The Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Malay: Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia; abbrev: BERSATU or PPBM) is a nationalist political party in Malaysia.[1] The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia (Malay: Persatuan Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) and founded by members of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia. It is a major component of the Perikatan Nasional coalition.
Malaysian United Indigenous Party | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Malay name | Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia ڤرتي ڤريبومي برساتو مليسيا |
| Chinese name | 土著团结党 Tǔzhù tuánjié dǎng |
| Tamil name | மலேசிய ஐக்கிய மக்கள் கட்சி Malēciya aikkiya makkaḷ kaṭci |
| Abbreviation | BERSATU / PPBM |
| President | Muhyiddin Yassin |
| Secretary-General | Hamzah Zainudin |
| Deputy President | Ahmad Faizal Azumu |
| Vice-Presidents | |
| Youth Chief | Wan Ahmad Fayhsal |
| Women Chief | Rina Harun |
| Founders | |
| Founded | 7 September 2016[1][2] |
| Registered | 14 January 2017[3] |
| Legalised | 14 January 2017[4] |
| Split from | United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) People's Justice Party (PKR) (2020; Azmin Ali faction) |
| Preceded by | Persatuan Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (United Indigenous Association of Malaysia) |
| Headquarters | Tingkat 8, Menara Yayasan Selangor, No 18A Jalan Persiaran Barat PJS 52 46200 Petaling Jaya |
| Newspaper | MY BERSATU[5] Unofficial: MalaysiaNow |
| Think tank | Institut Masa Depan Malaysia |
| Youth wing | Armada BERSATU |
| Women's wing | Srikandi BERSATU |
| Women's youth wing | Srikandi Muda BERSATU |
| Membership (2023) | 600,667 (2023)[6] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Right-wing Historical: Centre-right |
| National affiliation | Pakatan Harapan (2017–2020) Perikatan Nasional (since 2020) |
| Regional affiliation | Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (2020–2022) |
| Colours | Red and white |
| Slogan | Bersatu, Beramanah, Bermaruah (United, Trustworthy, Dignified) |
| Anthem | Perjuangan Kita |
| Dewan Negara | 1 / 70
|
| Dewan Rakyat | 25 / 222
|
| State Legislative Assemblies | 58 / 611
|
| Chief ministers of states | 0 / 13
|
| Election symbol | |
 (except in Kelantan and Terengganu)  (only in Kelantan and Terengganu)[8] | |
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Website | |
| bersatu | |
Full membership in the party is limited to only Bumiputeras (indigenous communities of Malaysia). Non-Bumiputeras can join the party as associate members, who are not eligible to vote and contest party elections.[9]
History
editFormation
editOn 10 August 2016, former UMNO deputy president Muhyiddin Yassin submitted an application for the party's registration with himself as president, Mukhriz Mahathir as vice-president, and Mahathir Mohamad as chairman. BERSATU's formation was undertaken by former members of UMNO in opposition to the then-prime minister Najib Razak.[10]
On 12 November 2016, Mahathir announced that the party would join the Pakatan Harapan opposition coalition, which then consisted of Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the Democratic Action Party, and Parti Amanah Negara, pending the decision of the Malaysian Islamic Party, another opposition party. He expressed the need for a united opposition in order to defeat the incumbent Barisan Nasional government.[11][12] It officially joined the coalition on 13 December.[13]
Forming a Pakatan Harapan government
editThe 2018 general election saw the Pakatan Harapan coalition and its allies win 121 seats in the country's lower house of parliament, enough to form a majority government. BERSATU itself won 13 seats and garnered 5.9% of the vote. As the coalition's prime ministerial candidate,[14] Mahathir was sworn in as Malaysia's fourth prime minister at 93 years of age, becoming the world's oldest elected head of government.[15] Mahathir had previously held the position of prime minister from 1981 to 2003, during he led the Barisan Nasional coalition as leader of the United Malays National Organisation.[16]
In the aftermath of the election which ended Barisan Nasiona's 60-year-long rule over the country, members of parliament, state assemblymen, and senators defected from UMNO to BERSATU. They included high-ranking UMNO politicians such as Mustapa Mohamed and Hamzah Zainudin, with the latter claiming 36 Barisan Nasional members of parliament had signed a pledge supporting Mahathir.[17] The party also benefitted from an exodus of members from UMNO's Sabah chapter, from which it gained In total, the party gained an additional 12 members of parliament and two senators from May 2018 to February 2019.[18][19][20]
Collapse of Pakatan and formation of Perikatan Nasional
editThe government of Pakatan Harapan collapsed in February 2020 when Mahathir tendered his resignation as prime minister and the party announced its withdrawal from the coalition. This occurred against a backdrop of increasing tension within the coalition and speculation that Mahathir intended to form a new coalition that would exclude his designated successor, Anwar Ibrahim. With the loss of 26 members of parliament from BERSATU as well as an additional eleven members from Anwar's Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the coalition lost its majority in parliament.[21][22] The eleven rebel members of parliament, led by Azmin Ali, later joined the party.[23]
Mahathir had also resigned as party chairman, a decision which the party's supreme council rejected unanimously in an emergency meeting.[24][25] Pakatan Harapan member parties also announced their support for Mahathir to remain as prime minister despite his resignation.
