Bernard Daniel Jacques Loiseau (French pronunciation: [bɛʁnaʁ danjɛl ʒak lwazo]; 13 January 1951 – 24 February 2003) was a French chef at Le Relais Bernard Loiseau in Saulieu, Côte-d'Or. He obtained three stars in the Michelin Guide and had a peak rating of 19.5/20 in the Gault Millau restaurant guide.[1] He was one of the most mediatised French chefs between the 1980s and 1990s.[2][3]
Bernard Loiseau | |
|---|---|
| Born | Bernard Daniel Jacques Loiseau 13 January 1951 Chamalières, France |
| Died | 24 February 2003 (aged 52) Saulieu, France |
| Cause of death | Suicide by gunshot |
| Education | La Maison Troisgros |
| Culinary career | |
Rating(s) | |
Current restaurant(s) | |
In 2003, a short time after having become a member of the Relais & Châteaux association, Loiseau was downgraded from 19/20 to 17/20 in the Gault et Millau guide and received a strong negative media review from the gastronomic critic François Simon in the newspaper Le Figaro, but he still had his three stars in the Michelin Guide.[4] As criticism continued to pour in and while the media speculated about a possible future loss of a Michelin star, he died by suicide by self-inflicted gunshot without giving any explanation. The theories aiming at explaining his death are the object of strong polemics.[5][6] His decision was likely due to increased bouts of clinical depression.[7]
Early life
editLoiseau was born in Chamalières, in the Auvergne region of central France. He decided to become a chef as a teenager, apprenticing at the famous La Maison Troisgros run by the brothers Jean and Pierre Troisgros in Roanne between 1968 and 1971.
Career
editIn 1972, Loiseau began working for restaurateur Claude Verger at La Barrière de Clichy, and was soon hailed as a prodigy by the Gault Millau guide, a proponent of the nouvelle cuisine style that emphasised lightness and freshness in contrast to the cuisine classique of traditional French gastronomy. When Verger bought the formerly prestigious La Côte d'Or of Saulieu in 1975, he installed Loiseau as chef and soon stood aside to allow him to develop a highly personal style of cuisine. Loiseau bought La Côte d'Or from Verger in 1982, and the well known Michelin Guide bestowed the coveted three-star rating on his establishment in 1991. His fanatical attention to detail, frenetic work ethic, and discerning palate, propelled him to the top of his profession, and earned him a knowledgeable and loyal, but unforgiving and demanding clientele.
Bernard Loiseau established Bernard Loiseau SA in 1998, and was the first star restaurateur to establish the concept of having one's restaurant incorporated and traded. At the time of his death, he was the only French chef traded on the stock exchange.[8] Under Bernard Loiseau SA, Loiseau published numerous books, established a line of frozen foods, and opened three eateries in Paris, in addition to running La Côte d'Or and its adjoining boutique shop.
The French government awarded him its highest honour, the decorations of Chevalier (Knight) de la Légion d'honneur in 1994,[9] Chevalier (Knight) de l'Ordre national du Mérite in 1986,[10] Officier (Officer) de l'Ordre national du Mérite in 2002[10] and Chevalier du Mérite agricole.
Death
editIn the late 1990s, a new form of Asian-inspired "fusion cuisine" swept France, catering to an international corporate class and pleasing trend-driven "foodies" (a neologism of the movement), which Loiseau resisted. The prevailing notion, however, was that the pre-eminent Loiseau's grip was slipping — that his cuisine and philosophy were being superseded by newer trends. He was by this time deeply in debt, and suffered from bouts of increasingly severe clinical depression.
Loiseau died by suicide on 24 February 2003, shooting himself in the head with a shotgun after presiding over the lunch service in his restaurant.[11][12] The Gault Millau guide had recently downgraded his restaurant from 19/20 to 17/20, and there were also rumours in Le Figaro[13] that the Michelin Guide was planning to remove one of La Côte d'Or's three stars.[14]
Loiseau had made a life's ambition of becoming a three-star chef, a goal which had required 17 years of hard work at La Côte d'Or to achieve. After his death, three-star chef Jacques Lameloise said Loiseau had once confided, "If I lose a star, I'll kill myself".[8] While it was later reported that Loiseau was despondent over his debt issues and decreasing patronage at his restaurant, Michelin still received blame in some accounts.[15]
As of 2021 La Côte d'Or remains a two-star establishment in the hands of executive chef Patrick Bertron.[16]
In popular media
editThe plot of the 2007 Pixar animated film Ratatouille has its roots in Loiseau's life story, with the film's character of chef Auguste Gusteau being inspired by both Loiseau and Paul Bocuse.[17] La Côte d'Or was one of the restaurants visited by director Brad Bird and others in France.[18][19]
Further reading
edit- Rudolph Chelminski, 2005. The Perfectionist : Life and Death in Haute Cuisine (Gotham/Penguin). Biography
- William Echikson, 1995. "Burgundy Stars: A Year in the Life of a Great French Restaurant" (Little, Brown).
References
edit- ^ "Saulieu-Morvan Tourist Office". Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ Magazine, Dandy (12 April 2013). "Bernard Loiseau". Dandy Magazine (in French). Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Larousse, Éditions. "Archive Larousse : Journal de l'année Édition 2004 - dossier - Bernard Loiseau, Le plus doué de sa génération". www.larousse.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Michelin guide 'covered up criticism of top French suicide chef'". Le Point. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "La vérité sur le suicide du chef Bernard Loiseau". L'Express. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ "Dix ans après la mort de Bernard Loiseau, querelle de chroniqueurs gastronomiques". Le Monde. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ "Michelin guide 'covered up criticism of top French suicide chef'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ a b "French Furor Over Chef's Apparent Suicide". CBS News. 25 February 2003. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "Décret du 13 juillet 1994 portant promotion et nomination". JORF. 1994 (162): 10178. 14 July 1994. PREX9411369D. Archived from the original on 18 December 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Décret du 30 avril 2002 portant promotion et nomination". JORF. 2002 (102): 7882. 2 May 2002. PREX0205524D. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
- ^ Leopold, Todd (28 July 2005). "The master chef who killed himself: A story of a star 'Perfectionist'" Archived 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. CNN.
- ^ Ripley, Amanda (2 March 2003). "Recipe for Tragedy". Time. Archived from the original on 19 March 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ The New Yorker Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 2003/05/12
- ^ Henry Samuel (23 January 2013). "Michelin guide 'covered up criticism of top French suicide chef'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ^ Rémy, Pascal (2004). L'inspecteur se met à table. Equateur. ISBN 2-84990-006-0.
- ^ "Le Relais Bernard Loiseau – Saulieu: a Michelin Guide restaurant". www.viamichelin.com. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ Molly Moore and Corinne Gavard (14 August 2007). "A Taste of Whimsy Wows the French". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
- ^ "Parlez-vous Francais". Yahoo!. 22 May 2007. Archived from the original on 26 May 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
- ^ "Quand Paul Bocuse fricotait avec Rémy, le héros du film Ratatouille". BFM TV (in French). 20 January 2018. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2018.