Wikipedia

Demographics of Vietnam

Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Vietnam[1]
Vietnam population pyramid on census day 01/4/2019
Population100.300.000 (December 31, 2023)[2]
Density300/km²[3]
Growth rate0.97% (2021 est.)[4]
Birth rate15.2 births/1000 population (2022 est.)[4]
Death rate6.1 deaths/1000 population (2022 est.)[4]
Life expectancy73.6 years (2022 est.)[4]
 • male71.1 years (2022 est.)
 • female76.4 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate2.01 births/woman (2022 est.)[4]
Infant mortality rate12.1 deaths/1000 live births (2022 est.)[4]
Age structure
0–14 years24% (2019)[5]
15–64 years68.4% (2019)
65 and over7.6% (2019)
Sex ratio
Total0.995 male(s)/female (2022)[4]
At birth1.116 male(s)/female (2022)[2]
Under 151.1 male(s)/female
15–64 years1 male (s)/female
65 and over0.62 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Vietnamese (singular and plural) adjective: Vietnamese
Major ethnicKinh (85.32%)
Minor ethnicTay (1.92%), Thái (1.89%), Muong (1.51%), Hmong (1.45%), Khmer (1.37%), Nung (1.13%), Other (5.41%)
Language
OfficialVietnamese language
SpokenVietnamese and many minority and mountain area languages

Originating in northern Vietnam, the Vietnamese people pushed southward over two millennia to occupy the entire eastern seacoast of the Indochinese Peninsula. Ethnic Vietnamese, or Viet (known officially as Kinh), live in the lowlands and speak the Vietnamese language, as opposed to the many ethnic groups of Vietnam who are known to occupy the mountainous regions. The Kinh group does represent much of the cultural and political landscape of Vietnam.

Vietnam's population may be expected to approach to 100 million by the end of 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world.[6][7] It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.[8][9]

Population

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Historical population of Vietnam

Historic estimates

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[10] Total population (1,000's)
0 ca. 800
500 ca. 550
1000 ca. 800
1500 2 000
1700 3 000
1850 6 110
1900 11 700
1930 17 500

UN estimates

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Year[11] Total population
(000's) 		Population in age bracket
aged 0–14 aged 15–64 aged 65+
1950 28 000
31.9%
63.9%
4.2%
1955 31 329
35.6%
60.1%
4.3%
1960 35 173
40.1%
55.5%
4.4%
1965 39 885
44.1%
51.3%
4.6%
1970 44 928
44.2%
50.9%
4.8%
1975 49 896
42.9%
52.3%
4.8%
1980 54 023
40.7%
54.3%
4.9%
1985 60 307
39.4%
55.7%
4.9%
1990 67 102
38.0%
57.0%
5.0%
1995 74 008
36.5%
58.4%
5.1%
2000 79 910
31.6%
62.0%
6.4%
2005 83 833
27.1%
66.4%
6.5%
2010 87 968
23.6%
69.9%
6.5%
2015 92 677
23.0%
70.3%
6.7%
2020 97 339
23.2%
68.9%
7.9%

Academic estimates

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[12][13] Total population (Excluding Champa and Khmer polities)
1000 ca. 1.2 million
1100 ca. 1.5 million
1200 ca. 2 million
1300 ca. 2.4 million
1400 1.8 million
1500 4.4 million
1600 5 million
1700 6.3 million
1800 7.5 million

