Bağlarbaşı (Kurdish: Arnas; Syriac: ܥܪܢܐܣ, romanized: Urnus)[2][nb 1] is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey.[5] The village is populated by Assyrians and by Kurds of the Arnas tribe and had a population of 401 in 2021.[1][6] It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.[7]
Bağlarbaşı | |
|---|---|
  Bağlarbaşı Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°27′18″N 41°27′32″E / 37.455°N 41.459°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Mardin |
| District | Midyat |
| Population (2021)[1] | 401 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
In the village, there is a church of Mar Basus and Mar Cyriacus.[8]
History
editA church was constructed at Urnus (today called Bağlarbaşı) by Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus (r. 491–518) and designed by the architects Theodosius and Theodorus according to a manuscript dated to 1592, however the historian Andrew Palmer argues this was fabricated to add historicity.[9] The Church of Mar Basus and Mar Cyriacus at Urnus, also called simply the Church of Mar Cyriacus, was probably constructed in the late seventh century AD.[10] It was built by 761/762 (AG 1072) at the latest as indicated by an inscription at the church commemorating the construction of a templon screen by the priest Elijah in that year.[11] The monk-priest Yusuf (Joseph) of Urnus, son of the priest Ṣaliba, was a reputable calligrapher (fl. 1457–1459).[12]
The entirety of the church's northern wall, including the arcade, and most of the vault was rebuilt in 1591/1592 (AG 1903) by maqdisi Yusuf, son of Emmanuel and the priest Habil (Abel) and his son Jaladi.[13] Cyril Denha of Urnus was ordained as a bishop by Ignatius Habib, Patriarch of Tur Abdin (r. 1674–1707).[14] Ignatius Denha, Patriarch of Tur Abdin (r. 1707–1725), was from Urnus.[15] Basilius Denha Baltaji, Maphrian of Tur Abdin (r. 1740–1779), was born at Urnus.[16] Cyril Jacob of Urnus was ordained as a metropolitan bishop of the patriarchal office by Ignatius Barsoum, Patriarch of Tur Abdin (r. 1740–1791).[17] Cyril Jacob Mirijan of Urnus was metropolitan bishop of Midyat in 1783–1804.[18] Ignatius Yusuf of Urnus was an illegitimate patriarch of Tur Abdin in 1805–1834.[19] The monk ‘Abd al-Masih of Urnus was superior of the Mor Hananyo Monastery in 1905–1906.[20]
In 1914, the village was inhabited by 350 Assyrians, according to the list presented to the Paris Peace Conference by the Assyro-Chaldean delegation.[21] There were 70 Assyrian families in 1915.[22] Most of the Christians at Urnus adhered to the Syriac Orthodox Church although there were ten Protestant families.[23] It served as the residence of the chief of the Dakshuri tribal confederation, Osman Tammero.[24] The Dakshuri confederation included the Arnas tribe, which consisted of both Assyrians and Kurds.[25] Kurds likely constituted the majority of the village's population.[23] Amidst the Sayfo, upon learning of the massacre at Saleh and hearing gunshots from Midyat, Assyrians at Urnus opted to take refuge at ‘Ayn-Wardo and managed to force themselves past Kurds who attempted to stop them, whilst 23 Assyrian men who remained were murdered the next day.[23] A few Assyrians who attempted to return to the village were shot.[26]
The population of the village was 984 in 1960.[27] There were 390 Turoyo-speaking Christians in 63 families in 1966.[27] The Assyrians at Urnus emigrated to Germany in the second half of the 20th century.[28] By 1987, there were 20 Assyrian families.[22] The final Christian left the village in 1991.[28]
References
editNotes
Citations
- ^ a b "31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI" (XLS). TÜİK (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ Carlson, Thomas A. (9 December 2016). "ʿArdnas - ܥܪܢܐܣ". The Syriac Gazetteer. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Courtois (2004), p. 226; Barsoum (2008b), p. 16; Keser-Kayaalp (2019), p. 185; Gaunt (2006), p. 377; Jongerden & Verheij (2012), p. 321; Bcheiry (2019), p. 57.
- ^ Ritter (1967), p. 12; Birol (2017), p. 160.
- ^ "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Tan (2018), p. 177.
- ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 559.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), p. 17.
- ^ Palmer (1990), p. 52; Barsoum (2008a), p. 20.
- ^ Sinclair (1989), p. 249; Barsoum (2008b), p. 17.
- ^ Palmer (1990), pp. 194, 209; Keser-Kayaalp (2019), p. 187.
- ^ Barsoum (2003), pp. 21, 546; Barsoum (2008b), p. 110.
- ^ Sinclair (1989), p. 249; Barsoum (2008b), p. 90.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), p. 50.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), p. 45.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), p. 46; Barsoum (2009), p. 21.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), pp. 50–51.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), p. 37.
- ^ Barsoum (2008b), pp. 45–46.
- ^ Barsoum (2008a), p. 43.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), p. 427.
- ^ a b Courtois (2004), p. 226.
- ^ a b c Gaunt (2006), p. 201.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), pp. 187, 201.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), p. 187.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), p. 205.
- ^ a b Ritter (1967), p. 12.
- ^ a b Courtois (2013), p. 149.
Bibliography
edit- Barsoum, Aphrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- Barsoum, Aphrem (2008a). History of the Za'faran Monastery. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- Barsoum, Aphrem (2008b). The History of Tur Abdin. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- Barsoum, Aphrem (2009). History of the Syriac Dioceses. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- Bcheiry, Iskandar (2019). "Digitizing and Schematizing the Archival Material from the Late Ottoman Period Found in the Monastery of al-Zaʿfarān in Southeast Turkey" (PDF). Atla Summary of Proceedings. 72 (January): 50–61. doi:10.31046/proceedings.2018.113. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
- Birol, Simon (2017). "Interpretation of the 'Sayfo' in Gallo Shabo's Poem". In David Gaunt; Naures Atto; Soner O. Barthoma (eds.). Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide against the Assyrian, Syriac and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire (PDF). pp. 157–177. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
- Courtois, Sébastien de (2004). The Forgotten Genocide: Eastern Christians, The Last Arameans. Translated by Vincent Aurora. Gorgias Press.
- Courtois, Sébastien de (2013). "Tur Abdin : Réflexions sur l'état présent descommunautés syriaques du Sud-Est de la Turquie,mémoire, exils, retours". Cahier du Gremmamo (in French). 21: 113–150.
- Gaunt, David (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (2012). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill.
- Keser-Kayaalp, Elif (2019). "Church Building in the Ṭur 'Abdin in the First Centuries of the Islamic Rule". Authority and Control in the Countryside: From Antiquity to Islam in the Mediterranean and Near East (Sixth-Tenth Century). Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 176–209. ISBN 9789004386549.
- Palmer, Andrew (1990). Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur Abdin. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- Ritter, Hellmut (1967). Turoyo: Die Volkssprache der Syrischen Christen des Tur 'Abdin (in German). Vol. 1. Franz Steiner Verlag.
- Sinclair, T.A. (1989). Eastern Turkey: An Architectural and Archaeological Survey. Vol. 3. Pindar Press. ISBN 0-907132-34-0.
- Tan, Altan (2018). Turabidin'den Berriye'ye. Aşiretler - Dinler - Diller - Kültürler (in Turkish). Pak Ajans Yayincilik Turizm Ve Diş Ticaret Limited şirketi. ISBN 9789944360944.