Agua Mansa (Spanish for "gentle water")[2] is a former settlement in an unincorporated area of San Bernardino County, near Colton, California, United States. Once the largest settlement in San Bernardino County, it is now a ghost town. Only the cemetery remains.[3]
Agua Mansa | |
|---|---|
  Agua Mansa Location within the state of California  Agua Mansa Agua Mansa (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 34°02′31″N 117°21′50″W / 34.04194°N 117.36389°W | |
| Country | United States of America |
| State | California |
| County | San Bernardino |
| Elevation | 922 ft (281 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 238451 |
| Agua Mansa Cemetery | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Built | 1845 |
| Designated | May 15, 1933 |
| Reference no. | 121 |
The town was established in 1842 in early California Alta California.[4] It was on the Santa Ana River, across from the era settlement of La Placita.[5] Agua Mansa and La Placita were the first non-native settlements in the San Bernardino Valley.[6] Together known as "San Salvador",[7] they were also the largest settlements between Santa Fe de Nuevo México and the Pueblo de Los Ángeles in the 1840s.[8]
Geography
editThe Agua Mansa Valley is located on the south side of Slover Mountain.[9] The valley was 6 mi (9.7 km) in length; its width varied between .5 mi (0.80 km) and .75 mi (1.21 km), the variance depending on the river that flowed through the valley. The area was used as farmland, divided into at least one hundred fields, owned by separate ranchers. The valley's lower end included a Frémont's cottonwoods (Populus fremontii) riparian forest owned by Rubidoux, while the upper end was a sandy plain that extended to the borders of present-day San Bernardino.[10]
History
editIn 1845, Don Juan Bandini donated parts of his land grant Rancho Jurupa to a group of New Mexican colonists led by Santiago Martinez, and Manuel Lorenzo Trujillo from Abiquiú in Santa Fe de Nuevo México — on the condition that they would provide in protection from local Indian raids, in exchange for land, "Civil Militia" Ten of these families moved to 2,000 acres (810 ha) on the "Bandini Donation" on the east side of the Santa Ana River, forming the village of La Placita, while a second group colonized the west side of the river, forming the town of Agua Mansa.[6] The group that formed Agua Mansa was led by Santiago Martinez, Manuel Lorenzo Martinez and Hipilito Garcia, and included Cristobal Slover and Louis Rubidoux.[4]
After the adobe church built in La Placita in 1852 collapsed in quicksand, a new church was built in Agua Mansa. Completed in 1853 and dedicated to San Salvador, the church survived through the Great Flood of 1862.[6] The parish, which included Agua Mansa and La Placita, became known as San Salvador de Jurupa, and was the first non-mission parish in Southern California.[11] The chapel's bell now hangs at the Glenwood Mission Inn.[12]
The town prospered for almost 20 years until the 1862 flooding swept away many of the adobe buildings, leaving the area strewn with sand and gravel. Though the town was rebuilt on higher ground, its prosperity did not return.[2]
Built in 1870 in Agua Mansa, the Jensen Alvarado Ranch is a California Historical Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its vineyard produced and sold thousands of gallons of wine each year.[13]
Agua Mansa Pioneer Cemetery
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Agua Mansa is designated California Historical Landmark (No. 121).[14] The marker is located at Agua Mansa Pioneer Cemetery, the only site that remains of the once flourishing town.[7][14] The first burial occurred in 1852, and the last occurred 111 years later in 1963.[8] It has a museum and chapel, and tours are available.[6]
Records of who is buried in the cemetery are incomplete but about 1,400 (as of October 2018) names have been identified out of a total of 2,000 estimated burials.[15] Only a few grave markers remain today. The earliest known interment was that of Louis Rubidoux, who came to California in 1844 and bought the Jurupa Rancho near today's City of Riverside. Another burial was that of Cornelius Jensen in 1886; Jensen was a Danish sea captain who established a store at Agua Mansa before moving to part of the Robidoux ranch. Jensen's wife, Mercedes Alvarado, is also buried in the cemetery along with other members of her family. Lorenzo Trujillo, the original patriarch of the community, is also believed to rest somewhere in a grave that long ago lost its marker. Isaac Slover, a mountain man and bear hunter who came to California in his old age (and who was killed in 1854 by a bear), is also buried in the cemetery.[8][16]
California Historical Landmark Marker
edit- This historic site marks the resting place of the pioneers of the Agua Mansa area which was started about 1840. The preservation of this cemetery began in 1951. Erected 1961 by Jurupa Palor No. 296 Native Daughters of the Golden West. (Marker Number 121.)[17]
Artistic portrayals
editAgua Mansa is the namesake of a fictional town in Southern California in the contemporary novel Still Water Saints by writer Alex Espinoza.[18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Agua Mansa Cemetery
- ^ a b "NO. 121 AGUA MANSA". ohp.parks.ca.gov. Office of Historical Preservation. Archived from the original on November 17, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^ "Agua Mansa". ghosttowns.com. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ a b Crafts, Eliza Persis Russell Robbins; McGehee, Fannie P. (1906). Pioneer days in the San Bernardino valley. Kingsley, Moles & Collins Co. p. 19. ISBN 9783849680169.
- ^ Dwyer, Jeff (2006). Ghost Hunter's Guide to Los Angeles. Pelican Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 1-58980-404-X.
- ^ a b c d "The Agua Mansa Pioneer Cemetery". San Bernardino County Museum. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
- ^ a b Mitchell, Patrick (2006). Santa Ana River Guide: From Crest to Coast – 110 Miles Along Southern California's Largest River System. 209. Santa Ana River Guide: From Crest to Coast – 110 Miles Along Southern California's Largest River System. ISBN 0-89997-411-2.
- ^ a b c Hiltner, Nita (January 30, 2010). "Rich history found at Colton cemetery". The Press-Enterprise. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^ Los Angeles County Pioneers of Southern California (1884). Southern California quarterly. Vol. 1. Historical Society of Southern California. p. 37.
- ^ Lewis, Hugh M. (2004). Robidoux Chronicles: Ethnohistory Of The French-american Fur Trade. Trafford Publishing. p. 301. ISBN 1-4120-2570-2.
- ^ Hall, Gary. "The Lost City of the Inland Empire, Agua Mansa". insidetheie.com. Inside the Inland Empire. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^ Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.) (1919). Locomotive engineers journal. Vol. 53. p. 244.
- ^ Summons, Trevor (August 21, 2010). "Ranch offers rich look at past". The Sun. San Bernardino Sun. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ a b "Agua Mansa". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
- ^ Family remembrance set at historic cemetery. Riverside Press Enterprise, Oct. 25, 2011. Retrieved Oct 4, 2014
- ^ San Bernardino Historical Society Newsletter, September, 1980.
- ^ marker Database 121
- ^ Medina, David D. (May 6, 2007). "Still Water Saints by Alex Espinoza". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
External links
edit
Media related to Agua Mansa Pioneer Cemetery at Wikimedia Commons- San Bernardino County Museum.gov: Agua Mansa Pioneer Cemetery