Population pyramids

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Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.IV.2009):
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 42 413 143 43 433 854 85 846 997 100
0-4 3 662 889 3 371 255 7 034 144 7.97
5-9 3 458 159 3 252 578 6 710 737 7.82
10-14 3 725 369 3 523 009 7 248 378 8.44
15-19 4 577 914 4 385 988 8 963 902 10.44
20-24 4 253 618 4 179 249 8 432 867 9.82
25-29 3 904 730 3 885 273 7 790 003 9.07
30-34 3 462 905 3 405 253 6 868 158 8.00
35-39 3 298 266 3 233 341 6 531 607 7.61
40-44 2 967 934 2 998 922 5 966 856 6.95
45-49 2 642 466 2 808 462 5 450 928 6.35
50-54 2 082 098 2 329 953 4 412 051 5.14
55-59 1 364 319 1 620 300 2 984 619 3.48
60-64 861 897 1 076 051 1 937 948 2.26
65-69 653 287 901 391 1 554 678 1.81
70-74 568 312 844 226 1 412 538 1.65
75-79 480 088 718 805 1 198 893 1.40
80-84 264 997 460 988 725 985 0.85
85+ 183 895 438 810 622 705 0.73
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 10 846 417 10 146 842 20 993 259 24.45
15-64 29 416 147 29 922 792 59 338 939 69.12
65+ 2 150 579 3 364 220 5 514 799 6.42
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2014):
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 44 758 132 45 970 809 90 728 941 100
0-4 3 806 055 3 423 520 7 229 575 7.97
5-9 3 730 617 3 431 843 7 162 460 7.89
10-14 3 555 440 3 344 659 6 900 099 7.61
15-19 3 580 322 3 413 183 6 993 505 7.71
20-24 4 058 691 3 959 579 8 018 270 8.84
25-29 3 951 220 3 888 697 7 839 917 8.64
30-34 3 689 395 3 769 601 7 458 996 8.22
35-39 3 390 462 3 439 787 6 830 249 7.53
40-44 3 292 933 3 295 012 6 587 945 7.26
45-49 2 980 442 3 068 389 6 048 831 6.67
50-54 2 699 165 2 971 459 5 670 624 6.25
55-59 2 096 032 2 405 568 4 501 600 4.96
60-64 1 376 861 1 671 621 3 048 482 3.36
65-69 832 090 1 084 870 1 916 960 2.11
70-74 600 732 862 104 1 462 836 1.61
75-79 477 293 757 242 1 234 535 1.36
80+ 640 382 1 183 675 1 824 057 2.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 11 092 112 10 200 022 21 292 134 23.47
15-64 31 115 523 31 882 896 62 998 419 69.44
65+ 2 550 497 3 887 891 6 438 388 7.10
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.IV.2019):
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 47 881 061 48 327 923 96 208 984 100
0-4 4 100 479 3 718 847 7 819 326 8.13
5-9 4 354 887 3 977 832 8 332 719 8.66
10-14 3 737 030 3 482 807 7 219 837 7.50
15-19 3 352 386 3 153 831 6 506 217 6.76
20-24 3 417 149 3 258 554 6 675 703 6.94
25-29 4 301 210 4 146 767 8 447 977 8.78
30-34 4 276 404 4 117 406 8 393 810 8.72
35-39 3 891 950 3 800 436 7 692 386 8.00
40-44 3 366 147 3 317 972 6 684 119 6.95
45-49 3 132 172 3 125 299 6 257 471 6.50
50-54 2 772 157 2 889 853 5 662 010 5.89
55-59 2 402 096 2 706 628 5 108 724 5.31
60-64 1 810 497 2 181 537 3 992 034 4.15
65-69 1 167 214 1 518 057 2 685 271 2.79
70-74 687 339 953 511 1 640 850 1.71
75-79 453 972 717 839 1 171 811 1.22
80-84 327 330 580 402 907 732 0.94
85+ 330 642 680 345 1 010 987 1.05
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 12 192 396 11 179 486 23 371 882 24.29
15-64 32 722 168 32 698 283 65 420 451 68.00
65+ 2 966 497 4 350 211 7 416 651 7.71

Source:[14]

Vital statistics

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UN estimates of births and deaths

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Period[11] Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950-1955 1 335 000 722 000 613 000 44.8 24.2 20.6 6.20 157.9
1955-1960 1 533 000 764 000 769 000 46.1 23.0 23.1 6.76 143.7
1960-1965 1 732 000 790 000 942 000 46.2 21.0 25.2 7.33 130.3
1965-1970 1 798 000 790 000 1 009 000 42.4 18.6 23.8 7.38 117.8
1970-1975 1 853 000 859 000 994 000 39.1 18.1 21.0 7.15 118.4
1975-1980 1 797 000 760 000 1 036 000 34.6 14.6 20.0 5.89 97.6
1980-1985 1 952 000 630 000 1 322 000 34.1 11.0 23.1 4.93 70.0
1985-1990 2 000 000 574 000 1 425 000 31.4 9.0 22.4 3.96 54.8
1990-1995 1 929 000 484 000 1 444 000 27.3 6.9 20.4 3.23 37.9
1995-2000 1 448 000 441 000 1 007 000 19.0 5.8 13.2 2.18 29.2
2000-2005 1 392 000 425 000 967 000 16.9 5.5 11.4 1.92 23.1
2005-2010 1 472 000 448 000 1 024 000 17.3 5.6 11.7 1.93 20.4
2010-2015 17.4 5.8 11.6 1.96
2015-2020 16.2 5.8 10.4 1.95
2020-2025 15.2 6.0 9.2 1.93
2025-2030 13.4 6.3 7.1 1.92
2030-2035 12.1 6.7 5.4 1.92
2035-2040 11.7 7.3 4.4 1.91
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1950 28,264,000—    
1960 35,173,000+24.4%
1970 44,928,000+27.7%
1980 54,023,000+20.2%
1990 67,102,000+24.2%
2000 78,758,000+17.4%
2010 87,100,000+10.6%
2020 98,721,275+13.3%
Source:https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vietnam/

