Soling

International Soling^[1]
	Solings downwind during the 2019 North American Soling Championship Kingston, Ontario
Development
Designer	LINGE-DESIGN,; Jan Herman LingeA/S
Location	Oslo, Norway
Year	1964
No. built	3441 registered (about 4500 build)
Design	One-Design
Brand	World Sailing
Builder(s)	over the years per country Rudder Yachts ltd.; Halvorsen, Morson & Gawland ltd.; Pamcraft ltd.; Abbott Boats ltd.; Elvstrøm Boats A/S; A/S Borresens Baadebyggeri; Playvisa; Vamos; Veneva O/Y; Dufour; Fontaine-Pajot; Norddeutsche Sportbootwerft; Bootswerft Leonard Mader GbR.; Tyler Boat Co.; Petticrow Boatyard; Petticrows Boatyard; Hartra; Crane Works; C.I.M.A.; Bianchi & Cecchi; Ishihara Dockyard Comp.; Ferro; H.V.M. NV; Soling Yachts A/S; Jan H. Linge A/S; RNYS; Jim MacKay Boats ltd.; T.P. Cookson; Gdansk Ship and Yacht Yard; Proderite ltd.; Polyform; Licencintorg; Gemico Corporation (O'day); Plastrend Corporation; Gemico-Marlow; Eichenlaub Boat Comp.; Most registered boats built by Abbott, Borresens and Elvstrøm.
Role	Open keelboat designed for Olympic/International regatta sailing. Also very suitable for recreational (regatta) sailing.
Name	International Soling
Boat
Crew	2 or 3
Displacement	Min: 1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
Draft	1.30 m (4.3 ft)
Trapeze	Droop hiking
Hull
General	8.185 m (26.85 ft)
Type	Monohull
Construction	Fiberglass
Hull weight	Min: 1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
LOA	Min: 8.170 m (26.80 ft); Max: 8.200 m (26.90 ft)
LWL	6.10 m (20.0 ft)
Beam	1.90 m (6.2 ft)
Engine type	None
Hull appendages
General	Keel, Rudder
Keel/board type	Fixed keel
Ballast	Min: 570 kg (1,260 lb); Max: 590 kg (1,300 lb)
Rudder(s)	Balanced spade
Rig
General	Bermuda rig with high aspect ratio jib
Rig type	Aluminum or Carbon fiber
Mast length	From deck: 9.2 m (30 ft)
Rig other	Genoa's and Gennaker's are no part of the sail inventory
Sails
General	Sails shall be constructed only of woven of fibers. Fibers other than those of polyester and non-aromatic polyamide are prohibited.
Sailplan	Sloop
Mainsail area	15.6 m2 (168 sq ft)
Jib/genoa area	8.1 m2 (87 sq ft)
Spinnaker area	Max: 45.0 m2 (484 sq ft); Min: 35.0 m2 (377 sq ft)
Upwind sail area	23.7 m2 (255 sq ft)
Downwind sail area	Max: 60.6 m2 (652 sq ft); Min: 50.6 m2 (545 sq ft)
Total sail area	68.7 m2 (739 sq ft)
Racing
Class association	International Soling Association
D-PN	82.3
RYA PN	914
PHRF	150 Lake Ontario
Former Olympic class
	[edit on Wikidata]

The Soling is an open keelboat that holds the World Sailing "International class" status.^[5] The class was used from the 1972 Olympics until the 2000 Olympics as "Open three-person keelboat". Besides the Olympic career of the Soling the boat is used for international and local regattas as well as for recreational sailing. The Soling is managed by the International Soling Association under auspician of World Sailing since 1968.

The Soling is a strong boat designed for any wind and sea condition by Jan Herman Linge from Norway in 1964.^[6] The boats are one-design originating from an authorized single plug and mould system and made of fiberglass. This together with a strict set of class rules makes competition possible on a "level playing field".^[1] Solings last a long time, and boats produced in the early days are still in competition today (more than 50 years after being built). At the 2019 North American Championship the fifth place was taken by the German team sailing a refurbished Soling which had been built in 1968.^[7] A characteristic sailing style for the Soling is the droop-hiking technique.

History

^[8]^[9]

1961: IYRU seeks new classes as companion/complement for the Olympic classes

The search was for four classes:

A companion class for the Finn
A complementary class to the Star
A complementary class to the 5.5 Metre and Dragon
A catamaran

1963: Announcement from The Class Policy Committee of the IYRU

After the announcement, Yachting started to gather design sketches for a three persons keelboat to be used in a presentation at the November IYRU meeting. Specs were not explicitly given however the boat should be a "wholesome boat capable of being sailed from port to port in open water". What IYRU wants is a nice compromise between maximum speed and maximum seaworthiness stated Yachting. The design of the Soling was made.

1965: A prototype of the Soling was ready and tested

After Jan Herman Linge and Finn Ferner were satisfied with the prototype (in wood) it was transformed into a plug to create a mould for production in fiberglass. At the IYRU November meeting trials for a new 3 persons keelboat were scheduled for 1966. During the winter of 1965/66 the first five fiberglass Soling's were built by Linge.

1966: 1st Trials at Kiel

Spring was used to test the five Solings. The trials were set for Kiel specially to test and compare the entries in heavy weather. The most races were won by a wooden Shillalah. After the trials two entries were recommended by the judges, The Shillalah and, shorter than all other competitor, the Soling. In November the IYRU decided that further trials would be held in Travemünde the following year.

1967: 2nd Trials at Travemünde

Some sixty boats were produced, sold and sailed in Scandinavia as a local class even before the trials took place. Trials were held with some new boats, a fiberglass Shillalah II and the Soling plus a Dragon and 5.5 Metre for speed reference. After the trials the Soling alone was recommended to the IYRU. This passed through IYRY unanimously in November and the Soling became an International class. In 1974 Shillalah II also got the International class status. Licensed builders were attracted. The International Soling Association (ISA) was established. The first president of the ISA became Eggert Benzon from Denmark.

1968: Olympic class

The Olympic status for the Soling arrived after the 1968 Olympics. IYRU decided that the 5.5 Metre had to make place for the Soling in the 1972 Olympics. Meanwhile, over 300 Solings were built in Norway, Denmark, the United States and Canada and more countries would follow. The first Soling European Championship was held in Skovshoved, Denmark and won by the team of Per Spelling from Norway.^[8] 75 sailors in 25 Solings did compete.

1969 – 1972: Solings first Olympiad

In this period the first Soling World Championship, 261 sailors in 87 Solings did compete, was won, off the coast of Copenhagen, by the team of Paul Elvstrøm, Niels Jensen and Poul Mik-Meyer.^[8] The team had put a lot of systems and hiking gear into their boat to make it sail faster. One of the techniques was the installation of a double bottom. This in combination with bailers made the boat self-bailing. This construction however was not legal. Before the first race of the Worlds holes had to be made into the raised floor to take away the unfair advantage. Later that year changes were made to the class rules so that racing floors/double bottoms, or as they are called officially "Cockpit Soles" became legal. The first winners of an Olympic Soling gold medal,^[10] Buddy Melges, Bill Allen and Bill Bentsen^[11] from the United States made the boat "Simple" by putting a lot of the systems below deck and removing the winches and shroud tracks. Also the first North American Championship was held on Lake Michigan in front of Milwaukee. 108 sailors in 38 Solings did compete. This event was won by the team of John Dane III, Mark LeBlanc and John Cerise.^[8] At the 1972 November meeting of the IYRU the Soling was appointed as Olympic class for the 1976 Olympics.

1973 – 1976: Solings 2nd Olympiad

Early 1972 Jack van Dyke from the United States became president of the ISA and he made sure that the Soling construction became under control. Then improvements were introduced one by one like hiking vests, mast steps rudders watertight compartments. The Soling became even more a one-design class. 1973 was crucial for the Soling in this respect. Poul Richard Høj Jensen, Valdemar Bandolowski and Erik Hansen from Denmark^[12] took the Gold medal during the 1976 Olympics in Kingston, Ontario.^[13] Over 2000 boats were built worldwide. Also due to the progression of the Soling the class was appointed as the Olympic three persons boat for the 1980 Olympics.

1977 – 1980: Solings 3rd Olympiad

The Numbers of build Solings stayed high under the presidency of Geert Bakker, the Netherlands. Due to the high level of National and local competition the Battle for Olympic selection became more and more intense. This meant that rules were implemented for World and continental championships to keep the large fleet events fair. The introduction of gate starts, and black flag procedures were lined out, tested and implemented. Ken Berkeley introduced match racing in the Soling. Poul Richard Høj Jensen, Valdemar Bandolowski and Erik Hansen,^[14] this time sailing under the flag of the IOC, became the 1980 Olympic Champions.^[15] The 1980 Summer Olympics were heavily hit by the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. The Soling was prolongated as the Olympic three persons boat for the 1984 Olympics.