The formation of a new coalition government began when BERSATU announced that they would nominate party president Muhyiddin Yassin as prime minister,[26] although a supreme council member claimed he had neither been invited to discuss or informed about the decision.[27] This was followed by declarations of support from the United Malay National Organisation, the Malaysian Islamic Party, Malaysian Chinese Association, and Malaysian Indian Congress.[28] The nomination faced pushback from youth leader Syed Saddiq, who objected to working with UMNO, suggesting a split within the party over Muhyiddin's candidacy.[29] This was further reinforced when Mahathir announced that he had the necessary support from Pakatan Harapan to return as prime minister and denied having supported Muhyiddin's bid for the position.[30]
Muhyiddin was sworn in as the country's eight prime minister on 1 March, leading the newly founded Perikatan Nasional coalition consisting of the United Malay National Organisation, Malaysian Islamic Party, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah, Homeland Solidarity Party, and BERSATU into government.[31][32]
In May, Mahathir Mohamad, Mukhriz Mahathir, Syed Saddiq, Maszlee Malik and Amiruddin Hamzah were expelled from the party after opting to sit with the opposition in parliament, citing a provision in the party's constitution that automatically revoked the membership of individuals who joined other parties.[33][34] Mahathir had initially sought to table a motion of no confidence against Muhyiddin during a one-day meeting of parliament, the first since the formation of the new government, but was prevented from doing so after Muhyiddin ordered the speaker to end proceedings immediately after the king's speech.[35]
In June, the party another lost a member of parliament when Shahruddin Md Salleh resigned from his position as Deputy Minister of Works and joined the opposition, referring to his decision to join the government as a "mistake".[36][37] However, independent member of parliament Syed Abu Hussin Hafiz, a former member of UMNO, would join the party a few days later.[38]
The party was embroiled in a scandal when it was revealed in June and July 2021 that two separate events involving party members had occurred sometime during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, with participants reportedly contravening the Malaysian movement control order, a lockdown imposed by the Malaysian government in response to the pandemic.[39][40][41]
Loss of majority in parliament
editTension within the Perikatan Nasional coalition government resulted in Muhyiddin's resignation as prime minister in August 2021. United Malay National Organisation president Ahmad Zahid Hamidi announced that the party would be withdrawing its support for the government in July 2021, but faced opposition from Ismail Sabri, the then-deputy prime minister, who led a faction within the party that continued to support Muhyiddin.[42] The split led to uncertainty as to whether Muhyiddin's government continued to possess a majority in parliament,[43] with Muhyiddin ultimately resigning on 16 August.[44] He was succeeded by Ismail Sabri on 21 August,[45] with BERSATU members being appointed in his cabinet.