Birth, death and fertility rates

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The total fertility rate of Vietnam has been influenced by the government's family planning policy, the two-child policy.[15]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
(children per woman)
1990 66,016,700
1991 67,242,400
1992 68,450,100
1993 69,644,500
1994 70,824,500
1995 71,995,500
1996 73,156,700
1997 74,306,900
1998 75,456,300
1999 76,596,700
2000 77,630,900
2001 78,620,500 1,462,300 401,000 1,061,300 18.6 5.1 13.5 2.25
2002 79,537,700 1,511,200 461,300 1,049,900 19.0 5.8 13.2 2.28
2003 80,467,400 1,408,200 466,700 941,500 17.5 5.8 11.7 2.12
2004 81,436,400 1,563,600 439,800 1,123,800 19.2 5.4 13.8 2.23
2005 82,392,100 1,532,500 436,700 1,095,800 18.6 5.3 13.3 2.11
2006 83,311,200 1,449,600 441,500 1,008,100 17.4 5.3 12.1 2.09
2007 84,218,500 1,423,300 446,400 976,900 16.9 5.3 11.6 2.07
2008 85,118,700 1,421,500 451,100 970,400 16.7 5.3 11.4 2.08
2009 86,025,000 1,514,000 585,000 929,000 17.6 6.8 10.8 2.03
2010 86,947,400 1,486,800 591,200 895,600 17.1 6.8 10.3 2.00
2011 87,860,400 1,458,500 606,200 852,300 16.6 6.9 9.7 1.99
2012 88,809,300 1,500,900 621,700 879,200 16.9 7.0 9.9 2.05
2013 89,759,500 1,525,900 637,300 888,600 17.0 7.1 9.9 2.10
2014 90,728,900 1,560,500 626,000 934,500 17.2 6.9 10.3 2.09
2015 91,709,800 1,485,700 623,600 862,100 16.2 6.8 9.4 2.10
2016 92,692,200 1,483,100 630,300 852,800 16.0 6.8 9.2 2.09
2017 93,671,600 1,395,700 637,000 758,700 14.9 6.8 8.1 2.04
2018 94,666,000 1,382,100 643,700 738,400 14.6 6.8 7.8 2.05
2019 96,484,000 1,572,700 607,800 964,900 16.3 6.3 10.0 2.09
2020 97,582,690 1,590,600 591,400 999,200 16.3 6.1 10.2 2.12
2021 98,506,190 1,550,500 628,700 922,000 15.7 6.4 9.3 2.11
2022 99,461,700 1,511,800 606,700 905,100 15.2 6.1 9.1 2.01
2023 100,309,200 1,394,300 551,700 842,600 13.9 5.5 8.4 1.96

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.[16][17][18]