1981 – 1984: Solings 4th Olympiad

Ken Berkeley, Australia took the role as ISA president in 1980. Most new boats were now built by Abbott Boats and Elvstrøm/Borresens Baadebyggeri with a few but fast exceptions from Bianchi & Cecchi and Bootswerft Leonard Mader. Major champions were held in North America, Europe and Australia. The level of competition remained very high. In 1983 Karl Haist from Germany became president of the ISA. The 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles,^[16] United States were won by the team of Robbie Haines, Ed Trevelyan and Rod Davis^[17] from the United States. This event was struck by the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott. Again, the Soling kept its Olympic status for the 1988 Olympics.

1985 – 1988: Solings 5th Olympiad

Karl Haist had two major objectives for his presidency: First he wanted a large Soling event in Eastern Europe. He succeeded in this by having the 1985 Soling European Championship held in Balatonfüred, Hungary and the 1986 Europeans in Warnemünde, East-Germany. The second objective, bringing the operational cost of the Soling down by reducing the number of sails during a championship, took more time. This rule was effectuated in March 1989.^[18] This rule change reduced the number of mainsails from 2 to 1 and the number of large spinnakers also back from 2 to 1. Shroud tracks were re-introduced on Solings. The 1988 Olympics were held in Busan, Korea.^[19] The Gold medals were won by the East Germany team of Jochen Schümann, Thomas Flach and Bernd Jäkel.^[20] The Soling status was prolonged as for the 1992 Olympics as the Fleet/Match racing class. In 1987 Sam Merrick became president of the ISA. In this period much was dune to make the Soling more unsinkable by Uli Strohschneider from Austria.

1989 – 1992: Solings 6th Olympiad

This period started with a failed World Championship. This was sailed in Balatonfüred, Hungary. On the first day there were heavy winds (up to 100 km/h), specially during the starting procedure. Out of 73 starters 43 made it to the first mark and only 29 boats made it to the finish! Many masts broke. NO BOATS SUNK!!!! in these extreme conditions. The next days there was hardly any wind. Only 4 races were completed, five are needed to constitute a championship.^[21] Sam Merrick was elected president in 1987. He made sure that although Match racing was introduced for the 1992 Olympics Fleet racing remained paramount so the Fleet/Match race was introduced at the 1992 Olympics. Gold was won by the Danish team of Jesper Bank, Jesper Seier and Steen Secher.^[22] This Fleet/Match race event was successful and so the Soling remained an Olympic class for another 4 years. Stuart Walker became president in 1991.

1993 – 1996: Solings 7th Olympiad

The Soling made the choice to introduce the "Pumping rule"^[23] as safety measure. This meant in general that the spinnaker guy could be pumped unlimited. President Stuart H. Walker did a lot of work to keep the number of teams in the Match race phase of the Olympics to six thus keeping Fleet racing paramount. The German team of Jochen Schüman, Thomas Flach and Bernd Jäkel^[24] won their second gold medal in the Soling during the 1996 Olympics. The Olympic status was prolonged to 2000.

1997 – 2000: Solings 8th Olympiad

György Wossala, Hungary became ISA president in 1995. The 1997 Worlds in Rungsted, Denmark did not produce enough races to constitute a valid championship due to weather conditions. Thunderstorms and large periods with no wind at all made it for the race organization impossible to get five race in. The sail plan of the Soling was modified on two points. The tolerances of the mini spinnaker were enlarged so that a more useful spinnaker could be created. Also, the top batten of the mainsail was lengthened so that profile of the top in the main could be better controlled and the lifetime of the sail was improved. Both improvements were initiated by Paul Davis. ISAF wanted to make Match racing more and more important at the Olympics. So for the 2000 Olympics only 16 Solings were eligible to compete in the Fleet race phase and 12 of them would move on to the Match race phase. The spectacular, popular and many times viewed finals^[25] were between the teams of Germany and Denmark. Both teams did barely make it into the Match race phase (resp. 10 and 12 place in the Fleet race phase). Finally the Danish team of Jesper Bank, Henrik Blakskjær and Thomas Jacobsen took the gold medal.^[26] During the ISAF 2000 mid-year it was decided that the Fleet/Match race event was prolonged for another four years. However, during the ISAF 2000 November meeting, the Soling was NOT re-elected as an Olympic class. There was no match racing on the Olympic agenda anymore until 2012 Olympics. In 1999 Tony Clare, Great Britain became president of the ISA.

2001 – 2006: Post-Olympic

However, despite the publicity that was generated for the Olympic sailing event by the fleet/Match race event it disappeared from the Olympic agenda for 2004. And the Soling had to face the fact that many of her top sailors had disappeared to other Olympic disciplines or had quit sailing in general within a few months. Another setback of the class was that Tony Clare was severely injured during a horseback riding incident. Rose Hoeksema, United States took over as president and did a good job of holding the International and National Soling sailors within the class as well as possible. Worlds and continental events were organized as usual and with sufficient participation. The third disaster struck in 2006 when the Abbott Boats ltd. Sarnia, Canada went up in flames.^[27] Borresens Baadebyggeri Denmark however started to build boats in a joint venture in Argentina to build Solings.

2007 – 2015: Solid International class

Johan Offermans, The Netherlands became president for an unprecedented 7 years. During his presidency he provided stimulation to pick up International travel again. Also, the preparations for the 50th anniversary of the class were started. Jan Herman Linge died at the age of 85 in Asker, Norway.^[28] In 2014 Peter Hall took over the presidency. The 50th anniversary of the class was celebrated during the 2015 World Championship in Castiglione della Pescaia, Italy. Over 135 competitors were present from 14 countries and three continents.^[29] The first production Soling "N 1" was on display at the harbor site. Soling production was renewed at the Petticrows Boatyard, United Kingdom.

2016 – Now: Introduction on carbon spars

In 2017 Michael Dietzel was elected president of the ISA. In 2017 it became clear that there were no longer vendors of suitable aluminum Soling spars any more world wide. Han van Veen, The Netherlands, created and executed a plan to introduce Carbon spars for the Soling. The objective was that the new masts would be cheaper and not lighter or faster than the aluminum masts. The first masts were produced by Ceilidh^[30] in The Netherlands and tested in 2018 they proved to be cheaper and equal to the original masts. The one-design of the Soling remain intact. The new mast were approved by World Sailing in 2019. In 2020 the Carbon boom and spinnaker pole were approved as well.^[1]^[31] In 2020 the Soling North American Championship in Annapolis, United States, the Friendship League Championship in Brazil and many other Soling regatta's world wide were postponed due to COVID-19.^[32]

Solings built

Over the years about 4500 Solings were built. About 3700 of them were registered. The growth in the late 1960s and early 1970s was high. Then it stabilized. Since 2000 hardly any boats were built.^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39]^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43]^[44]^[45]^[46]

Over the years the following 36 boat builders in 21 countries were licensed to build Solings:

Australia	Canada	Denmark	Spain	Finland	France	West Germany	Great Britain	East Germany	Hungary	Italy
AUS Halvorsen, Morson & Gawland ltd. Pamcraft ltd. Rudder Yachts ltd.	CAN Abbott Boats ltd.	DEN A/S Borresens Baadebyggeri Elvstrøm Boats A/S	ESP Playvisa	FIN Vamos Veneva O/Y	FRA Dufour Fontaine-Pajot	FRG Bootswerft Leonard Mader GbR. Norddeutsche Sportbootwerft	GBR Petticrow Boatyard Petticrows Boatyard Tyler Boat Co.	GDR Hartra	HUN Crane Works	ITA Bianchi & Cecchi C.I.M.A.
Japan	Mexico	Netherlands	Norway	New Zealand	Poland	South Africa	Switzerland	Soviet Union	United States
JPN Ishihara Dockyard Comp.	MEX Ferro	NED H.V.M. NV	NOR ^[47] Jan H. Linge A/S Soling Yachts A/S	NZL Jim MacKay Boats ltd. RNYS T.P. Cookson	POL Gdansk Ship and Yacht Yard	RSA Proderite ltd.	SUI Polyform	URS Licencintorg	USA Eichenlaub Boat Comp. Gemico Corporation (O'day) Gemico-Marlow Plastrend Corporation

