Wikipedia

Mediterranean Games

For the most recent games, see 2022 Mediterranean Games. For the upcoming games, see 2026 Mediterranean Games.

The Mediterranean Games is a multi-sport event organised by the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM). It is held every four years among athletes from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Africa, Asia and Europe. The first Mediterranean Games were held in 1951 in Alexandria, Egypt, while the most recent games were held in 2022 in Oran, Algeria.

Mediterranean Games
Official logo of the Games
First event1951 Mediterranean Games in Alexandria, Egypt
Occur everyFour years
Last event2022 Mediterranean Games in Oran, Algeria
Next event2026 Mediterranean Games in Taranto, Italy
PurposeMulti-sport event for nations on the Mediterranean Sea
PresidentDavide Tizzano
Websitewww.cijm.org.gr Edit this at Wikidata

History

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The idea was proposed at the 1948 Summer Olympics by Muhammed Taher Pasha, chairman of the Egyptian Olympic Committee and vice-president of the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.), assisted by the Greek member of the I.O.C. Ioannis Ketseas.[1] Separate Mediterranean sports events preceded the games. From 1947 to 1949, the Mediterranean Athletics Championships were contested,[2][3] and the Mediterranean Cup football competition was held in 1949 and 1950.[4] The first official Mediterranean Games were held in Egypt in 1951.

The Games were inaugurated in October 1951, in Alexandria, Egypt, in honour of Muhammed Taher Pasha, with contests being held in 13 sports along with the participation of 734 athletes from 10 countries. In 1955, in Barcelona, during the II Games, the set up was decided of a Supervisory and Controlling Body for the Games, a kind of Executive Committee. The decisions were finally materialized on 16 June 1961, and the said Body was named, upon a Greek notion, ICMG (International Committee for the Mediterranean Games). Twelve countries have hosted the Mediterranean Games: four from Africa: Egypt (1951), Tunisia (1967, 2001), Algeria (1975, 2022) and Morocco (1983); six from Europe: Spain (1955, 2005, 2018), Italy (1963, 1997, 2009), Turkey (1971, 2013), Yugoslavia (1979), Greece (1991) and France (1993) and two from Asia: Lebanon (1959) and Syria (1987).

The first eleven games took place one year before the Summer Olympic Games. Since 1993, games have been held the year after the Olympic Games. This transition means that the only time the Mediterranean Games were not held four years after the previous Games was in 1993, when Languedoc-Roussillon in France hosted the Games just two years after Athens. In 2018, the Mediterranean Games calendar was reset again when Tarragona hosted the Games in the mid-even year between the Summer Olympic Games (and the same year as the FIFA Men's World Cup).

Description

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The Mediterranean Games, in terms of the preparation and composition of the National Delegation, are held under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee and the Hellenic Olympic Committee (HOC).

Athens is the permanent seat of the ICMG (regardless of who the President might be) and the committee's General Secretary is Greek. This comes as a further tribute to Greece, highlighting its leading role with regard to the function and strengthening of the institution. Except that Greece bailed out of its 2013 Mediterranean Games commitment when the two cities of Volos and Larissa were supposed to host the 2013 edition of the Games. But because of Greece's financial troubles, they had to give that up and the 2013 honors went instead to Turkey, with the city of Mersin rescuing the 2013 edition of the Games instead.

Participating countries

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Participating countries

At present, 26 countries participate in the games:[5]

Kosovo was accepted as a member of the International Committee of Mediterranean Games in October 2015 and participated for the first time in the 2018 Mediterranean Games in Tarragona, Spain.[6] One athlete representing the Vatican City participated in an unofficial ("non-scoring") manner in the women's half marathon event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games in Oran, Algeria.[7]

Of all the National Olympic Committees within the Olympic Movement bordering the Mediterranean Sea, Israel and Palestine have not participated in the games, nor has Great Britain who represents the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