Fertility rate by region and province

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Province 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Vietnam 2.11 2.07 2.08 2.03 2.00 1.99 2.05 2.10 2.09 2.10 2.09 2.04 2.05 2.09 2.12 2.11
Red River Delta 2.06 2.11 2.13 2.11 2.04 2.06 2.11 2.11 2.30 2.23 2.23 2.16 2.29 2.35 2.34 2.37
Hà Nội 1.83 1.91 2.06 2.08 2.00 2.02 2.06 2.03 2.18 2.04 2.06 2.00 2.07 2.24 2.25 2.18
Hà Tây 2.29 2.23 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Vĩnh Phúc 2.15 2.00 2.10 2.13 2.06 2.02 2.07 2.11 2.44 2.25 2.48 2.34 2.48 2.39 2.39 2.37
Bắc Ninh 2.40 2.28 2.29 2.32 2.26 2.23 2.71 2.29 2.72 2.72 2.63 2.67 2.66 2.53 2.49 2.60
Quảng Ninh 2.24 2.12 2.12 2.20 1.99 2.07 2.27 2.18 2.49 2.20 2.02 2.25 2.22 2.24 2.22 2.14
Hải Dương 2.10 2.04 2.13 1.99 1.98 2.01 2.07 1.99 2.06 2.00 2.30 1.95 2.59 2.48 2.57 2.44
Hải Phòng 2.13 1.86 1.95 2.16 1.98 2.00 2.37 2.03 2.35 2.02 2.11 1.99 1.92 2.20 2.05 2.35
Hưng Yên 2.32 2.08 2.25 2.11 2.13 2.19 2.10 2.46 2.29 2.40 2.37 2.10 2.39 2.40 2.40 2.43
Thái Bình 2.19 2.21 2.14 2.08 2.10 2.15 1.78 2.07 1.87 2.39 2.25 2.21 2.51 2.43 2.42 2.58
Hà Nam 2.30 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.09 2.16 1.83 1.87 1.99 2.22 2.11 1.97 2.39 2.44 2.36 2.35
Nam Định 2.31 2.39 2.19 2.25 2.20 2.24 1.76 2.32 2.73 2.81 2.46 2.58 2.82 2.74 2.71 2.75
Ninh Bình 2.37 2.26 2.36 2.04 1.88 1.86 2.66 2.28 2.87 2.76 2.94 2.39 2.53 2.46 2.42 2.41
Northern midlands and mountain areas 2.33 2.23 2.30 2.24 2.22 2.21 2.31 2.18 2.56 2.69 2.63 2.53 2.48 2.43 2.41 2.43
Hà Giang 3.06 2.89 2.86 3.08 3.05 2.57 2.78 2.70 2.51 2.93 2.42 2.49 2.74 2.47 2.57 2.62
Cao Bằng 2.55 2.28 2.26 2.18 2.09 2.15 2.13 2.05 2.53 2.52 2.46 2.34 2.48 2.43 2.42 2.40
Bắc Kạn 2.29 2.12 2.07 1.84 1.85 1.91 2.30 2.11 2.07 2.42 2.40 2.37 2.23 2.14 2.14 2.22
Tuyên Quang 2.17 2.05 2.05 2.10 2.07 2.10 2.18 2.35 2.73 2.74 2.72 2.68 2.62 2.51 2.50 2.42
Lào Cai 2.97 2.59 2.69 2.70 2.73 2.57 2.43 2.52 2.36 2.26 2.73 2.24 2.43 2.44 2.43 2.40
Yên Bái 2.55 2.36 2.56 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.38 2.13 2.77 2.76 2.89 2.77 2.96 2.74 2.64 2.77
Thái Nguyên 1.99 1.99 1.95 1.89 1.90 1.96 2.13 2.06 2.45 2.52 2.45 2.09 2.05 2.14 2.16 2.12
Lạng Sơn 2.28 2.14 2.15 1.86 1.84 1.88 2.11 1.86 2.26 2.38 2.34 2.25 2.22 2.13 2.19 2.32
Bắc Giang 2.21 2.07 2.22 1.94 1.86 1.94 2.09 1.77 2.57 2.77 2.64 2.73 2.38 2.31 2.30 2.32
Phú Thọ 2.03 1.99 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.22 2.18 2.22 2.51 2.61 2.56 2.51 2.66 2.57 2.53 2.42
Điện Biên 3.17 2.72 2.72 2.55 2.57 2.67 2.76 2.48 3.11 2.81 2.43 2.84 2.78 2.72 2.66 2.70
Lai Châu 3.52 3.02 3.01 2.96 2.91 2.93 2.60 2.45 3.20 3.11 2.91 2.86 2.60 2.68 2.63 2.77
Sơn La 2.76 2.36 2.29 2.61 2.58 2.43 2.52 2.25 2.57 2.82 2.90 2.77 2.36 2.44 2.36 2.36
Hòa Bình 2.09 2.06 2.01 1.98 1.98 2.03 2.08 1.90 2.30 2.84 2.56 2.30 2.42 2.34 2.29 2.19
North Central and Central coastal areas 2.37 2.27 2.30 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.32 2.37 2.31 2.34 2.37 2.31 2.30 2.32 2.31 2.32
Thanh Hóa 2.39 2.12 2.17 1.89 1.89 2.01 2.22 2.11 2.43 2.75 2.70 2.45 2.69 2.54 2.51 2.22
Nghệ An 2.75 2.49 2.52 2.55 2.56 2.49 2.59 2.68 2.70 2.69 2.76 2.87 2.82 2.75 2.68 2.63
Hà Tĩnh 2.38 2.46 2.65 2.46 2.46 2.50 2.75 2.95 3.12 2.65 3.21 3.24 2.90 2.83 2.73 2.95
Quảng Bình 2.58 2.57 2.57 2.37 2.39 2.41 2.61 2.22 2.49 2.52 2.38 2.34 2.41 2.43 2.40 2.52
Quảng Trị 2.90 2.77 2.71 2.85 2.84 2.67 2.65 2.75 2.75 2.94 3.19 2.83 2.61 2.45 2.44 2.46