Results of the major Soling regattas

Games

Olympic Games

Year v t e	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1972 Kiel details	United States (USA) Buddy Melges William Allen William Bentsen	Sweden (SWE) Stig Wennerström Stefan Krook Lennart Roslund Race 1 - 4 Bo Knape Race 5 & 6	Canada (CAN) David Miller Paul Côté John Ekels
1976 Kingston details	Denmark (DEN) Poul Richard Høj Jensen Valdemar Bandolowski Erik Hansen	United States (USA) John Kolius Walter Glasgow Richard Hoepfner	East Germany (GDR) Dieter Below Olaf Engelhardt Michael Zachries
1980 Tallinn details	Denmark (DEN) Poul Richard Høj Jensen Valdemar Bandolowski Erik Hansen	Soviet Union (URS) Boris Budnikov Aleksandr Budnikov Nikolay Polyakov	Greece (GRE) Tassos Boudouris Anastasios Gavrilis Aristidis Rapanakis
1984 Los Angeles details	United States (USA) Robbie Haines Ed Trevalyan Rod Davis	Brazil (BRA) Torben Grael Daniel Adler Ronaldo Senfft	Canada (CAN) Hans Fogh Steve Calder John Kerr
1988 Busan details	East Germany (GDR) Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	United States (USA) John Kostecki Bob Billingham William Baylis	Denmark (DEN) Jesper Bank Jan Mathiasen Steen Secher
1992 Barcelona details	Denmark (DEN) Jesper Bank Jesper Seier Steen Secher	United States (USA) Kevin Mahaney Jim Brady Doug Kern	Great Britain (GBR) Lawrie Smith Robert Cruikshank Ossie Stewart
1996 Savannah details	Germany (GER) Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Russia (RUS) Georgy Shayduko Dmitry Shabanov Igor Skalin	United States (USA) Jeff Madrigali Jim Barton Kent Massey
2000 Sydney details	Denmark (DEN) Jesper Bank Henrik Blakskjær Thomas Jacobsen	Germany (GER) Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski	Norway (NOR) Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland

Medal tally
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Denmark (DEN)	4	0	1	5
2	United States (USA)	2	3	1	6
3	Germany (GER)	1	1	0	2
4	East Germany (GDR)	1	0	1	2
5	Brazil (BRA)	0	1	0	1
	Russia (RUS)	0	1	0	1
	Soviet Union (URS)	0	1	0	1
	Sweden (SWE)	0	1	0	1
9	Canada (CAN)	0	0	2	2
10	Great Britain (GBR)	0	0	1	1
	Greece (GRE)	0	0	1	1
	Norway (NOR)	0	0	1	1
Totals (12 entries)		8	8	8	24

Pan American Games^[48]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1979 San Juan ^[49]	United States Dave Curtis David Barton Jamie McCreary	Brazil Eduardo Ramos	Canada Jim Beatty
1983 Caracas ^[50]	Brazil Torben Grael	Canada Bill Abbott Jr.	United States Dave Perry
1987 Indianapolis	United States	Canada	Brazil

Vintage Yachting Games

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2008 Medemblik	NED Rudy den Outer Leo Determan Ronald den Arend	Wildcard (NED) Steven Bakker Sven Coster Race 1–3 Dick Coster Race 4–6 Joost Houweling	GER Holger Weichert Laurent Scheel Martin Setzkorn
2012 Bellano	UKR Igor Yushko Serhiy Pichuhin Dmitriy Yarmolenka	NED Rudy den Outer Gavin Lidlow Ramzi Souli	AUT Peter Neumann Rudolf Rager Rudolf Hubauer
2018 Hellerup	NED Rudy den Outer Theo de Lange Gabor Helmhout	CAN Peter Hall Johan Offermans Gord de Vries	UKR Igor Yushko Serhiy Pichuhin Serhiy Ivansits

International ISA Trophies

World Championships

Fleet racing^[51]

Year v t e	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1969 Denmark Copenhagen details	Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Niels Jensen Poul Mik-Meyer	Sweden Pelle Petterson Crew not documented	United States Ding Schoonmaker Crew not documented
1970 United Kingdom Poole details	Sweden Stig Wennerström Stefan Krook Jan Lybeck	United States John Dane III Mark LeBlanc John Cerise	Great Britain John Oakeley Crew not documented
1971 United States Oyster Bay, New York details	United States Bob Mosbacher Thad Hutcheson Tom Dickey	United States Bruce Goldsmith Crew not documented	Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Valdemar Bandolowski Niels Jensen
1972	Not held due to Olympic Games
1973 France Quiberon details	Denmark Ib Ussing Andersen Jørgen Lindhasten Hans Winther	Denmark Poul Richard Høj Jensen Crew not documented	Sweden Stig Wennerström Stefan Krook Jan Lybeck
1974 Australia Sydney details	Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Hans Fogh Bruce McCurrach South Africa	Australia David Forbes Denis O'Neil John Anderson	Sweden Arved von Grünewaldt Tommy Nilsson Hjalmar Schibbye
1975 United States Chicago details	United States Bill Buchan Craig Thomas Joe Golberg	United States Buddy Melges Crew not documented	United States John Kolius Walter Glasgow Richard Hoepfner
1976	Not held due to Olympic Games
1977 Norway Hankø details	Canada Glen Dexter Andreas Josenhans Sandy MacMillan	Denmark Valdemar Bandolowski Jørgen Lindhasten Erik Hermann Hansen	Brazil Gastão Brun Vicente Brun Roberto Martins
1978 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Gastão Brun Vicente Brun Roberto Martins	Canada Glen Dexter Andreas Josenhans Sandy MacMillan	Canada Hans Fogh John Kerr Dennis Toews
1979 Sweden Visby details	United States Robbie Haines Rod Davis Ed Trevelyan	Denmark Poul Richard Høj Jensen Crew not documented	Sweden Stig Wennerström Crew not documented
1980 Puerto Rico Ponce details	Canada Glen Dexter Andreas Josenhans Sandy MacMillan	United States Robbie Haines Rod Davis Ed Trevelyan	United States Buddy Melges Crew not documented
1981 Italy Anzio details	Brazil Vincente Brun Gastão Brun Steven Bakker Netherlands	Greece Tassos Boudouris Antonios Bountouris Dimitrios Deligiann	Italy Gianluca Lamaro Valerio Romano Aurelio Dalla Vecchia
1982 Australia Fremantle details	Australia Mark Bethwaite Ian McDiarmid Glen Read	Australia William Packer Ian Campbell Robert Hardy	United States Dave Perry Brad Dellenbaugh Ed Travelyan
1983 United States Berkeley Circle details	United States Robbie Haines Vicente Brun Robert Kinney	United States Dave Curtis John Engel Wally Corwin	Australia Peter Gilmour Crew not documented
1984 Italy Torbole details	Denmark Valdemar Bandolowski Steve Calder Theis Palm	Soviet Union Boris Budnikov Gennadi Strakh Oleg Miron	East Germany Helmar Nauck Norbert Hellriegel Sven Diedering
1985 Canada Sarnia details	United States Dave Curtis John Engel Wally Corwin	Brazil Torben Grael Daniel Adler Ronaldo Senfft	United States John Kosteckil William Baylis Robert Billingham
1986 France La Trinite-sur-Mer details	United States John Kostecki William Baylis Robert Billingham	United States David Curtis John Engel Wally Corwin	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel
1987 West Germany Schilksee, Kiel details	East Germany Helmar Nauck Norbert Hellriegel Sven Diedering	United States John Kostecki William Baylis Robert Billingham	Soviet Union Georgy Shayduko Nikolay Polyakov Sergey Kanov
1988 Melbourne	United States John Kostecki William Baylis Bob Billingham	United States Dave Curtis Paul Murphy Wally Corwin	Australia Gary Sheard Crew not documented
1989 Hungary Balatonfüred	No champion decided due to insufficient wind conditions (less than 5 races)
1990 Medemblik	France Marc Bouet Fabrice Levet Alain Pointet	United States Kevin Mahaney James Brady Douglas Kern	East Germany Helmar Nauck Norbert Hellriegel Sven Diedering
1991 Rochester	United States Larry Klein Chris Redman Ron Rosenberg	Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	United States Kevin P. Mahaney James Brady Douglas Kern
1992 Cadiz	Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Denmark Jesper Bank Jesper Seier Steen Secher	Sweden Magnus Holmberg Björn Alm Johan Barne
1993 Phaleron	Greece Tassos Boudouris Dimitrios Deligiannis Leo Pelekanakis	Germany Albert Batzill Lang Eddy Eich	Spain Luis Doreste Domingo Manrique David Vera
1994 Helsingfors	Spain Manuel Doreste José Valades Juan Galmes	Denmark Jesper Bank Kræn Nielsen Thomas Jacobsen	United States Jeff Madrigali Kent Massey James Barton
1995 Kingston	Spain Luis Doreste Domingo Manrique David Vera	Sweden Magnus Holmberg Björn Alm Johan Barne	United States Matt Hayes Stephen McConaghy Barry Watson
1996 Punta Ala	Russia Georgy Shayduko Igor Skalin Dmitri Shabanov	Italy Mario Celon Torboli Nicola Celon	Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel
1997 Denmark Copenhagen	No champion decided due to insufficient wind conditions (less than 5 races)
1998 Milwaukee	Russia Georgy Shayduko Sergey Volchkov Pavel Komarov	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Volodymyr Korotkov Serhiy Timokhov	Italy Paolo Cian Pierluigi Colannino
1999 Melbourne	Denmark Stig Westergaard Jens Bojsen-Møller Bjørn Westergaard	Germany Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski	Netherlands Roy Heiner Peter van Niekerk Dirk de Ridder
2000 Murcia	United States Jeff Madrigali Hartwell Jordan Craig Healy	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Volodymyr Korotkov Serhiy Timokhov	Sweden Hans Wallén Magnus Augustson Johan Barne
2001 San Isidro	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernán Celedoni Maximo Smith	Argentina Luis Cerrato Federico Haymes Biedma Fabio Scarpati	Argentina Martín Busch Pablo Noceti Ismael Ayerza
2002 Marblehead	Canada Bill Abbott, Jr. Paul Davis William Abbott	United States Dave Curtis George Iverson Ben Richardson	United States Dave Franzel Dave Carlson Maximo Smith
2003 Balaton	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Sergej Timostschow Dmitri Jarowoj	Germany Thomas Maschkiwitz Christoph Sauerbier Knut Seelig	Germany Heiko Winkler Stefan Wenzel Jens Niemann
2004 Porto Alegre	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernán Celedoni Maximo Smith	Hungary George Wossala Leslie Kovacsi Pepe Nemeth	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Pinto Ribeiro Lucio Pinto Ribeiro
2005 Castiglioni della Pescaia	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Slovenia Boštjan Antončič Gennadi Strakh Zeljko Perovic	Hungary Balazs Gyenese Gyula Mónus Károly Vezér
2006 Annapolis	Canada Hans Fogh Roger Cheer Gordon Devries	Canada Peter Hall Philip Karrigan Jay Deakin	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Maximo Smith Miguel Lacour
2007 San Isidoro	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Pinto Ribeiro Lucio Pinto Ribeiro	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flávio Quevedo Andre Renard	Argentina Martin Busch Tomas Peuvrel Maximo Feldtmann
2008 Scarlino	Slovenia Boštjan Antončič Gennadi Strakh Karlo Hmeljak	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernán Celedoni Maximo Smith	Argentina Martin Busch Tomas Peuvrel Maximo Feldtmann
2009 Toronto	Canada Bill Abbott, Jr. Paul Davis Joanne Abbott	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Canada Peter Hall Phillip Kerrigan Gavin Flinn
2010 Porto Alegre	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernán Celedoni Maximo Smith	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flávio Quevedo Andre Renard
2011 Prien am Chiemsee details	Canada Peter Hall Paul Davis Phillip Kerrigan	Hungary George Wossala Károly Vezér Pepe Nemeth	Brazil Nelson Ilha Paulo Lemos Ribeiro Felipe Ilha
2012 Milwaukee	Canada Peter Hall Paul Davis William Hall	Canada Hans Fogh John Finch Gordon Devries	Canada Bill Abbott, Jr. Joanne Abbott Tom Freeman
2013 Balatonalmádi	Hungary Farkas Litkey Károly Vezér Csaba Weinhardt	Canada Peter Hall Paul Davis William Hall	Brazil Nelson Ilha Felipe Ilha Fernando Ilha
2014 Punta del Este	Canada Peter Hall Johan Offermans Netherlands William Hall	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flávio Quevedo Andre Renard	Argentina Martin Busch Eduardo Zimmermann Maximo Feldtmann
2015 Castiglione della Pescaia	Hungary Litkey Farkas Károly Vezér Weinhardt Csaba	Canada Bill Abbott, Jr. Joanne Abbott William Abbott	Austria Florian Felzmann Michael Felzmann Margund Schuh
2016 Kingston	Canada Bill Abbott, Jr. Joanne Abbott Scott McNeill	Brazil Nelson Ilha Manfredo Florick Gustavo Ilha	Canada Thomas Fogh Roger Cheer Gord Devries
2017 Muiden	Hungary Litkey Farkas Károly Vezér Gábor Oroszlán	Brazil Nelson Ilha Manfredo Flöricke Carlo de Leo	Ukraine Igor Yushko Serhiy Pichuhin Igor Severjanov
2018	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernán Celedoni Tomas Roldan	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Frederico Sidou Andre Renard	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Pinto Ribeiro Alexandre Mueller
2019 La Baule	Hungary Litkey Farkas Kristóf Joó Pepe Nemeth	Brazil Nelson Ilha Manfredo Flöricke Gustavo Ilha	Finland Eki Heinonen Gabor Helmhout Netherlands Ties Verploegh Netherlands
2020 Milwaukee	Postponed due to COVID-19 till 2021
2021 Milwaukee	Postponed due to COVID-19 till 2023
2022 Chiemsee	2 - 7 May Chiemsee Yacht Club Germany	No champion decided due to insufficient wind conditions (Zero races!)
2023 Milwaukee	17-23 September	Milwaukee Yacht Club	United States