In the case of Israel, Allen Guttman in The Games Must Go On argued that Israel's exclusion is both antisemitic and politically motivated due to antagonism towards Israel by the participating Muslim and Arab nations. The IOC's Avery Brundage was not supportive of Israel's desire to compete, saying: "I cannot understand why anyone wants to go where he is not wanted". The International Amateur Athletics Federation pushed the issue at the 1959 Mediterranean Games in Beirut by refusing to grant permission to hold an athletics competition unless Israel were allowed to compete. Lebanese games organizer Gabriel Gemayel conceded to this, but sidestepped the ruling by holding a parallel Lebanese Games comprising athletics events between the present nations alongside the official Mediterranean Games competitions.[8] In September 2023, European Olympic Committees president Spyros Capralos called on the International Committee of Mediterranean Games to open a discussion about admitting both Israel and Palestine as members.[9]

There are countries not bordering the Mediterranean Sea which nonetheless participate: Portugal, Andorra, Kosovo, San Marino, Serbia and North Macedonia. Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia were all formerly part of Yugoslavia, which competed until its breakup and dissolution.[citation needed]

The Hellenic Olympic Committee has suggested that nine more countries that do not satisfy geographic criteria could be allowed to participate, such as Bulgaria, and some Arab countries such as Jordan and Iraq.[citation needed] Portugal competed in the 2018 Mediterranean Games after a decision which approved Portugal as effective National Olympic Committee.[10][11]

Flag

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Flag of the Mediterranean Games

The symbol of the Mediterranean Games consists of three rings representing Asia, Africa and Europe, the three continents involved in this competition.[12] The rings dissolve in a wavy line in their lower part, as if they were immersed in the Mediterranean Sea. During the closing ceremony, the flag is transferred to the country of the city chosen to host the next Mediterranean Games.[12]

Hosts

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All host cities have been coastal and all but one on the Mediterranean coast (Casablanca is on the Atlantic coast).

 
Cities that have hosted the Games
No Year Host City Dates Opened by Nations Competitors Sports Events Top Country On
Medal Table
Men Women Total
1 1951   Alexandria 5 - 20 October Farouk I 10 734 --- 734 14 91   Italy
2 1955   Barcelona 15 - 25 July Francisco Franco 10 1135 --- 1135 20 102   France
3 1959   Beirut 11 - 23 October Fuad Chehab 11 792 --- 792 17 106   France
4 1963   Naples 21 - 29 September Antonio Segni 13 1057 --- 1057 17 93   Italy
5 1967   Tunis 8 - 17 September Habib Bourguiba 12 1211 38 1249 14 93   Italy
6 1971   İzmir 6 - 17 October Cevdet Sunay 14 1235 127 1362 18 137   Italy
7 1975   Algiers 23 August - 6 September Houari Boumédiène 15 2095 349 2444 19 160   Italy
8 1979   Split 15 - 29 September Josip Broz Tito 14 2009 399 2408 26 192   Yugoslavia
9 1983   Casablanca 3 - 17 September Hassan II 16 1845 335 2180 20 162   Italy
10 1987   Latakia 11 - 25 September Hafez al-Assad 18 1529 467 1996 19 162   Italy
11 1991   Athens 28 June - 12 July Konstantinos Karamanlis 18 2176 586 2762 24 217   Italy
12 1993   Languedoc-Roussillon 16 - 27 June François Mitterrand 19 1994 604 2598 24 217   France
13 1997   Bari 13 - 25 June Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 21 2166 790 2956 27 234   Italy
14 2001   Tunis 2 - 15 September Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 23[13] 1972 1019 2991 23 230   France
15 2005   Almería 24 June - 3 July Juan Carlos I 21 2126 1077 3203 27 258   Italy
16 2009   Pescara 25 June - 5 July Renato Schifani 23 2183 1185 3368 28 244   Italy
17 2013   Mersin 20 - 30 June Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 24 1994 1070 3064 27 264   Italy
18 2018   Tarragona 22 June - 1 July Felipe VI 26 2180 1468 3648 28 246   Italy
19 2022   Oran 25 June - 6 July Abdelmadjid Tebboune 26 2014 1284 3298 24 244   Italy
20 2026   Taranto 23 August - 3 September President of Italy (expected) Future Event
21 2030   Pristina 24 July - 4 August President of Kosovo (expected) Future Event
Notes