Thừa Thiên–Huế 2.98 2.79 2.54 2.26 2.28 2.22 2.38 2.21 2.33 2.26 2.20 2.33 2.03 2.34 2.29 2.25
Đà Nẵng 1.87 1.90 1.92 2.14 2.16 1.99 2.18 2.32 2.03 2.13 2.24 1.81 1.49 1.88 2.09 2.02
Quảng Nam 2.40 2.32 2.12 2.30 2.27 2.16 2.35 2.65 2.27 2.17 2.16 2.26 2.28 2.27 2.23 2.25
Quảng Ngãi 2.21 2.11 2.18 2.09 2.11 2.21 2.13 2.45 2.01 1.93 1.98 1.79 2.06 2.13 2.11 2.14
Bình Định 2.25 2.17 2.09 2.22 2.17 2.28 2.26 2.55 2.29 2.14 2.00 2.09 2.30 2.20 2.24 2.22
Phú Yên 2.25 2.18 2.32 1.96 1.98 2.11 2.07 2.04 2.15 2.05 2.26 2.04 2.16 2.11 2.09 2.07
Khánh Hòa 2.12 2.14 2.18 2.04 2.06 1.93 2.04 2.04 1.65 1.75 1.75 1.64 1.40 1.77 1.81 1.82
Ninh Thuận 2.53 2.28 2.24 2.40 2.42 2.38 2.25 2.37 2.18 2.23 2.28 2.34 2.05 2.09 2.07 2.36
Bình Thuận 2.38 2.40 2.38 2.07 2.09 2.14 2.39 2.15 1.57 2.04 1.81 1.75 1.82 1.91 1.96 2.06
Central Highlands 3.07 2.77 2.68 2.65 2.63 2.58 2.43 2.49 2.30 2.26 2.37 2.29 2.32 2.43 2.41 2.36
Kon Tum 3.94 3.49 3.58 3.45 3.46 3.25 3.16 2.70 3.04 2.49 2.34 2.48 2.12 2.74 2.64 2.55
Gia Lai 3.10 2.97 2.86 2.88 2.90 2.85 2.36 2.48 2.27 2.45 2.38 2.36 2.27 2.49 2.47 2.44
Đắk Lắk 2.98 2.84 2.57 2.45 2.47 2.42 2.31 2.70 2.25 2.22 2.43 2.19 2.41 2.37 2.36 2.15
Đắk Nông 3.38 3.05 2.87 2.72 2.68 2.57 2.65 2.31 2.46 2.36 2.28 2.21 3.05 2.68 2.61 2.68
Lâm Đồng 2.67 2.37 2.31 2.43 2.28 2.32 2.36 2.24 2.09 1.98 2.34 2.29 1.99 2.20 2.19 2.15
South East 1.85 1.74 1.73 1.69 1.68 1.59 1.57 1.83 1.56 1.63 1.46 1.55 1.50 1.56 1.62 1.61
Bình Phước 2.61 2.47 2.38 2.45 2.43 2.31 2.22 2.43 2.30 2.05 1.92 2.02 1.99 2.27 2.25 2.21
Tây Ninh 1.98 1.89 1.79 1.79 1.77 1.80 1.93 1.78 1.76 1.88 1.76 1.66 1.46 1.53 1.67 1.65
Bình Dương 1.66 1.74 1.85 1.70 1.72 1.76 1.70 1.78 1.44 1.59 1.61 1.90 1.53 1.54 1.63 1.62
Đồng Nai 1.92 1.91 1.83 2.07 2.09 1.99 1.80 2.09 1.75 2.02 1.67 1.61 1.80 1.90 1.97 1.86
Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu 2.06 2.09 2.13 2.01 1.88 1.82 1.70 1.92 1.97 1.56 1.52 1.37 1.51 1.87 1.94 1.78
TP. Hồ Chí Minh 1.52 1.49 1.63 1.45 1.45 1.30 1.33 1.68 1.39 1.45 1.24 1.36 1.33 1.39 1.53 1.48
Mekong River Delta 2.00 1.87 1.87 1.84 1.80 1.80 1.92 1.92 1.84 1.76 1.84 1.74 1.74 1.80 1.82 1.82
Long An 1.95 1.91 1.95 1.85 1.87 1.83 2.02 2.03 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.62 1.83 1.80 1.82 1.77
Tiền Giang 2.02 1.98 1.97 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.79 1.78 1.75 1.62 2.00 1.99 1.68 1.82 1.85 1.83
Bến Tre 1.76 1.70 1.71 1.81 1.79 1.71 2.20 1.98 1.89 1.97 1.90 1.88 1.88 1.86 1.87 1.64
Trà Vinh 2.03 1.89 1.79 1.86 1.80 1.80 2.06 1.89 1.94 2.04 2.36 2.25 1.94 1.96 2.00 1.99
Vĩnh Long 1.83 1.76 1.75 1.63 1.65 1.63 2.14 2.02 1.98 1.61 2.03 1.67 1.83 1.81 1.82 1.81
Đồng Tháp 1.98 1.77 1.74 1.87 1.89 1.83 1.57 1.89 1.84 1.61 1.59 1.34 1.43 1.78 1.87 1.85
An Giang 2.00 1.86 1.86 1.97 1.97 1.92 2.17 2.07 2.10 1.73 1.84 1.77 1.78 1.85 1.90 1.94
Kiên Giang 2.22 2.10 2.09 1.84 1.80 1.86 2.16 1.98 1.96 2.05 1.94 1.87 1.96 1.85 1.98 1.91
Cần Thơ 1.70 1.64 1.75 1.72 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.81 1.89 1.88 2.01 1.64 1.66 1.66 1.74 1.68
Hậu Giang 1.95 1.94 1.89 1.96 1.75 1.77 1.78 1.78 1.61 1.64 1.48 1.53 1.64 1.83 1.84 1.83
Sóc Trăng 2.02 1.90 2.06 1.79 1.81 1.83 1.85 2.08 1.65 1.72 1.83 1.69 1.75 1.79 1.80 1.78
Bạc Liêu 2.11 2.10 2.00 1.75 1.59 1.69 1.97 1.82 1.82 1.67 1.63 1.77 1.54 1.61 1.66 1.56
Cà Mau 2.10 2.00 2.01 1.75 1.64 1.73 1.62 1.70 1.65 1.80 1.85 1.65 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.86

