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The Money Portal

Euro coins and banknotes

Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money are: medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment.

Money was historically an emergent market phenomenon that possessed intrinsic value as a commodity; nearly all contemporary money systems are based on unbacked fiat money without use value. Its value is consequently derived by social convention, having been declared by a government or regulatory entity to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for "all debts, public and private", in the case of the United States dollar.

The money supply of a country comprises all currency in circulation (banknotes and coins currently issued) and, depending on the particular definition used, one or more types of bank money (the balances held in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other types of bank accounts). Bank money, whose value exists on the books of financial institutions and can be converted into physical notes or used for cashless payment, forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries. (Full article...)

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An intelligent banknote neutralisation system (IBNS) is a security system, that is used by banks, ATMs, retail establishments, vending machines and the cash-in-transit industry, to render stolen funds un-useable and easily identifable. Dye packs are inserted between bills in random bundles. If a bundle containing a dye pack is removed from a specified area (ie. taken out of bank doors), it explodes, releasing an indelible ink dye and possible array of additional chemicals. The conspicuous bright color (usually red) stains on the bills, allow quick easy visual recognition of stolen money. Tracers and markers can also be added to the ink or bonding agent providing forensic evidence linking the criminal to the crime. Bonding agents (ie glues) have been used more recently.

Stained bills cannot be brought back into circulation easily, because they are visually and/or forensically linked quickly to the crime scene. Restricted procedures are globally in place in case of an attempt to exchange them at any financial institutions. (Full article...)

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The Polish złoty (alternative spelling: zloty; Polish: polski złoty, Polish: [ˈzwɔtɨ] ^ⓘ; abbreviation: zł; code: PLN) is the official currency and legal tender of Poland. It is subdivided into 100 grosz (gr). It is the most traded currency in Central and Eastern Europe and ranks 21st most-traded in the foreign exchange market.

The word złoty is a masculine form of the Polish adjective 'golden', which closely relates with its name to the guilder whereas the grosz subunit was based on the groschen, cognate to the English word groat. It was officially introduced to replace its predecessor, the Polish marka, on 28 February 1919 and began circulation in 1924. The only bodies permitted to manufacture or mint złoty coins and banknotes are Polish Security Printing Works (PWPW), founded in Warsaw on 25 January 1919, and Mennica Polska, founded in Warsaw on 10 February 1766. (Full article...)

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... that Adam Kincaid of the National Republican Redistricting Trust defended lowered competition in US House elections, arguing that the changes would save the party money?
... that in the span of three days, a Florida man was approved by bankruptcy courts to buy TV stations in Roanoke and Lynchburg, Virginia, and then arrested on charges of laundering millions in drug money?
... that Neha Pendse, the lead actress of the Marathi film June, contributed some of her own money towards its production?
... that Starbucks raised money for HIV/AIDS research using their red holiday cups?
... that Colin Stubs spent the prize money from his first international tennis title on an old Volkswagen to travel around Europe?
... that in 1919, Ukrainians were using regular-issue paper money issued in denominations of 0.30, 0.40, 0.90, 1.80, 3.60 and 18 hryvnias?
... that people are robbing Lebanese banks to get their own money back?
... that barley was once used as a form of money?

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The following are images from various currency-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Tibetan undated silver tangka (2nd half of 18th century) with eight times the syllable "dza" in vartula script,reverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 2Banknotes and coins (from Money)
Image 3Tibetan kong par tangka, dated 13-45 (= AD 1791),obverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 4Sino Tibetan silver tangka, dated 58th year of Qian Long era, obverse. Weight 5.57 g. Diameter: 30 mm (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 5Tibetan "gaden" Tangka, undated (ca. AD 1840), obverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 6Tibetan undated silver tangka (2nd half of 18th century) with eight times the syllable "dza" in vartula script,obverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 7A person counts a bundle of different Swedish banknotes. (from Money)
Image 8Tibetan undated silver tangka, struck in 1953/54, obverse. (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 9A 1914 British gold sovereign (from Money)
Image 10Undated Kelzang tangka (1910), obverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 11Tibetan undated silver tangka, struck in 1953/54, reverse. (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 12Sino Tibetan silver tangka, dated 58th year of Qian Long era, reverse. Weight 5.57 g. Diameter: 30 mm (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 13Money Base, M1 and M2 in the U.S. from 1981 to 2012 (from Money)
Image 14Gold coins are an example of legal tender that are traded for their intrinsic value, rather than their face value. (from Money)
Image 15Tibetan "gaden" Tangka, undated (ca. AD 1840), reverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 16Undated Kelzang tangka (1910), reverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 17Tibetan silver tangka with Ranjana (Lantsa) script, dated 15-28 (= AD 1894), reverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 18"Bent bar" minted under Achaemenid administration, Gandhara, c.350 BC. (from Punch-marked coins)
Image 19Banknotes of different currencies with a face value of 5000 (from Money)
Image 20Athens coin (c. 500/490-485 BC) discovered in Pushkalavati. This coin is the earliest known example of its type to be found so far east. (from Punch-marked coins)
Image 21Paper money from different countries (from Money)
Image 22A 640 BC one-third stater electrum coin from Lydia. According to Herodotus, the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coins. It is thought by modern scholars that these first stamped coins were minted around 650 to 600 BC. (from Money)
Image 23Song Dynasty Jiaozi, the world's earliest paper money (from Money)
Image 24Printing paper money at a printing press in Perm (from Money)
Image 25Tibetan silver tangka with Ranjana (Lantsa) script, dated 15-28 (= AD 1894), obverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 26A check, used as a means of converting funds in a demand deposit to cash (from Money)
Image 27A hoard of mostly Mauryan punch-marked coins (from Punch-marked coins)
Image 28Tenga of Muhammad Khudayar Khan, struck at the Kokand mint, dated 1862–1863 (from Kokand tenga)
Image 29Ancient Jewish coin, engraved menorah, from the Hasmoneon kingdom 37-40 BCE (from Money)
Image 30Punch-marked coins discovered from Chandraketugarh. (from Punch-marked coins)
Image 31US dollar banknotes (from Money)
Image 32President J. K. Paasikivi illustrated in a former Finnish 10 mark banknote from 1980 (from Money)
Image 33Tibetan kong par tangka, dated 13-45 (= AD 1791),reverse (from Tibetan tangka)
Image 34Huizi currency, issued in 1160 (from Money)