List of leaders
editChairman
| Order | Name | Term of office | Remarks | Mandates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mahathir Mohamad | 7 September 2016 | 24 February 2020 | – | ||
| – | Muhyiddin Yassin | 24 February 2020 | 23 August 2020 | Acting | 1st (2020) | |
| Position abolished[46] | ||||||
President
| Order | Name | Term of office | Remarks | Mandates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Muhyiddin Yassin | 7 September 2016 | Incumbent | 1st (2020) 2nd (2024) | |
Deputy President
| Order | Name | Term of office | Remarks | Mandates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mukhriz Mahathir | 7 September 2016 | 28 May 2020 | – | |
| 2 | Ahmad Faizal Azumu | 23 August 2020 | Incumbent | 1st (2020) | |
| 3 | Hamzah Zainudin | TBD | 2nd (2024) | ||
Youth Chief
| Order | Name | Term of office | Remarks | Mandates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman | 7 September 2016 | 28 May 2020 | – | |
| 2 | Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal | 23 August 2020 | Incumbent | 1st (2020) | |
| 3 | Muhammad Hilman Idham | TBA | 2nd (2024) | ||
Leadership structure (2024-2027)
edit- President:
- Deputy President:
- Vice-president:
- Srikandi Chief:
- ARMADA Chief:
- Srikandi Muda Chief:
- Nurul Ezzati Azmi
- Associate Chief:
- Associate Vice Chief:
- Sanjeevan Ramakrishnan
- Supreme Leadership Council Members (elected):
- Ikmal Hisham Abdul Aziz
- Zainol Fadzi Paharudin
- Saifuddin Abdullah
- Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal
- Wan Saifulruddin Wan Jan
- Abu Bakar Hamzah
- Mohd Taufik Yaacob
- Zulkifli Bujang
- Sahruddin Jamal
- Mohamed Farid Mohamed Zawawi
- Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunus
- Mohamad Hanifah Abu Baker
- Rosol Wahid
- Muhamamd Affan Jumahat
- Lim Ting Khai
- Yunus Nurdin
- Mohd Yadzil Yaakub
- Asmawi Harun
- Afif Bahardin
- Muhammad Yadzan Mohammad
Youth Wing (ARMADA)
edit
|
|
Women Wing (SRIKANDI)
edit
|
|
Associate Wing (BERSEKUTU)
edit
|
|
Elected representatives
editDewan Negara (Senate)
editSenators
edit- Perlis State Legislative Assembly:
- Azahar Hassan
Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
editMembers of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament
editBERSATU has 25 members in the House of Representatives.
Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
editMalaysian State Assembly Representatives
edit
General election results
edit| Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Voting Percentage | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 13 / 222
|
52 | 718,648 | 5.95% |  13 seats; Governing coalition(Pakatan Harapan, later Perikatan Nasional) |
Mahathir Mohamad |
| 2022 | 35 / 222
|
87 (under PN) (Peninsular, Sarawak, and Beluran) 6 (under GRS) (Sabah except Beluran) |
2,196,236 | 14.16% | 21 seats; Opposition coalition (Perikatan Nasional) / Governing coalition (Gabungan Rakyat Sabah) |
|
State election results
edit| State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perlis | Kedah | Kelantan | Terengganu | Penang | Perak | Pahang | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Johor | Sabah | Sarawak | Total won / Total contested | |
| 2/3 majority | 2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
|
| 2018 | 0 / 15 |
5 / 36 |
0 / 45 |
0 / 32 |
2 / 40 |
1 / 59 |
0 / 42 |
6 / 56 |
0 / 36 |
2 / 28 |
8 / 56 |
24 / 104
| ||
| 2020 | 11 / 73
|
11 / 19
| ||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2 / 28
|
2 / 15
| ||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2 / 56
|
2 / 33
| ||||||||||||
| 2022 | 5 / 15
|
9 / 59
|
2 / 42
|
16 / 45
| ||||||||||
| 2023 | 11 / 36 |
6 / 45 |
5 / 32 |
4 / 40 |
12 / 56 |
2 / 36 |
40 / 82
| |||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Mazwin Nik Anis (8 September 2016). "Zahid: RoS approves Muhyiddin's party, will be known as PPBM". The Star. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ Azura Abas; Irwan Shafrizan Ismail; Zanariah Abd Mutalib (5 April 2018). "(Update) RoS slaps provisional dissolution order on PPBM". New Straits Times. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ the Sun Daily (14 January 2017). "Muhyiddin: PPBM officially registered to ROS and EC". the Sun Daily. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ the Sun Daily (14 January 2017). "ROS: PPBM has been legalised and approved to ROS and EC". the Sun Daily. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ "This apps information is from the official website of BERSATU (please see the bottom of the official website of BERSATU)". BERSATU.org. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
Muhyiddin: Sila muat turun aplikasi rasmi MyBERSATU seperti yang tertera di bahagian paling bawah laman web rasmi Parti BERSATU Malaysia
- ^ Iskandar Shah Mohamed (24 November 2023). "Ahli Bersatu kini 600,667 orang" (in Malay). Kosmo!. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ "BERSATU leader leave the party due to the rise of political islam narrative".
- ^ Nur Hasliza Mohd Salleh (22 October 2022). "Bersatu akan guna logo PAS di Kelantan" [PPBM will use the PAS logo in Kelantan] (in Malay). MalaysiaNow. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ Arfa Yunus (17 January 2018). "Syed Saddiq pledges to do away with PPBM's Bumiputera-centric position". New Straits Times. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ Leong, Trinna (10 August 2016). "Muhyiddin registers Mahathir's new party, Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia". The Straits Times.