Medal tally
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States (USA)	9	10	9	28
2	Canada (CAN)	9	5	4	18
3	Denmark (DEN)	5	5	1	11
4	Hungary (HUN)	4	2	1	7
5	Brazil (BRA)	3	7	6	16
6	Germany (GER)	3	5	2	10
7	Argentina (ARG)	3	3	5	11
8	Spain (ESP)	2	0	1	3
9	Russia (RUS)	2	0	0	2
10	Sweden (SWE)	1	2	5	8
11	Australia (AUS)	1	2	2	5
12	Ukraine (UKR)	1	2	1	4
13	Greece (GRE)	1	1	0	2
13	Slovenia (SLO)	1	1	0	2
15	East Germany (GDR)	1	0	3	4
16	France (FRA)	1	0	0	1
17	Italy (ITA)	0	1	2	3
18	Soviet Union (URS)	0	1	1	2
19	Austria (AUT)	0	0	1	1
	Finland (FIN)	0	0	1	1
	Great Britain (GBR)	0	0	1	1
	Netherlands (NED)	0	0	1	1
Totals (22 entries)		47	47	47	141

Match racing (Infanta Cristina)^[52]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1992 Cádiz	USA Kevin Mahaney Jim Brady Doug Kern	Not documented	Not documented
1993 Palaio Faliro	USA Larry Klein Wally Corwin Steve Burns	Not documented	Not documented
1994 Vallensbæk	SWE Per Ahlby Stefan Nordstrom Tony Lundberg	Not documented	Not documented
1995 Kingston	GBR Stuart Childerley Tim Powell Jeremy Fanstone	NOR Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland	DEN Stig Westergaard Jens Bojsen Møller Bjørn Westergaard
1996 Cádiz	SWE Magnus Holmberg Björn Alm Johan Barne	DEN Stig Westergaard Jens Bojsen-Møller Bjørn Westergaard	FRA Marc Bouet Gildas Morvan Sylvain Chtounder
1997	AUS Neville Wittey Josh Grace David Edwards	Not documented	Not documented
1998 Kralingen	GER Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski	NOR Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland	AUS Neville Wittey Josh Grace David Edwards
1999 Melbourne	SWE Hans Wallén Magnus Augustson Johan Barne	USA Jeff Madrigali Hartwell Jordan Craig Healy	NED Roy Heiner Peter Van Niekerk Dirk de Ridder
2000 Cádiz	DEN Jesper Bank Henrik Blakskjær Thomas Jacobsen	FRA Philippe Presti Pascal Rambeau Jean-Marie Dauris	GBR Andy Beadsworth Barry Parkin Mason

Medal Tally
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Sweden (SWE)	3	0	0	3
2	United States (USA)	2	1	0	3
3	Denmark (DEN)	1	1	1	3
4	Great Britain (GBR)	1	0	1	2
5	Germany (GER)	1	0	0	1
6	Norway (NOR)	0	2	0	2
7	France (FRA)	0	1	1	2
8	Australia (AUS)	0	0	1	1
8	Netherlands (NED)	0	0	1	1
Totals (9 entries)		8	5	5	18

Masters

Continental Championships^[53]

