Kosiv (Ukrainian: Косiв, IPA: [ˈkɔsiu̯]) is a city located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kosiv Raion (district). Kosiv hosts the administration of Kosiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 8,351 (2022 estimate).[2] Its distinctive ceramics were inscribed to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2021.
Kosiv
Косів Kosów | |
|---|---|
 Town Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
  Kosiv Location of Kosiv in Ukraine .svg) Kosiv Kosiv (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 48°18′54″N 25°05′43″E / 48.31500°N 25.09528°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast |
| Raion | Kosiv Raion |
| Hromada | Kosiv urban hromada |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 8,351 |
| Website | kosivmr |
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Names
editUkrainian: Косiв, German: Kossow,[3] Polish: Kosów, Romanian: Cosău, Yiddish: קאסאוו. From 1918 to 1945, the town, which at that time was part of the Second Polish Republic, was officially called Kosów Huculski.[4]
History
edit
Initially, a small Hutsul settlement with the remnants of a small castle destroyed by the Turks, Kosiv was founded on the Ribnica (river). The first written mention of it is in the Grant Charter of Lithuanian Duke Svitrigaila, on September 31, 1424.[citation needed] At that time, the village was in the territory of what is today Old Kosiv. In 1565, not far from modern-day Kosiv, Starosta of Sniatyn, Tenczynski founded a town named Rukiv (Polish: Rukow). Polish Crown Hetman Jerzy Jazlowiecki, the owner of Kuty, later destroyed it. Some years later, the town was recovered and named Kosiv (the earlier village of this name thus became Old Kosiv). Until 1772, Kosiv/Kosów was under Polish control.
As a result of the first of Partitions of Poland (Treaty of St. Petersburg dated 5 July 1772), Kosiv was attributed to the Habsburg Empire, as part of Austrian Galicia.[5]
Since 1867, Kosiv was the administrative center of the Kossow Bezirkshauptmannschaft (Austrian name of the district). In 1919, after the Great War, the area returned to Poland and was turned into a powiat seat within the Stanisławów Voivodship. In the Second Polish Republic, Kosów emerged as one of the most popular spas. The Kosów spa was founded in 1891 by doctor Apolinary Tarnawski. Here, in 1911, one of the first units of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association was created by Kazimierz and Witold Lutosławski, and Olga Drohnowska. Kosów Huculski, as it was called, attracted top names of the interbellum Poland. The spa was visited, among others, by Roman Dmowski, Ignacy Daszynski, Wojciech Korfanty, Gabriela Zapolska, Juliusz Osterwa, Maria Dabrowska, Melchior Wankowicz, Xawery Dunikowski, Karol Adwentowicz, Leon Schiller, Stanisław Dygat, Jozef Pankiewicz, and Lucjan Rydel.
In 1939, Kosów Huculski became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the Invasion of Poland. Here, in September 1939, the government of Poland crossed the Romanian border. Despite this pact, Kosiv was occupied by Nazi Germany from July 1, 1941, until April 2, 1944. After that time it was, again, a member of the Soviet Union, until the independence of Ukraine in 1991.[6]
At the beginning of World War II, around 3700 Jews lived in Kosiv. In October, 1941, the German security police, leading on Pidzamche street to the so-called "Town Mountain", rounded up and shot more than 2000 Jews, burning them in mass grave. In April 1942, the authorities forced 1000 Jews to move to Kolomyja, though some returned to Kosiv. In September, most of the remaining Jews in Kosiv were rounded up. Some were shot in Kosiv, 500 were sent to prison, and the rest sent to Kolomyja and from there to Belzec where they were immediately murdered. In October and November, the Jews left behind and in hiding were murdered in Kosiv. About 100 Kosiv Jews survived, some hiding with sympathetic local inhabitants, others by fleeing the area.[7][8]
The distinctive painted ceramics from Kosiv originated in the 1700s and reflect the history and culture of Hutsul people. They were inscribed to UNESCO's list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2021.[9]
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View of the city, before 1906 -
Market Square, 1939 -
Orthodox church, circa 1913 -
Old houses under Castle Hill, before 1939 -
Dr. Tarnawski's clinic, circa1930 -
Inhalation room and bathrooms, circa 1930 -
Medical spa, circa 1930 -
Fair, before 1939 -
Under Austrian Galicia province, the name was Kossow
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Geography
editLocation
edit- Local orientation
- Regional orientation
Today, the town of Kosiv borders on the towns and villages of Babyn, Horod, Smodna, Cherhanivka, Staryi Kosiv, Verbovets and Pistyn. The distance from the railroad station in Vizhnytsa is 12 kilometers, from Zabolotiv is 25 kilometers and from Kolomyia — 35 kilometers. Roads with all neighbouring districts connect the city. The total length of roads is 362 kilometers. 160 kilometers of these roads are paved.
Notable people
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2023) |
- Ivan Andreikanich – sculptor
- Natalka Andrusiv – Ukrainian opera singer
- Volodymyr Blavackiy – Ukrainian actor, director
- Vasyl Bovych – master wood carver
- Rostyslav Derzhypilsky - ukrainian theatre director and actor
- Menachem Mendel Hager – Hasidic rebbe
- Ostap Havrysch – Ukrainian composer
- Mykhailo Horboviy – painter, master wood carver
- Bogdana Matsotska – Ukrainian Olympic skier
- Volodymyr Kovalyuk – professional Ukrainian soccer player
- Myroslav Laiuk – writer
- Julian Jaworski – Polish scientist, deputy mayor of Kraków, deputy to the Sejm in 1961 – 1965
- Kazimierz Moklowski – Polish architect
- Tadeusz Moklowski – Polish chemist
- Illia Mykhavchuk – Ukrainian designer
- Anna Pavlyk – Ukrainian activist and writer
See also
edit- Kosov (Hasidic dynasty)
- Kosovo for places with similar names.
- Kosov for places with similar names.
Further reading
edit- Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). "Town Clips: Kosov." Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories . Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 415. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.
References
edit- ^ "Косовская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961, KOSSOW errichtet 1850.
- ^ "Poland - The Second Republic | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ "Poland - The First Partition | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ "German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact | History, Facts, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ "Kosów - Virtual Shtetl". Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II, 797–798. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ "UNESCO - Tradition of Kosiv painted ceramics". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
External links
edit- Kosiv in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Photographs of Jewish sites in Kosiv in the Bezalel Narkiss Index of Jewish Art, the Center for Jewish Art, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
- Photographs of Jewish sites in Kosiv in Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina
- Kosiv
- Kosow Jewish Cemetery documented at Jewish Galicia and Bukovina ORG
- Kosov/Kosiv (p. 415) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation.