percent of what men earned.[1]
The United Nations announced that 1975 was going to be International Women's Year. A representative from a women's group called the Redstockings put forward the idea of a strike as one of the events in honor of it. The committee decided to call the strike a "day off" since they thought this term would be more pleasant and more effective in engaging the masses. Also, some women could have been fired for going on strike but could not be denied a day off.[2]
Women's organizations spread the word about the Day Off throughout the country.[1] The Day Off event organizers got radio stations, television, and newspapers to run stories about gender-based discrimination and lower wages for women. The event garnered international attention.[3]
Women's Day Off
editOn 24 October 1975, Icelandic women did not go to their paid jobs or do any housework or child-rearing at home. Ninety percent of women took part, including women in rural communities.[3] Fish factories were closed since many of the factory workers were women.[4]
During the Day Off, 25,000 out of a population of 220,000 people in Iceland gathered in the centre of Reykjavik, Iceland's capital, for a rally. At the rally, women listened to speakers, sang, and talked to each other about what could be done to achieve gender equality in Iceland. There were many speakers, including a housewife, two parliament members, a women's movement representative, and a female worker. The last speech of the day was by Aðalheiður Bjarnfreðsdóttir, who "represented Sókn, the trade union for the lowest-paid women in Iceland".[2]
Employers prepared for the day without women by buying sweets, pencils, and paper to entertain the children brought into work by their fathers.[2] As a result, sausages, a popular meal, sold out in many stores that day.[2]
Aftermath
editThis section needs to be updated. (October 2023) |
The Day Off had a lasting impact and became known colloquially as "the long Friday".[3]
Iceland's parliament passed a law guaranteeing equal rights the following year.[1] The strike also paved the way for the election of Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, the first democratically elected female president in the world five years later in 1980.[5]
Every ten years, on the anniversary of the Day Off, women stop work early.[1] In 1975, the women strikers left work at 2:05 p.m., and in 2005 they left at 2:08 p.m., reflecting the amount of progress made in 30 years. Increasing the frequency of strikes, in 2010, they left work at 2:25 p.m. and in 2016 at 2:38 p.m., with many women taking part in the Viking Clap outside the Althing.[6]
Legacy
editThe 2016 Black Monday in Poland was modelled on the 1975 Icelandic strike.[7]
The International Women's Strike, a global version inspired by the Icelandic strike, spread in 2017 and 2018.[8][9]
On 24 October 2023, the second all-day women's strike since 1975 took place to draw attention to the gender pay gap and violence against women.[10] 100,000 people were estimated to have taken part in the strike, which culminated in a mass demonstration in Reykjavík. Among the participants was Iceland's prime minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir, who set a goal of achieving "full gender equality" in the country by 2030.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h "Icelandic women strike for economic and social equality, 1975 | Global Nonviolent Action Database". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Swarthmore College. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "The day the women went on strike". The Guardian. 18 October 2005. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d Brewer, Kirstie (23 October 2015). "The day Iceland's women went on strike - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ Einarsdottir, Else Mia; Steinhtorsdottir, Gerdur (1977). "The Day the children came to the offices". Scandinavian Review (3): 60–64. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ Jónasdóttir, Valgerður. "Presidential campaign and election". Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Forsdeti Íslands 1980–1996. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ "Icelandic women cut working day to protest wage gap". France24. 25 October 2016.
- ^ "Black Monday: Polish women strike against abortion ban". BBC News. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ James, Selma (8 March 2018). "Decades after Iceland's 'day off', our women's strike is stronger than ever | Selma James". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ Vonberg, Judith; Maestro, Laura Perez (8 March 2018). "'If women stop, the world stops:'Women down tools for 'feminist strike'". CNN. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ Bryant, Miranda (23 October 2023). "Iceland's first full-day women's strike in 48 years aims to close pay gap". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ Bryant, Miranda (24 October 2023). "Iceland PM joins 100,000 people for first full-day women's strike in 48 years". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