Australian Championships

Year v t e	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1969/70 Not documented	Australia C. Ryves Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1970/71 Not documented	Great Britain Rodney Pattisson Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1971/72 Not documented	Australia Robert Miller Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1972/73 Not documented	Australia John Bertrand Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1973/74 Not documented	United States John Coggan Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1974/75 Not documented	Australia Jim Hardy Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1975/76 Not documented	Australia David Forbes Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1976/77 City of Cockburn details	Australia KA 146 Noel Robins Crew not documented	Australia KA 133 Phil Susans Crew not documented	Australia KA 114 Tony Manford Crew not documented
1977/78 Sydney harbour details	Australia KA 147 Tony Manford Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1978/79 Port Lincoln details	Australia KA 150 John Bertrand Mark Fisher Tim Dorning	Australia KA 144 Mark Bethwaite Crew not documented	Australia KA 146 Noel Robins Crew not documented
1979/80 City of Lake Macquarie details	Australia KA 150 John Bertrand Mark Fisher Tim Dorning	Australia KA 144 Mark Bethwaite Ian MacDiarmid Garry Reid	Australia KA 147 Tony Manford Crew not documented
1980/81 Port Lincoln details	Australia KA 144 Mark Bethwaite Ian MacDiarmid Garry Reid	Australia KA 148 Syd Corser Ian MacDiarmid Garry Reid	Australia KA 146 Noel Robins Crew not documented
1981/82 Perth details	Australia KA 144 Mark Bethwaite Ian McDiarmid Glen Read	United States US 710 Dave Perry Brad Dellenbaugh Ed Travelyan	Australia KA 143 Peter Gilmour Crew not documented
1982/83 Adelaide details	Australia KA 144 Mark Bethwaite Ian McDiarmid Not documented	Australia KA 143 Peter Gilmour Lloyd Lissiman Not documented	Australia KA 152 John Savave Crew not documented
1983/84 Adelaide details	Australia Peter Gilmour Crew not documented	Australia Mark Bethwaite Crew not documented	Australia Willy Packer Crew not documented
1984/85 Port Lincoln details	Australia Peter Gilmour Crew not documented	Australia Gary Sheard Crew not documented	Australia Tony Manning Crew not documented
1985/86 Melbourne details	Australia Glen Collings Crew not documented	Australia Gary Sheard Crew not documented	Australia Andy Allsep Crew not documented
1986/87 Fremantle details	Australia KA 144 Glen Collings Crew not documented	Australia KA 159 Barry Waller Crew not documented	United States US 725 Stuart H. Walker Crew not documented
1987/88 Melbourne details	United States US 736 John Kostecki Robert Billingham William Baylis	Australia KA 170 Glen Collings Crew not documented	Australia KA 168 Bobby Wilmot Crew not documented
1988/89 Sydney details	Australia KA 45 Jamie Wilmot P. Gossing G. Crowie	Australia KA 169 Jim Hardy Warwick Anderson D. Hardy	Australia KA 142 Matt Hayes M. Wilson D. James
1989/90 Port Lincoln details	Australia KA 166 Andy Allsep Crew not documented	Australia KA 159 Murray Smith Crew not documented	Australia KA 165 Gary Cassidy Crew not documented
1990/91 Fremantle details	Australia Matt Hayes	Not documented	Not documented
1991/92 Manly Beach details	Australia Neville Wittey	Not documented	Not documented
1992/93 Not documented details	Australia Barry Waller	Not documented	Not documented
1993/94 Perth details	Australia Glen Tucker	Not documented	Not documented
1994/95 Melbourne details	Australia Cameron Miles	Not documented	Not documented

European Championships

Fleet racing^[54]

Year v t e	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1968 Denmark Skovshoved details	Norway Per Spilling Jim Mc Elvin Dag Blomdal	Netherlands Geert Bakker Crew not documented	Denmark Niels Bolt Jörgensen Crew not documented
1969 Sweden Sandhamn details	Sweden Arved von Grünewaldt Tommy Nilsson Anders Nordin	Sweden H. Kellner Crew not documented	West Germany Norbert Wagner Crew not documented
1970 Norway Hankø details	Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Poul Mik-Meyer Jan Kjærulff	Sweden Arved von Grünewaldt Tommy Nilsson Anders Nordin	Sweden Pelle Petterson Crew not documented
1971 West Germany Travemünde details	Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Flemming Jensen Valdemar Bandolowski	Soviet Union Timur Pinegin Valentin Zamotaykin Rais Galimov	Denmark Niels Bolt Jörgensen Crew not documented
1972 Denmark Skovshoved details	East Germany Roland Schwarz Lothar Köpsel Werner Christoph	United Kingdom John Oakeley Charles Reynolds Barry Dunning	Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Niels Jensen Valdemar Bandolowski
1973 Netherlands Medemblik details	East Germany Dieter Below Michael Zachries Olaf Engelhardt	Austria Uli Strohschneider Crew not documented	East Germany Roland Schwarz Lothar Köpsel Werner Christoph
1974 United Kingdom Firth of Clyde details	West Germany Willi Kuhweide Karsten Meyer Axel May	Denmark Poul Richard Høj Jensen Crew not documented	East Germany Roland Schwarz Lothar Köpsel Werner Christoph
1975 Italy Alassio details	Sweden Stig Wennerström Stefan Krook Lennart Roslund	East Germany Roland Schwarz Lothar Köpsel Werner Christoph	Italy Fabio Albarelli Leopoldo di Martino Guidotti
1976 Switzerland Geneva details	East Germany Dieter Below Michael Zachries Olaf Engelhardt	Denmark Poul Richard Høj Jensen Valdemar Bandolowski Erik Hermann Hansen	Austria Herbert Raudaschl Walter Raudaschl Rudi Mayer
1977 Greece Piraeus details	West Germany Fritz Geis Gerhard Fehlner Ernst Günter Beck	West Germany Willi Kuhweide Axel May Karsten Meyer	Denmark Valdemar Bandolowski Crew not documented
1978 West Germany Kiel details	Canada Hans Fogh John Kerr Dennis Toews	Canada Glenn Dexter Andreas Josenhans Sandy McMillan	East Germany Dieter Below Olaf Engelhardt Michael Zachries
1979 France La Rochelle details	Brazil Eduardo de Souza Manfred Kaufman Thomas Heiman	Netherlands Geert Bakker Pieter Keijzer Harald de Vlaming	Sweden Arved von Grünewaltdt Tommy Nilsson Anders Nordin
1980 Finland Helsinki details	Soviet Union Boris Budnikov Nikolay Polyakov Aleksandr Budnikov	West Germany Willi Kuhweide Eckart Loell Sebastian Ziegelmayer	Denmark Poul Richard Høj Jensen Valdemar Bandolowski Erik Hermann Hansen
1981 Austria Attersee (lake) details	Austria Michael Farthofer Christian Holler Georg Vartian	East Germany Jörg Hermann B. Becker O. Olbrich	West Germany Fritz Geis Richard Fricke Karl Fricke
1982 Denmark Dragør details	Canada Hans Fogh John Kerr Poul Richard Høj Jensen	Soviet Union Boris Budnikov Aleksandr Budnikov Nikolay Polyakov	Soviet Union Eugenij Kudriavtsev Crew not documented
1983 Netherlands Medemblik details	Canada Hans Fogh John Kerr (sailor) Steve Calder	Soviet Union Boris Budnikov Gennadi Strakh Oleg Miron	East Germany Helmar Nauck Norbert Hellriegel Sven Diedering
1984	Not held due to Olympic Games
1985 Hungary Balatonfüred details	Norway Terje Wang Jørn Petterson Tom Stian Selander	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Soviet Union Georgy Shayduko Sergej Kanov Nikolay Polyakov
1986 East Germany Warnemünde details	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Sweden Lennart Persson Eje Öberg Tony Wallin	Germany Thomas Jungblut Thomas Maschkiwitz Tim Kröger
1987 Sweden Karlshamn details	Soviet Union Georgy Shayduko Sergej Kanov Nikolay Polyakov	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Canada Hans Fogh Steve Calder Hank Lammens
1988 Italy Alassio details	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	United States John Kostecki William Baylis Bob Billingham	Denmark Jesper Bank Jan Mathiassen Steen Secher
1989 Norway Oslo details	Denmark Jesper Bank Jesper Seier Steen Secher	Soviet Union Sergey Pichuguin Gennadi Strakh Andrei Nikandrov	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel
1990 Germany Prien am Chiemsee details	France Marc Bouet Alain Pointet Fabrice Levet	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Netherlands Roy Heiner Ed van der Steene Yska Minks
1991 France La Baule details	United States Dave Curtis Brad Dellenbaugh Paul Murphy	Sweden Magnus Holmberg Björn Alm Johan Barne	East Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel
1992 Italy Torbole details	Sweden Per Åhlby Stefan Nordström Jan-Olov Sandberg	Austria Michael Luschan Stefan Lindner Georg Stadler	Sweden Magnus Holmberg Björn Alm Johan Barne
1993 Slovenia Portorose details	Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Germany Albert Batzill Peter Lang Eddy Eich	Norway Rune Jacobsen Erling Landsværk Thom Haaland
1994 Portugal Vilamoura details	Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Denmark Stig Westergaard Jens Bojsen-Møller Bjørn Westergaard	Australia Ian Walker Michael Peel Stephan Jackson
1995 Sweden Marstrand details	Denmark Jesper Bank Kræn Nielsen Thomas Jacobsen	Norway Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland	Australia Cameron Miles James Mayjor Chris Links
1996 Hungary Balatonfüred details	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Serhiy Khaindrava Volodymyr Korotkov	Austria Christian Binder Franz Fellner Volker Moser	Hungary György Wossala László Kovácsi Károly Vezér
1997 United Kingdom Troon details	Germany Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski	Great Britain Andy Beadsworth Barry Parkin Mason	Norway Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland
1998 Slovenia Izola details	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Volodymyr Korotkov Serhiy Timokhov	Russia Georgy Shayduko Sergey Voltshkov S. Kramskoy	Germany Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski
1999 Sweden Sandefjord details	Netherlands Roy Heiner Peter Van Niekerk Dirk de Ridder	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Volodymyr Korotkov Serhiy Timokhov	Germany Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski
2000 France La Rochelle details	Denmark Jesper Bank Henrik Blakskjær Thomas Jacobsen	Russia Georgy Shayduko Oleg Khopyorsky Andrei Kiriliuk	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Volodymyr Korotkov Serhiy Timokhov
2001 Austria Attersee (lake) details	Austria Christian Binder Nicky Fellner Volker Moser	Germany Heiko Winkler Stefan Wenzel Jens Niemann	Austria Carl Auteried Jr. Thomas Beclin Martin Kendler
2002 Italy Castiglione della Pescaia details	Austria Carl Auteried, Jr. Martin Kendler Thomas Beclin	Austria Markus Schneeberger Volker Moser Christian Panek	Hungary György Wossala László Kovácsi Károly Vezér
2003 Italy Torbole details	Hungary Gyenese Balázs Gyula Mónus Károly Vezér	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Germany Karl Haist Daniel Diesing Jacob Carsten
2004 Norway Tonsberg details	Austria Markus Schneeberger Volker Moser Christian Panek	Slovenia Boštjan Antončič Gennadi Strakh Zeljko Perovic	Norway Pål Christoffersen Karl Book Espen Kamperhaug
2005 Netherlands Medemblik details	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Hungary György Wossala Pepe Németh Károly Vezér	Norway Dag Usterud Arne Ottestad Eskil Sønju Le Bruyn Goldeng
2006 Hungary Balatonfüred details	Ukraine Serhiy Pichuhin Ivan Chehlatiy Serhiy Timokhov	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Austria Carl Auteried, Jr. Udo Moser Martin Kendler
2007 Norway Arendal details	Slovenia Boštjan Antončič Gennadi Strakh Serhiy Pichuhin	Germany Thomas Maschkiwitz Christian Öhler Kristof Wossala	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Maximo Smith Miguel Lacour
2008 Hungary Balatonfüred details	Hungary György Wossala Károly Vezér Pepe Németh	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Netherlands Johan Offermans Bas Dusee Dominik Meissner
2009 Italy Lovere details	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Austria Carl Auteried, Jr. Udo Moser Martin Kendler	Hungary György Wossala Peper Németh Károly Vezér
2010 France La Trinite sur Mer details	Hungary György Wossala Károly Vezér Pepe Németh	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Maximo Smith Hernan Celedoni
2011 Austria Attersee (lake) details	Germany Uwe Steingross Karsten Eller Tim Giesecke	United States Stuart H. Walker Georg Stadler Johannes Spitzk	Austria Johann Kahls Christian Kahls Ronnie Zeiler
2012 Denmark Arhus details	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Rodrigo Ferrés Miguel Lacour	Germany Karl Haist Martin Zeileis Patrick Wichmann	Netherlands Rudy den Outer Gavin Lidlow Ramzi Souli
2013 Italy Castiglione della Pescaia details	Ukraine Igor Yushko Serhiy Pichuhin Dmitriy Yarmolenka	Germany Roman Koch Maxl Koch Gregor Bornemann	United States Charlie Kamps Jeremy McMahon Toby Kamps
2014 Italy Saint-Pierre-Quiberon details	Germany Uwe Steingross Karsten Eller Tim Giesecke	Canada Peter Hall Steve Lacey William Hall	Netherlands Rudy den Outer Gavin Lidlow Ramzi Souli
2015 Germany Grünau (Berlin) details	Germany Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Ingo Borkowski & Bernd Jäkel (last race)	Hungary Litkey Farkas Károly Vezér Gabor Croszlan	Ukraine Igor Yushko Sergey Pichugin Igor Severianov
2016 Austria Ebensee am Traunsee details	Austria Christian Binder Klaus Kratochwill Christian Feichtinger	Hungary Litkey Farkas Joo Kristoff Gabor Croszlan	Canada Peter Hall Steve Lacey William Hall
2017 Italy Riva del Garda details	Hungary Litkey Farkas Károly Vezér Csaba Weinhardt	Austria Florian Felzmann Michael Felzmann Margund Schuh	Ukraine Igor Yushko Serhiy Pichuhin Igor Severianov
2018 Hungary Alsóörs details	Hungary Sándor Varjas László Kovácsi Gábor Meretei	Hungary György Wossala Peter Németh Christoph Wossala	Hungary Annamária Sabján Bea Majoross András Bajusz
2019 Italy Torbole details	Finland Eki Heinonen Gabor Helmhout Mathias Heinonen	Hungary Sándor Varjas László Kovácsi Gábor Meretei	Austria Florian Felzmann Michael Felzmann Markus Gnan
2020 Germany Warnemünde details	Not held due to COVID-19
2021 Spain Santander details	Rescheduled and relocated due to COVID-19
2021 Italy Mandello del Lario details	Netherlands Rudy den Outer Theo de Lange Ramzi Souli	Hungary Sándor Varjas László Kovácsi Gábor Meretei	Hungary György Wossala Károly Vezér Christoph Wossala
2022 Austria Attersee (lake) details	Austria Florian Felzmann Stephan Beurle Michael Felzmann	Hungary Sándor Varjas László Kovácsi Gábor Meretei	Austria Christian Spiessberger Max Reisinger Gerhard Schlipfinger

