Adam Orleton[a] (died 1345) was an English churchman and royal administrator. He was the Bishop of Winchester (1333–1345), Worcester (1327–1333) and Hereford (1317–1327) of the Catholic Church.
Adam Orleton | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Winchester | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Appointed | 1 December 1333 |
| Term ended | 18 July 1345 |
| Predecessor | John de Stratford |
| Successor | William Edington |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Hereford Bishop of Worcester |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 22 May 1317 |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 18 July 1345 |
| Denomination | Catholic |
Life
editOrleton was born into a Herefordshire family, probably in Hereford, not Orleton. Many of his family had been Chief Bailiffs of the city. The lord of the manor was Roger Mortimer, to whose interests Orleton was loyal.[1] His nephews were John Trilleck, Bishop of Hereford and Thomas Trilleck, Bishop of Rochester.[2]
From the accession of Edward II Orleton was employed as a diplomat to the papal court, at Avignon from 1309, of Clement V and John XXII. A favourite of the latter, Orleton was nominated bishop of Hereford by the pope[3] on 15 May 1317, and consecrated on 22 May 1317,[4] despite the protests of the king. During his episcopate the great central tower at Hereford, a wonder of its day, was built, but there is no reason to think him responsible for a matter under the jurisdiction of the dean and chapter. Despite his increasing political involvement with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer against Edward II, playing a significant role in the events of 1326,[5] Orleton was an effective bishop in Hereford diocese, and reformed the scandalous Wigmore Abbey and also the priory at Abergavenny and St. Guthlac's priory in Hereford.[6]
Orleton was translated to be bishop of Worcester on 25 September 1327,[7] and lastly to be bishop of Winchester on 1 December 1333.[8]
British historian Ian Mortimer has recently argued that Orleton's sodomy accusations against Edward II in 1326-1327 may have been false, and that they may have been related to contemporary smear campaigns against one's political adversaries, such as previous similar aspersions cast against Pope Boniface VIII by Guillaume de Nogaret, Chancellor to King Philip IV of France, as well as those involved in dispossession of the Knights Templar, during which Orleton was a primary antagonist of the order [9]
One assessment stated that:
Bishop Adam, wary, unscrupulous, but at the same time vigorous and of unusual ability, played a great part in politics to the end of the wretched King's life. Some historians still believe that he recommended the murder; he certainly supported the deposition in Parliament, and went to Kenilworth as one of the commissioners to force the King's resignation. If thus interested in secular politics, he was no less watchful and vigilant in the affairs of his bishopric and the cathedral.[10]
In 1327 Orleton briefly held the office of Lord High Treasurer, from January to March.[11]
Orleton died on 18 July 1345.[8]
In literature
editIn Christopher Marlowe's play Edward II, Orleton is given a role in Edward's death. This traditional story is not given credence by contemporary historians.
Orleton is a supporting character in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by Jean Lanier in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Serge Maillat in the 2005 adaptation.
Notes
edit- ^ Or Adam of Orlton, Adam de Orlton, Adam de Orleton
Citations
edit- ^ Register of Adam Orleton, ed A T Bannister, 1907
- ^ "Canterbury and York Series Vol. VIII". Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ Bannister, op. cit, introduction
- ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p 250
- ^ McKisack The Fourteenth Century pp. 85–91
- ^ Bannister, op.cit.
- ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 279
- ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 277
- ^ Ian Mortimer: "Barriers to the Truth" History Today: 60-12: (December 2010): 13
- ^ Gutenberg text Archived 22 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 105
References
edit- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Haines, Roy Marti The Church and Politics in Fourteenth-Century England: The Career of Adam Orleton c. 1275–1345 1978
- McKisack, May, The Fourteenth Century
- Weir, Alison Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England 2005
External links
edit- . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.