- ^ Melissa Goh (12 November 2016). "'The only way to win is to unite and contest under one party': Mahathir". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ Sheridan Mahavera (16 November 2016). "By courting rural Muslims, has Malaysia's opposition found key to winning power for first time in 60 years?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ Hana Naz Harun (13 December 2016). "PPBM officially signs agreement to join Pakatan Harapan". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ Mohamed, Iskandar Shah (7 January 2018). "Mahathir calon PM Pakatan Harapan". Harian Metro.
- ^ "Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamad sworn in after shock comeback victory". BBC News. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ Teoh, Shannon (9 May 2018). "Malaysia GE: Opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan set to form govt after winning simple majority". The Straits Times.
- ^ "Hamzah: 36 BN MPs pledged support for Dr M". Malaysiakini. 14 December 2018.
- ^ Muguntan Vanar, Stephanie Lee and Natasha Joibi (12 December 2018). "Sabah Umno exodus sees nine of 10 Aduns, five of six MPs leave". The Star. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ KAOS, MAZWIN NIK ANIS and JOSEPH Jr. "Seven Umno MPs join Bersatu". The Star.
- ^ KOYA, MAZWIN NIK ANIS, MUGUNTAN VANAR and ZAKIAH. "Six more MPs leave Umno". The Star.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Teoh, Shannon (24 February 2020). "Mahathir resigns as Malaysian Prime Minister, PH loses majority after MPs leave". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ Regan, Helen (24 February 2020). "Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigns". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ "Azmin's gang now in Bersatu? President's aide says yes, but supreme council member says 'no clue'". Malay Mail. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ^ Muhammed Ahmad Hamdan (24 February 2020). "Bersatu holds emergency meeting after Dr M quits as chairman, PM". The Edge Markets. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Bersatu rejects Mahathir's resignation as party chairman". Channel Newsasia. 25 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ "Bersatu calonkan Muhyiddin Yassin sebagai PM Ke-8" [Bersatu nominate Muhyiddin Yassin as the 8th PM]. Astro Awani (in Malay). 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ^ "Muhyiddin didn't get party's blessing to be 8th PM, says Kadir Jasin". Free Malaysia Today. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ^ "Muafakat Nasional, MCA, MIC sokong Muhyiddin sebagai PM-8" [Muafakat Nasional, MCA, MIC support Muhyiddin as the 8th PM]. Astro Awani (in Malay). 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ^ "Bersatu's Syed Saddiq: I will never work with the corrupt to form a government". Malay Mail. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ "PH backs Dr M, who says he now has numbers to be PM". www.malaymail.com. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "Muhyiddin wakili Perikatan Nasional: GPS, STAR juga bersama?" [Muhyiddin representing Perikatan Nasional: Are GPS, STAR allies?]. Astro Awani (in Malay). 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ "Muhyiddin selesai angkat sumpah PM8" [Muhyiddin finished taking the 8th PM's oath]. Harian Metro (in Malay). 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "Mahathir and four others say their removal from Bersatu is illegal and reflects PM Muhyiddin's insecurities". The Straits Times. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ "Malaysian PM Muhyiddin defends removal of Mahathir and supporters from ruling Bersatu party". The Straits Times. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ "Former Malaysian PM Mahathir and supporters removed from ruling Bersatu party". The Straits Times. 28 May 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ "Deputy minister quits post to address 'mistake' of joining PN". Free Malaysia Today. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ Khairil Anwar Mohd Amin (19 July 2020). "Bersatu pecat Ahli Parlimen Sri Gading" [Bersatu sacked Sri Gading Member of Parliament]. Sinar Harian (in Malay). Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ AHMAD, SAIFULLAH (8 June 2020). "Saya masuk Bersatu bukan sebab jawatan: Syed Abu Hussin". Sinarharian.
- ^ "Bersatu event with dancing breached Covid-19 SOPs, cops confirm". Kini TV. 28 July 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ "Batu Pahat MP under police probe for alleged SOP breach with durian party (VIDEO)". 29 June 2021.
- ^ "Deputy Speaker on durian party: Yes, I did it". The Star. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Majority of Umno supreme council disagreed on withdrawing support for Muhyiddin: Ismail Sabri". The Straits Times. 10 July 2021. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "31 BN lawmakers to remain in Muhyiddin-led government until legitimacy is determined in Malaysian parliament". CNA. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Parzi, Mohd Nasaruddin (16 August 2021). "Muhyiddin letak jawatan Perdana Menteri". Berita Harian. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ Palansamy, Yiswaree (20 August 2021). "Agong appoints Ismail Sabri as Malaysia's ninth prime minister | Malay Mail". www.malaymail.com. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ "Bersatu mansuh jawatan pengerusi parti". Malaysiakini. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
External links
edit
Media related to Malaysian United Indigenous Party at Wikimedia Commons