Medal table

1968 - 2022
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Germany	8	9	3	20
2	Austria	6	6	6	18
3	Hungary	6	6	5	17
4	East Germany	5	5	6	16
5	Sweden	4	4	3	11
6	Denmark	4	3	4	11
7	Ukraine	4	1	3	8
8	Canada	3	2	2	7
9	Soviet Union	2	4	2	8
10	West Germany	2	2	5	9
11	Netherlands	2	2	4	8
12	Norway	2	1	4	7
13	United States	1	2	1	4
14	Slovenia	1	1	0	2
15	Argentina	1	0	2	3
16	Brazil	1	0	0	1
	Finland	1	0	0	1
	France	1	0	0	1
19	Great Britain	0	2	0	2
19	Russia	0	2	0	2
21	Australia	0	0	2	2
22	Italy	0	0	1	1
Totals (22 entries)		54	52	53	159

Medal Tally
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Germany (GER)	8	9	3	20
2	Austria (AUT)	5	6	5	16
2	Hungary (HUN)	5	6	5	16
4	East Germany (GDR)	5	5	6	16
5	Sweden (SWE)	4	4	3	11
6	Denmark (DEN)	4	3	4	11
7	Ukraine (UKR)	4	1	3	8
8	Canada (CAN)	3	2	2	7
9	Soviet Union (URS)	2	4	2	8
10	West Germany (FRG)	2	2	5	9
11	Netherlands (NED)	2	2	4	8
12	Norway (NOR)	2	1	4	7
13	United States (USA)	1	2	1	4
14	Slovenia (SLO)	1	1	0	2
15	Argentina (ARG)	1	0	2	3
16	Brazil (BRA)	1	0	0	1
	Finland (FIN)	1	0	0	1
	France (FRA)	1	0	0	1
19	Great Britain (GBR)	0	2	0	2
19	Russia (RUS)	0	2	0	2
21	Australia (AUS)	0	0	2	2
22	Italy (ITA)	0	0	1	1
Totals (22 entries)		52	52	52	156

Match racing^[55]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1993 Kralingen	NOR Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland	Not documented	Not documented
1994 Starnberg	GER Markus Wieser Maxl Koch Roman Koch	Not documented	Not documented
1995 Torbay	GBR Andy Beadsworth	NOR Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland	GBR Stuart Childerley
1996 Balaton Held September 1995	GER Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel	Not documented	Not documented
1997 St. Gilgen	GER Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski	UKR Sergey Pichuguin Dmitriy Yarovoy Sergey Timokhov	NOR Herman Horn Johannessen Paul Davis Espen Stokkeland
1998 Torbole	GER Jochen Schümann Gunnar Bahr Ingo Borkowski	ESP Luis Doreste Domingo Manrique David Vera	UKR Sergey Pichuguin Volodymyr Korotkov Sergey Timokhov
1999 Input needed	Input needed	Input needed	Input needed
2000 Input needed	Input needed	Input needed	Input needed

