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Military Council of National Salvation

The Military Council of National Salvation (Polish: Wojskowa Rada Ocalenia Narodowego, abbreviated to WRON) was a military junta administering the Polish People's Republic during the period of martial law in Poland between 1981 and 1983. It was headed by General and First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party Wojciech Jaruzelski. It is also the only military junta to ever take charge of an Eastern Bloc nation, as all other contemporaries were headed by political communists rather than their military counterparts. Depending on the classification of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, Jaruzelski's rule (1981-1990) was also either the only one or one of two times in history where a communist nation was led by a career army commander.

Military Council of National Salvation
Wojskowa Rada Ocalenia Narodowego

Meeting of the Military Council of National Salvation on 14 December 1981
Agency overview
Formed13 December 1981 (1981-12-13)
Dissolved22 July 1983 (1983-07-22)
JurisdictionPolish People's Republic
MottoOcalimy ojczyznę naszą Polske
Agency executive
"WRONa, WRONa über alles", a political leaflet caricature from the 1980s. The "crow" is wearing sunglasses much like General Jaruzelski often did

The body was created on 13 December 1981, and was dissolved on 22 July 1983. It consisted of 21 members: fifteen generals, one admiral and five colonels. Among the most notable members were generals Wojciech Jaruzelski, Florian Siwicki, Michał Janiszewski and Czesław Kiszczak. One member, Lt. Col. Mirosław Hermaszewski, was included without his consent or knowledge.[1]

In the beginning of 1982, the Citizens' Committees of National Salvation were formed, composed mostly of PZPR members. In July 1982, they joined the newly formed Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth.

The lettering of the Polish acronym (WRON; wrona meaning a crow in Polish) was immediately picked up by those that the regime sought to repress and widely used in a form of non-violent opposition through jokes. One saying was that "orła wrona nie pokona" ('the crow won't defeat the eagle', a white eagle being the national symbol of Poland).[2]

In 2006, the Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation accused WRON members of committing a communist crime. On January 12, 2012, the Warsaw District Court upheld the indictment that WRON was an unlawful criminal armed enterprise which was formed and acted in violation of the Polish constitution.[3] According to the court, the conspiratory group consisted of Wojciech Jaruzelski, Czesław Kiszczak, Florian Siwicki and Tadeusz Tuczapski. Only Kiszczak was arraigned and convicted (4 years of imprisonment, halved under the amnesty, 5 years probation) and proceedings against the rest were suspended or discontinued due to poor health or death of the defendants.[4][5]

References

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  1. ^ S.A, Wirtualna Polska Media (4 August 2009). "Hermaszewski: działania Jaruzelskiego to łobuzerstwo". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Orła WRON-a nie pokona!". wydarzenia.interia.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Wyrok w procesie ws. stanu wojennego i jego ustne uzasadnienie - dokumentacja". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  4. ^ Narodowej, Instytut Pamięci. "Akt oskarżenia przeciwko Wojciechowi J., Tadeuszowi T., Stanisławowi K., Florianowi S., Czesławowi K., Emilowi K. Krystynie M.- M., Eugenii K., Tadeuszowi S." Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  5. ^ Gera, Vanessa (5 November 2015). "Czeslaw Kiszczak dies at 90; Polish leader thwarted, then accepted democracy". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 January 2023.

Sources

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