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.[19]

Ethnic groups

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See also: List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
 
Ethnolinguistic map of Indochina, 1970. Note: map situation has now changed due to internal migration.

The Vietnamese government recognizes 54 ethnic groups, of which the Viet (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (2019 census), ethnic Vietnamese account for 85.3% of the nation's population and the non-Vietnamese ethnic groups account for the remaining portion. The ethnic Vietnamese inhabit a little less than half of Vietnam, while the ethnic minorities inhabit the majority of Vietnam's land (albeit the least fertile parts of the country).

The relation between China and Vietnam also declined following reunification in 1976, with Vietnam siding with the Soviet Union against China in the Chinese-Soviet split. Tensions peaked when Vietnam and Cambodia started a war, Cambodia led by Pol Pot being a Chinese ally, resulting in a Chinese invasion of Vietnam in 1979. In 1978–79, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam by boat as refugees (many officially encouraged and assisted) or were expelled across the land border with China. In recent years the government has performed an about turn and is encouraging overseas Hoa to return and invest, but the ethnic Chinese population has been in continuous decline since the 1970s due to assimilation and low birth rates.

The central highland peoples commonly termed Degar or Montagnards (mountain people) comprise two main ethnolinguistic groups--Malayo-Polynesian and Mon–Khmer. About 30 groups of various cultures and dialects are spread over the highland territory.

Other minority groups include the Cham—remnants of the once-mighty Champa Kingdom, conquered by the Vietnamese in the 15th century, Hmong, and Thái.