All-time medal table

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Medal Table 1951–2022

Rank Team Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
1   Italy 19 924 791 747 2462[14]
2   France 19 652 600 569 1821[14]
3   Turkey 19 384 269 314 967[14]
4   Spain 19 345 474 569 1388[14]
5   Greece 19 200 257 349 806[14]
6   Yugoslavia* 12 199 177 182 558[14]
7   Egypt 17 156 209 255 620[14]
8   Tunisia 17 89 101 159 349[14]
9   Algeria 15 86 76 131 293[14]
10   Morocco 17 72 90 116 278[14]
11   Croatia 8 57 69 79 205[14]
12   Slovenia 8 55 64 99 218[14]
13   Serbia 5 54 51 58 163[14]
14   Syria 17 32 42 76 150[14]
15   United Arab Republic** 1 23 21 30 74[14]
16   Cyprus 11 19 21 25 65[14]
17   Albania 10 11 19 18 48[14]
18   Lebanon 18 10 23 42 75[14]
19   Portugal 2 10 18 21 49[14]
20   Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 6 8 25 39[14]
21   Kosovo 2 6 1 3 10[14]
22   San Marino 10 5 10 8 23[14]
23   Montenegro 4 4 8 10 22[14]
24   North Macedonia 3 3 2 9 14[14]
25   Libya 13 2 1 14 17[14]
26   Malta 19 1 4 4 9[14]
27   Monaco 15 1 3 1 5[14]
28   Andorra 5 0 0 0 0[14]
29   Jordan*** 1 0 0 0 0[14]
Total 19 3408 3409 3914 10731

- Yugoslavia competed in 1997 and 2001 as FR Yugoslavia.[15]

- Serbia competed in 2005 as Serbia and Montenegro.

  • (*) Yugoslavia participated in the Games before its breakup and the establishment of the constituent republics
  • (**) The UAR included at the time Egypt and Syria
  • (***) Honorary participation in the MG Tunis 2001

Doping

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Changes by Doping:

  1. Nurcan Taylan - Weightlifting at the 2009 Mediterranean Games - 53 kg Women - 2 Gold
  2. Gülcan Mıngır - Athletics at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Results - 3000m Steeplechase Women - 1 Bronze

Competitions

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Throughout the history of the Mediterranean Games, 33 different sports have been presented.

Sport Years
  3x3 basketball Since 2018
  Archery Since 1971
  Athletics Since 1951
  Badminton Since 2013
  Basketball Since 1951
  Beach volleyball Since 2005
  Bocce Since 1997
  Boxing Since 1951
  Canoeing Since 1979
  Cycling Since 1955
  Diving Since 1951
  Equestrian Since 1955
Sport Years
  Fencing Since 1951
  Field hockey Since 1955
  Football Since 1951
  Golf Since 1983
  Gymnastics Since 1951
  Handball Since 1967
  Judo Since 1971
  Karate Since 1993
 Roller hockey Since 1955
  Rowing Since 1951
  Rugby union Since 1955
  Sailing Since 1955
Sport Years
  Shooting Since 1951
  Swimming Since 1951
  Table tennis Since 1971
  Taekwondo Since 2013
  Tennis Since 1963
  Volleyball Since 1959
  Water polo Since 1951
  Waterskiing Since 2009
  Weightlifting Since 1951
  Wrestling Since 1951

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "History of the Mediterranean Games". International Committee of Mediterranean Games. CIJM. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  2. ^ εφ. "Αθλητική Ημέρα", Μάιος 1935.
  3. ^ "Mediterranean Games". gbrathletics.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012. The Mediterranean Games were first held in 1951, although an unofficial Games was previously held in 1949.
  4. ^ Mediterranean Cup and Games. RSSSF. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
  5. ^ "Participating countries". pescara2009.it. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  6. ^ Kosovo accepted as member of International Committee of the Mediterranean Games.
  7. ^ "Vatican City primed for debut at Mediterranean Games". July 2022.
  8. ^ The games must go on: Avery Brundage and the Olympic movement, Allen Guttmann, page 225.
  9. ^ "Capralos calls on ICMG to open discussion on membership of Israel and Palestine". 13 September 2023.
  10. ^ "Participation of Portugal in the MG Tarragona 2017". cijm.org.gr. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  11. ^ "Portugal new member of the ICMG". cijm.org.gr. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  12. ^ a b "Mediterranean Games History". Mediterranean Games Site. 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
  13. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-28. Retrieved 2013-06-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Medals table per country and per Games".
  15. ^ "International Committee of the Mediterranean Games".
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