The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Europe and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (February 2024) |
Free-to-view (FTV) is a term used for audiovisual transmissions that are provided free without any form of continual subscription.[1] It differs from free-to-air (FTA) in that the program is encrypted.
Free-to-view vs. free-to-air
editThe free-to-view system contrasts with free-to-air (FTA), in which signals are transmitted in the clear, without encryption, and can be received by anyone with a suitable receiving dish antenna and DVB-compliant receiver (although these services can include proprietary encrypted data services such as an EPG that is only available to reception equipment made for, or authorised by, the FTA broadcaster). Free-to-view services are broadcast encrypted and can only be viewed with reception equipment that includes a suitable conditional-access module and viewing card, in the same way as a pay-TV satellite service. However, the FTV service viewing card is not subject to a continuing subscription payment for viewing the service's channels and may be available for a regular fee, a one-off payment or even for free.[citation needed]
Services which charge a regular fee for reception can still be considered free-to-view, and not pay-TV if the fee is not for the programming content but for the delivery. [disputed – discuss] For example, the HD+ service in Germany, which broadcasts HD versions of channels which are also available free-to-air in standard definition, defended its service fee saying it "is related to the reception of the offer and not to specific content, parts or packages of the offer".[2]
Commercial restrictions and targeting
editThe free-to-view system allows for restricting access based on location of the viewer. For example, in the UK prior to the launch of Astra 2D, UK channels broadcasting from the Astra 28.2°E satellites used a wide beam and could be received across Europe on small dishes. Those channels which were non-subscription but aimed at the UK only, or restricted from broadcasting outside the UK by way of programme rights (such as Channel 5) or governance (such as the BBC channels), were broadcast encrypted using Videoguard (as used by Sky (UK) for its pay-TV services) with viewing cards made available to UK residents only.[3]
The launch of Astra 2D with a broadcast beam narrowly aimed only at the UK and Ireland enabled UK channels to switch from broadcasting free-to-view to free-to-air, while maintaining their UK exclusivity. The decline of UK free-to-view in favour of narrow-beamed free-to-air has been gradual:
- The BBC's eight digital channels were encrypted under the scheme from their launch on digital satellite until 14 July 2003, when they became free-to-air.
- Shortly after this, ITV stated its intentions to go free-to-air eventually, and launched their newest channel, ITV3, in the clear on 1 November 2004.
- This was followed up by ITV moving its Men & Motors channel to FTA in July 2005.
- This gradual conversion was completed on 1 November 2005, with ITV1 and ITV2 going FTA. ITV's latest channel, ITV4, was launched at the same time, also as a free-to-air service. All the BBC and ITV channels at this time could be viewed FTA without any subscription or purchase from Sky.
- However, in June 2008, some ITV regional channels were encrypted again due to one of their narrow beam transponder agreements ending.
- In April, 2011, high definition Channel 4 HD moved from being a free-to-view channel to a free-to-air channel (when moving to a transponder on Eurobird).
- 1 December 2011, 5USA, 5USA+1, 5* and 5*+1 became free-to-air after moving to Astra 1N.
- 6 June 2012, Pick TV and Pick TV +1 became free-to-air.
- During October 2012, the final free-to-view regions of ITV1, ITV1 +1 and ITV1 HD became free-to-air.
- 25 March 2013, Viva went free-to-air.
- 28 October 2013, Channel 5 HD switched from free-to-view became a subscription channel on the Sky digital satellite platform and is no longer a channel.
- LFC TV switched from free-to-view to Sky subscription only.
- 7 February 2017, 4Music became free-to-air, although it reverted to being free-to-view on 12 December 2018, but later became free-to-air again on 1 February 2022.
The remaining channel aimed exclusively at the UK that use the Astra satellites at 28.2°E with a Europe-wide beam and remain free-to-view and encrypted is regions STV HD (Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh), London Live and they can be viewed with a Sky Videoguard receiver and a Sky viewing card, either an inactive former Sky pay-TV card or one for the Freesat from Sky package, bought for a one-off fee.[4]
Free-to-view networks
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2024) |
- Freesat from Sky
A UK satellite service from Sky (UK) offering 240 free-to-air and free-to-view TV channels and the Sky EPG, with a one-off payment for a Sky receiver, dish, installation and viewing card.[5]
A package of 21 high definition digital satellite TV channels for German-speaking viewers and a subsidiary company of satellite owner SES, with a monthly or annual fee for the viewing card.[citation needed]
Australian satellite television platform providing digital TV and radio services to remote and rural areas, and terrestrial black spots. VAST is partly funded by the Australian Government and requires a certified set-top box and viewing card.[citation needed]
- Fransat
A package of mostly HD channels broadcast to residents of France who cannot receive the digital terrestrial TV channels. Can be received all over Europe on Eutelsat 5WA, historical position for French free TV. Viewing card does not expire.[6]
Italian package of 68 free-to-air and free-to-view satellite channels for viewers unable to receive them on national terrestrial TV networks. Requires a Nagravision receiver and viewing card.[7]
- TNTSAT
Same as Fransat, TNTSAT broadcasts the all-HD channels from French free digital terrestrial television. TNTSAT is issued by Canal + group on its main position, Astra 1. Viewing card has to be renewed every 4 years. TNTSAT compatible equipment is also compatible with CANALSAT pay TV.[citation needed]
Russian satellite TV service partly operating within the free-to-view model.[citation needed]
- SAT HD Regional
A Brazilian satellite service from Grupo Globo.[8] Can be received all over Brazil on Star One D2.
- Nova Parabólica
A Brazilian satellite service from SKY Brasil.[9] Can be received all over Brazil on Sky Brasil-1 (also called Intelsat 32e).
- MagicTV
A Chilean satellite service from Ríos y Compañía SpA..[10] Can be received all over Chile on Hispasat 74W-1.
See also
edit- Free TV Alliance – European organisation promoting free-to-air and free-to-view TV
References
edit- ^ "A-Z of Satellite TV: F" What Satellite & Digital TV October 2012 pp37
- ^ Briel, Robert Kayser rebuffs critics of HD+ platform Broadband TV News 10 September 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2014
- ^ Bains, Geoff. "Flight of the Big Birds" What Satellite & Digital TV February 2012 pp29
- ^ List of Freesat from Sky channels. Retrieved 30 November 2014
- ^ "About us - Freesat". Freesat UK. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "FRANSAT - TV, TNT par satellite : toutes nos offres". www.fransat.fr. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "What tivùsat is". www.tivusat.tv. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "SATHD". redeglobo.globo.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "Nova Parabólica". www.novaparabolica.com.br. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "Quienes somos". magictv.cl. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2024.