Population of Vietnam according to ethnic group 1989-2019
Ethnic
group 		Language
family 		census 1989[20] census 1999[21] census 2009[22] census 2019[23]
Number % Number % Number % Number %
Kinh Vietic 56,101,583 87.1 65,795,748 86.2 73,594,427 85.7 82,085,826 85.32
Tày Tai-Kadai 1,145,235 1.8 1,477,514 1.9 1,626,392 1.9 1,845,492 1.92
Thai Tai-Kadai 992,809 1.5 1,328,725 1.7 1,550,423 1.8 1,820,950 1.89
Mường Vietic 874,195 1.4 1,137,515 1.5 1,268,963 1.5 1,452,095 1.51
Hmong Hmong-Dao 787,604 1.0 1,068,189 1.2 1,393,547 1.45
Khmer Mon-Khmer 872,382 1.4 1,055,174 1.4 1,260,640 1.5 1,319,652 1.37
Nùng Tai-Kadai 696,305 1.1 856,412 1.1 968,800 1.1 1,083,298 1.13
Dao Hmong-Dao 620,538 0.81 751,067 0.87 891,151 0.93
Hoa Chinese 961,702 1.5 862,371 1.1 823,071 1.0 749,466 0.78
Gia Rai Malayo-Polynesian 317,557 0.42 411,275 0.48 513,930 0.53
Ê Đê Malayo-Polynesian 270,348 0.35 331,194 0.39 398,671 0.41
Ba Na Mon-Khmer 174,456 0.23 227,716 0.27 286,910 0.30
Xơ Đăng Mon-Khmer 127,148 0.17 169,501 0.20 212,277 0.22
Sán Chay Tai-Kadai 147,315 0.19 169,410 0.20 201,398 0.21
Cờ Ho Mon-Khmer 128,723 0.17 166,112 0.19 200,800 0.21
Sán Dìu Chinese 126,237 0.17 146,821 0.17 183,004 0.19
Chăm Malayo-Polynesian 132,873 0.17 161,729 0.19 178,948 0.19
Hrê Mon-Khmer 113,111 0.15 63,012 0.07 149,460 0.16
Ra Glai Malayo-Polynesian 96,931 0.13 122,245 0.14 146,613 0.15
M'Nông Mon-Khmer 92,451 0.12 102,741 0.12 127,334 0.13
Xtiêng Mon-Khmer 66,788 0.09 85,436 0.10 100,752 0.10
Bru-Vân Kiều Mon-Khmer 55,559 0.07 74,506 0.09 94,598 0.10
Thổ Vietic 68,394 0.09 74,458 0.09 91,430 0.10
Khơ Mú Mon-Khmer 56,542 0.07 72,929 0.08 90,612 0.09
Cơ Tu Mon-Khmer 50,458 0.07 61,588 0.07 74,173 0.08
Giáy Tai-Kadai 49,098 0.06 58,617 0.07 67,858 0.07
Giẻ Triêng Mon-Khmer 30,243 0.04 50,962 0.06 63,322 0.07
Tà Ôi Mon-Khmer 34,960 0.05 43,886 0.05 52,356 0.05
Mạ Mon-Khmer 33,338 0.04 41,405 0.05 50,322 0.05
Co Mon-Khmer 27,766 0.04 33,817 0.04 40,442 0.04
Chơ Ro Mon-Khmer 22,567 0.03 26,855 0.03 29,520 0.03
Xinh Mun Mon-Khmer 18,018 0.02 23,278 0.03 29,503 0.03
Hà Nhì Tibeto-Burman 17,535 0.02 10,923 0.01 25,539 0.03
Chu Ru Malayo-Polynesian 14,978 0.02 19,314 0.02 23,242 0.02
Lao Tai-Kadai 11,611 0.02 14,928 0.02 17,532 0.02
Kháng Mon-Khmer 10,272 0.01 13,840 0.02 16,180 0.02
La Chí Tai-Kadai 10,765 0.01 13,158 0.02 15,126 0.02
Phù Lá Tibeto-Burman 9,046 0.01 5,535 0.01 12,471 0.01
La Hủ Tibeto-Burman 6,874 0.01 9,651 0.01 12,113 0.01
La Ha Tai-Kadai 5,686 0.01 8,177 0.01 10,157 0.01
Pà Thẻn Hmong-Dao 5,569 0.01 6,811 0.01 8,248 0.01
Chứt Vietic 3,829 0.01 6,022 0.01 7,513 0.01
Lự Tai-Kadai 4,964 0.01 5,601 0.01 6,757 0.01
Lô Lô Tibeto-Burman 3,307 0.00 2,218 0.00 4,827 0.01
Mảng Mon-Khmer 2,663 0.00 3,700 0.00 4,650 0.00
Cờ Lao Tai-Kadai 1,865 0.00 2,636 0.00 4,003 0.00
Bố Y Tai-Kadai 1,864 0.00 2,273 0.00 3,232 0.00
Cống Tibeto-Burman 1,676 0.00 2,029 0.00 2,729 0.00
Ngái Chinese 4,841 0.01 1,035 0.00 1,649 0.00
Si La Tibeto-Burman 840 0.00 709 0.00 909 0.00
Pu Péo Tai-Kadai 705 0.00 687 0.00 903 0.00
Rơ Măm Mon-Khmer 352 0.00 436 0.00 639 0.00
Brâu Mon-Khmer 313 0.00 397 0.00 525 0.00
Ơ Đu Mon-Khmer 301 0.00 376 0.00 428 0.00
Foreigners 39,532 0.05 2,134 0.00 3,553 0.00
Others 2,767,512 4.3 1,333 0.0 82,942 0.0 349 0.00
Total 64,411,713 76,323,173 85,846,997 96,208,984

Language

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Vietnamese is the official language of the country. It belongs to the Austroasiatic language family, which also includes languages such as Khmer and Mon. Vietnamese was spoken by 85-90 million people in Vietnam at the 1999 census. In the early 21st century, around another four million Vietnamese speakers are found outside of Vietnam, mostly refugees from the Vietnam-American War. Thus Vietnamese is the most spoken language of the Austroasiatic family, being spoken by three times more people than the second most spoken language of the family, Khmer. Both languages, however, are extremely different: Vietnamese is a tonal, monosyllabic language while Khmer has remained non-tonal. Vietnamese was heavily influenced by Chinese, with up to around 50-70% words having Chinese origins, whilst Khmer was heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Pali, uses a abugida writing system, and has a great part of its vocabulary originating from Indian languages. Since the early 20th century, the Vietnamese have used a Romanized script introduced by the French, developed by Jesuit missionaries led by Alexandre de Rhodes and later on, refined by Vietnamese scholars to produce what is now known as the Vietnamese alphabet.

Religions

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Main article: Religion in Vietnam

Religion in Vietnam (2019)[23]

  Vietnamese folk religion or non religious (86.32%)
  Catholicism (6.1%)
  Buddhism (4.79%)
  Hoahaoism (1.02%)
  Protestantism (1%)
  Others (0.77%)

According to the 2019 Census, the religious demographics of Vietnam are as follows:[23]

It is worth noting here that the data is highly skewed, as a large majority of Vietnamese may declare themselves atheist yet practice forms of traditional folk religion or Mahayana Buddhism.[24]

Estimates for the year 2010 published by the Pew Research Center:[25]

  • Vietnamese folk religion, 45.3%
  • Unaffiliated, 29.6%
  • Buddhism, 16.4%
  • Christianity, 8.2%
  • Other, 0.5%

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

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Population pyramid 2017
 
Life expectancy in Vietnam since 1950
 
Life expectancy in Vietnam since 1960 by gender

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Sex ratio

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at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female

(2008 est.)

Source: Statista etc.[26][27]

Life expectancy

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Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1955–1960 57.3 1990–1995 71.2
1960–1965 60.5 1995–2000 72.7
1965–1970 62.3 2000–2005 73.8
1970–1975 57.8 2005–2010 74.7
1975–1980 66.1 2010–2015 75.6
1980–1985 68.1

Source: UN World Population Prospects[28]

Literacy

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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.6% (2014 census); 95.8% (2019 census)
male: 96.9% (no records); 97% (2019 census)
female: 91.9% (2012); 94.6% (2019 census)

Source: The Worldbank Database etc.[29][30][31][32]

See also

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Sources

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References

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  1. ^ [1], 28 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2023). Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022 [Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022] (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 103. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-10. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  3. ^ General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2023). Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022 [Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022] (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 105. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-10. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2023). Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022 [Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022] (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 99. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-10. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  5. ^ Lê, Nga (11 July 2019). "Đồng Tháp, TP HCM mức sinh con thấp nhất cả nước". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  6. ^ "Population approaching 100 million comes with possibilities, challenges". VietNamNet News (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  7. ^ "Viet Nam's population to reach 100 million in 2023 – A significant milestone". UNFPA Vietnam. 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
  8. ^ "Vietnam: Adapting to An Aging Society". World Bank. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
  9. ^ Tran, Kamille (20 September 2023). "Vietnam's speedy transition to being an aged society opens new doors for investors". www.businesstimes.com.sg. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
  10. ^ "Population". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  11. ^ a b Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
  13. ^ Mokyr, Joel (2003). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195170900.
  14. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". UN Data. United Nations. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Decades of population control work paying off for Vietnam". Asia News Network. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  16. ^ Socio-economic situation in the fourth quarter and 2023
  17. ^ Socio-economic situation in the fourth quarter and 2022
  18. ^ General Statistics Office of Vietnam: Population and employment
  19. ^ Total fertility rate by province
  20. ^ United Nations 1993 Demographic Yearbook
  21. ^ 1999 Population and Housing Census Vietnam
  22. ^ 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census
  23. ^ a b c "Report on Results of the 2019 Census". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  24. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vu_Van6/publication/339743111_From_Religious_Heritage_to_Cultural_Heritage_Study_the_Heritage_of_Buddhism_in_Vietnam/links/5e6a03af299bf1b9f7ce4785/From-Religious-Heritage-to-Cultural-Heritage-Study-the-Heritage-of-Buddhism-in-Vietnam.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  25. ^ Pew Research Center: [2] Archived 2021-01-11 at the Wayback Machine.
  26. ^ "Vietnam: sex ratio at birth 2020". Statista. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  27. ^ "Recent Change in the Sex Ratio at Birth in Viet Nam". www.unfpa.org. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  28. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  29. ^ "Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) - Vietnam | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  30. ^ "Vietnam: total literacy rate of adults 2018". Statista. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  31. ^ "Top 4 Benefits of Starting a Business in Vietnam". NNRoad. 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  32. ^ "Vietnam 2019 Census". Tongdieutradansovn (in Vietnamese). 2019-07-11.

Further reading

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  • Huy, Huynh Truong. "Economic perspectives of internal migration in Vietnam: A focus on the Mekong River Delta region" (Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium), 2012. online
  • Huynh Truong, Huy, and Nonneman Walter. "Push and pull forces and migration in Vietnam." (2012). online
  • UNFPA. "Internal migration in Vietnam: the current situation." (The United Nations Population Fund in Vietnam, 2007)
  • VGSO. "Migration and urbanization in Vietnam: patterns, trends and differentials in The 2009 population census" (Ha Noi, Vietnam: Statistical Publisher, 2010).
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