North American Championship

Year v t e	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1969 United States Milwaukee details	United States US 95 John Dane III Mark LeBlanc John Cerise	United States US ? Dick Stearns Richie Stearns Bruce Goldsmith	United States US 179 Gordon Lindemann Not documented
1970 United States Houston details	United States US 437 Dave Curtis Robbie Doyle Ken Cormier	United States US ? Gerald Rumsey Not documented	United States US 57 Don Bever Not documented
1971 United States Los Angeles details	United States US 504 Robert Mosbacher Thad Hutcheson Tom Dickey	United States US 57 Don Bever Not documented	United States US 414 Lowell North Not documented
1972 United States Oyster Bay details	United States US 575 Dave Curtis Joanne Curtis John Rousmaniere John Nystedt	United States US 379 Dean Mathews Not documented	United States US 349 John Wolcot Not documented
1973 Canada Toronto details	Canada KC 84 Sid Dakin John Dakin Peter Crowler	United States US 232 Jim Coggan Not documented	United States US 564 Jon Ford Not documented
1974 United States Milwaukee details	United States US 576 John Kolius Richard Hoepfner Bill Hunt	Australia KA 128 David Forbes John Anderson Denis O'Neil	United States US ? Jon Ford Not documented
1975 United States Rochester details	Australia KA 128 David Forbes John Anderson Denis O'Neil	Canada KC 146 Sid Dakin Not documented	Australia KA 39 Malcolm Anderson Not documented
1976 United States Seattle details	United States US 593 Carl Buchan Mara Buchan Peter Scorett	United States US 627 Bill Engle Not documented	United States US 296 Maurice Rattray Not documented
1977 United States Oyster Bay details	Canada KC 151 Hans Fogh Dennis Toews John Kerr	United States US 686 Buddy Melges Not documented	United States US 661 Joachim Shulz-Heik Not documented
1978 United States Newport Beach details	United States US 707 Robbie Haines Ed Trevelyan Vince Brun	Canada KC 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Not documented	United States US 700 Buddy Melges Not documented
1979 United States Houston details	Canada KC 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Bill Abbott Sr. Phil Bissel	United States US 712 Bill Allen Will Perrigo Brian Porter	United States US 697 Charlie Kamps Bob Penticoff Bill Blackett
1980 United States Chicago details	United States US 712 Bill Allen Dale Hoffman Brian Porter	Canada KC 1 Bill Abbott, Jr. Bill Abbott, Sr. Larry Abbott	Canada KC ? Hans Fogh Not documented
1981 Canada Sarnia details	Brazil BL 42 Torben Grael Daniel Adler Ronaldo Senfft	Canada KC 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Not documented	Canada KC 169 Hans Fogh Not documented
1982 United States San Francisco details	United States US 745 Ed Baird Larry Klein Tucker Edmundson	United States US 710 Dave Perry Brad Dellenbaugh Trevor	United States US 747 Robbie Haines Ed Travelyan Rod Davis
1983 United States Rochester details	United States US 757 Buddy Melges Buddy Melges III Hans Melges	United States KC ? Hans Fogh Not documented	United States KC ? Peter Hall Andreas Josenhans Not documented
1984 United States Oyster Bay details	Canada KC ? Hans Fogh Dennis Toews Steve Calder	United States US ? Brian Porter Not documented	Canada KC 1 Bill Abbott, Jr. Not documented
1985 United States Milwaukee details	Canada KC 176 Hans Fogh Steve Calder Rob Maru	United States US 706 John Kostecki Bob Billingham William Baylis	United States US 758 Brian Porter Not documented
1986 Canada Kingston details	Canada KC 176 Hans Fogh Steve Calder Rob Maru	United States US 777 Dave Curtis Not documented	United States US 769 Gerard Coleman Peter Coleman Paul Coleman
1987 United States Santa Cruz details	United States US 736 John Kostecki Robert Billingham William Baylis	United States US 793 Ed Baird Not documented	United States US 772 Kevin Mahaney Not documented
1988 United States Wilmette details	United States US 787 Kevin Mahaney Lance Mahaney Jim Brady	Canada KC 185 Jim Beatty Not documented	United States US 725 Stuart H. Walker Not documented
1989 United States Annapolis details	United States US 787 Kevin Mahaney Jim Brady Doug Kern	United States US 786 Dave Curtis Not documented	Canada KC 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Not documented
1990 United States Tiburon details	United States US 786 Dave Curtis Brad Dellenbaugh Robert Billingham	New Zealand KZ 16 Tom Dodson Not documented	United States US 787 Kevin Mahaney Jim Brady Doug Kern
1991 United States Chicago details	United States US 772 Kevin Mahaney Jim Brady Doug Kern	United States US 787 John Kostecki Robert Billingham William Baylis	Canada KC 182 Paul Thomson Stuart Flinn Philip Gow
1992 United States Houston details	United States US 801 Larry Klein Wally Corwin Steve Burns	United States US 811 Peter Coleman Paul Coleman Not documented	Canada KC 196 Bruce Clifford Chris Tattersall Bruce Hitchner
1993 United States Rochester details	United States USA 801 Larry Klein Wally Corwin Steve Burns	United States USA 811 Jeff Madrigali Jim Barton Kent Massey	Canada CAN 201 Hans Fogh Philip Gow Palter
1994 United States Oyster Bay details	Canada CAN 201 Hans Fogh Thomas Fogh Simon van Wonderen	United States USA 823 Jeff Madrigali Jim Barton Kent Massey	United States USA 811 Peter Coleman Paul Coleman Not documented
1995 United States San Francisco details	United States USA 823 Jeff Madrigali Jim Barton Kent Massey	United States USA 820 Dave Curtis Not documented	United States USA 803 Don Cohan Not documented
1996 United States Marblehead details	United States USA 823 Jeff Madrigali Jim Barton Kent Massey	Denmark DEN 111 Stig Westergaard Jens Bojsen-Møller Jan Eli Andersen	Germany GER 307 Jochen Schumann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel
1997 United States Wilmette details	United States USA 820 Dave Curtis Moose McKlintock Karl Anderson	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Joanne Abbott Brad Boston	United States USA 831 Tony Rey Burnham Dean Brenner
1998 United States Rochester details	United States USA 823 Jeff Madrigali Craig Healy Hartwell Jordan	Canada CAN 214 Hans Fogh Thomas Fogh Michener	United States USA 831 Tony Rey Burnham Dean Brenner
1999 Canada Etobicoke details	United States USA 820 Dave Curtis Frank Hart Dean Brenner	Canada CAN 224 Hans Fogh Not documented	Japan JPN 34 Kobun Kuramichi Not documented
2000 United States Annapolis details	United States USA 848 Chris Larsen Karl Anderson Dave Moffett	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Goyette Not documented	United States USA 772 Jeff Gladchun Norris Smith
2001 United States Milwaukee details	United States USA 740 Kent Heitzinger Mike Tennity Bill Santos	Not documented	Not documented
2002 United States Wilmette details	United States USA 845 Jörgen Johnsson Martin Johnsson Mike Leslie	United States USA 832 Charlie Kamps Jon Bailey Charley Tollefsen	United States USA 740 Kent Heitzinger Mike Tennity Bill Santos
2003 United States Milwaukee details	United States USA 845 Jörgen Johnsson Martin Johnsson Augi Hernandez	United States USA 807 Joe Hoeksema Rose Hoeksema Michael Wolf	United States USA 832 Charlie Kamps Vytas Kasniunas Len Deliceat George Petritz
2004 United States Plattsburgh details	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Sarah Tucker Jim Turvey	United States USA 831 Peter Galloway Greg Anthony Paul Steinborn	United States USA 839 Stuart H. Walker Chris Brown Bruce Empey
2005 Canada Etobicoke details	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Joanne Abbott Brad Boston	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh Roger Cheer John Kerr	Canada CAN 212 Bruce Clifford Chris Tattersall Matt Abbott
2006 United States Milwaukee details	United States USA 845 Jörgen Johnsson Martin Johnsson Augi Hernandez	United States USA 840 Jim Medley Marc Hulburt Chris Roberts	United States USA 832 Charlie Kamps Vytas Kasniunas Jon Bailey
2007 United States Wilmette details	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh Roger Cheer Gord Devries	United States USA 845 Jörgen Johnsson Martin Johnsson Augi Hernandez	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Mike Parsons Jami Allen
2008 Canada Toronto details	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh Roger Cheer Gord Devries	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Philip Kerrigan T. Park	Canada CAN 211 Kevin Brown Mark Bird Stephen Jones
2009 United States Plattsburgh details	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Philip Kerrigan Gavin Flynn	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh Roger Cheer Gord Devries	United States USA 839 Stuart H. Walker Bruce Empey Doug Loup
2010 Canada Bath details	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh Roger Cheer Gord Devries	United States USA 839 Stuart H. Walker Bruce Empey Doug Loup	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Philip Kerrigan Ross Findlater
2011 United States Milwaukee details	Canada CAN 226 Manfred Kanter Blair Tully Tom Freemann	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Philip Kerrigan Mike Parsons	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh John Kerr Gord Devries
2012 Canada Kingston details	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Paul Davis Will Hall	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh John Finch Gord Devries	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Joanne Abbott Scott Banford
2013 United States Plattsburgh details	Canada CAN 230 Hans Fogh Ross Findlater Gord Devries	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Joanne Abbott Scott Banford	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Steve Lacey Will Hall
2014 Canada Port Stanley details	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Paul Davis Will Hall	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Joanne Abbott Larry Abbott	Canada CAN 230 Thomas Fogh Ross Findlater Gord Devries
2015 United States Wilmette details	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Will Hall Steve Lacey	Canada CAN 230 Thomas Fogh Ross Findlater Gord Devries	Germany GER 11 Michael Dietzel Tim Schutte Hannes Ramoser
2016 Canada Sarnia details	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Paul Davis Joanne Abbott	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Will Hall Ross Findlater	Canada CAN 230 Thomas Fogh Roger Cheer Gord Devries
2017 United States Milwaukee details	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Will Hall Gord Devries	Germany GER 11 Michael Dietzel Hannes Ramoser Connor Clafin	United States USA 816 Ross Richards Patrick Richards Drew Kosmoski
2018 Canada Montreal details	Canada CAN 231 Manfred Kanter Anne Marie Willan Gord Devries	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Joanne Abbott Scotty McNeil	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Will Hall Steve Lacey
2019 Canada Kingston details	Netherlands NED 33 Rudy den Outer Theo de Lange Thies Bosch	Canada CAN 1 Bill Abbott Jr. Paul Davis Joanne Abbott	Canada CAN 225 Peter Hall Will Hall Scotty McNeil
2020 United States Annapolis	Postponed due to COVID-19 till 2021
2021 United States Annapolis	Again postponed due to COVID-19 till 2022
2022 United States Annapolis details	Canada CAN 255 Peter Hall John Bailey Antoine Pacarar	Germany GER 11 Michael Dietzel Martin Zeileis Hannes Ramoser	United States USA 845 Dave Baum Cate Muller Brian Lennie
2023 Canada Hamilton details

Medal table

Countries
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States	27	25	28	80
2	Canada	22	21	19	62
3	Australia	1	1	1	3
4	Brazil	1	0	0	1
4	Netherlands	1	0	0	1
6	Germany	0	2	2	4
7	Denmark	0	1	0	1
7	New Zealand	0	1	0	1
9	Japan	0	0	1	1
Totals (9 entries)		52	51	51	154

South American Championship

Year v t e	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1971 Argentina Buenos Aires details	Argentina Horatio Campi Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1972 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Gastão Brun Crew not documented	Brazil Ivan Pimentel Crew not documented	Brazil Axel Schmidt Crew not documented
1973 Argentina Buenos Aires details	Argentina Ricardo Boneo Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1974 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Gastão Brun Crew not documented	Brazil Erik Schmidt Axel Schmidt Not documented	Brazil Harry Adler Crew not documented
1975 Argentina Mar del Plata details	Argentina Ricardo Boneo Héctor Campos Hugo Arazi	Spain Juan Costas Humberto Costas Felix Anglada	Argentina Pedro Ferrero Andrés Robinson Jorge Rão
1976 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Gastão Brun	Not documented	Not documented
1977 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Augusto Barrozo Carlos Brito Sergio Nascimento	Netherlands Geert Bakker Ken Berkeley Australia Daniel Adler Brazil	Brazil Fernando Nabuco R. Nabuco J. Zarif
1978 Argentina Buenos Aires details	Brazil Fernando Nabuco Crew not documented	Argentina Pedro Ferrero Crew not documented	Argentina A. Zucolli Crew not documented
1979 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Vicente Brun Not documented	Argentina Pedro Ferrero Not documented	Argentina A. Zucolli Not documented
1980 Argentina Río de la Plata Rio de Janeiro details	United States Jim Coggan Pedro Ferrero Argentina Alberto Llorens Argentina	Argentina Claudio Fassardi Jose Atencio Miguel Fisher	Argentina Ricardo Boneo Santiago Austin Pablo Campos
1981 Not Sailed
1982 Not Sailed
1983 Brazil Rio de Janeiro details	Brazil Torben Grael Daniel Adler Ronaldo Senfft	Brazil Augusto Barrozo A.A. Guarischi R. Kaufmann	Brazil Reinaldo Conrad C. Bieckard C. Rittscher
1984 Argentina Buenos Aires details	Brazil Augusto Barrozo Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1985 Argentina Buenos Aires details	Argentina Horatio Pettamenti Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1986 Uruguay Punta del Este details	Argentina Horatio Pettamenti Crew not documented	Not documented	Not documented
1987 Uruguay Punta del Este details	Brazil Augusto Barrozo Crew not documented	Argentina Guillermo Castro Crew not documented	Uruguay Bernd Knuppel Crew not documented
1988 Not sailed
1989 Not sailed
1990 Brazil Armação dos Búzios details	Brazil Jose Paulo Dias Daniel Adler N. Palcão	Brazil Reinaldo Conrad Ralph Conrad Roberto Skuplik	Brazil J. King L. Carlos F. Simão D. Wilcox
1991 Punta del Este
1992 Not sailed
1993 Not sailed
1994 Not sailed
1995 Not sailed
1996 Not sailed
1997 Paranaguá	Brazil Alan Adler Crew not documented	Brazil Jose Paulo Dias Crew not documented	Brazil Luciano Oliveira Crew not documented
1998 Armação dos Búzios	Brazil Jose Paulo Dias Alessandro Gioia Daniel Glomb	Brazil Alan Adler Marcelo Ferreira Daniel Adler	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lucio Ribeiro
1999 Paranaguá	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Matias Collins Maximo Smith	Brazil Alan Adler Marcelo Ferreira Daniel Glomb	Brazil Jose Paulo Dias Ronaldo Senfft Daniel Adler
2000 Porto Alegre	Brazil Alan Adler Crew not documented	Uruguay Ricardo Fabbini Crew not documented	Brazil Daniel Glomb Crew not documented
2001 Buenos Aires	Argentina Martin Busch Pablo Noceti Ismael Ayerza	Argentina Miguel Saubidet Cristian Petersen Lucas Petersen	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernan Celedoni Maximo Smith
2002 Porto Alegre	Brazil Alexandre Paradeda Caio Vergo Andre Gick	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Santiago Jost Maximo Feldtmann	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro
2003 Porto Alegre	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernan Celedoni Maximo Smith	Argentina Martin Busch Pablo Noceti Andres Ezcurra	Brazil Daniel Glomb Andre Gick Caio Vergo
2004 Porto Alegre	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Brazil Daniel Glomb Andre Gick Caio Vergo	Brazil Ernesto Neugebauer Lucas Ostergren Adrion Santos
2005 Punta del Este	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Erich Mones Ruiz Maximo Smith	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Martin Busch Pablo Noceti Maximo Feldtmann
2006 San Isidro	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Hernan Celedoni Maximo Smith	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Martin Busch Pablo Noceti Maximo Feldtmann
2007 Porto Alegre	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Maximo Feldtmann Maximo Smith	Brazil Andre Wahrlich Andre Gick Henrique De Lorenzi
2008 Punta del Este	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Nicolas Maximo Smith	Argentina Martin Busch Diego Weppler Juan Pedro Masseroni
2009 Colonia del Sacramento	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Maximo Feldtmann Maximo Smith	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Martin Busch Diego Weppler Zimermann
2010 Punta del Este	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Andre Renard Flávio Quevedo	Brazil Guilherme Roth Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Santiago Nottebohm Pablo Araujo Lucas Tumulty
2011 Buenos Aires	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Eduardo Coulon Maximo Smith	Argentina Alberto Zanetti Gerardo Della Torre Ricky Homps	Argentina Pablo Despontin Pablo Noceti Ezequiel Fernandez Sasso
2012 Punta del Este	Brazil Andre Wahrlich Manfredo Floricke Leonardo Gomes	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Federico Calegari Juan Lago
2013 San Isidro	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Argentina Pablo Despontin Pablo Noceti Ezequiel Fernandez Sasso	Argentina Gustavo Warburg Eduardo Coulon Maximo Smith
2014 Porto Alegre	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flavio Quevedo Andre Renard	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Brazil Nelson Ilha Gustavo Ilha Carlo de Leo
2015 San Isidro	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flavio Quevedo Andre Renard	Argentina Martin Busch Eduardo Zimermann Maximo Feldtmann	Brazil Kadu Bergenthal Eduardo Cavalli Renan Oliveira
2016 Porto Alegre	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flavio Quevedo Andre Renard	Brazil Kadu Bergenthal Eduardo Cavalli Renan Oliveira	Brazil Nelson Ilha Gustavo Ilha Carlo de Leo
2017 Rio Grande	Brazil George Nehm Marcos Ribeiro Lúcio Ribeiro	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flavio Quevedo Andre Renard	Brazil Kadu Bergenthal Eduardo Cavalli Renan Oliveira
2018 Fray Bentos	Brazil Dennis Koch Manfredo Floricke Pedro Ilha	Brazil Kadu Bergenthal Eduardo Cavalli Renan Oliveira	United States Matias Collins Tomas Morgan Mariano Cambon
2019 Punta del Este	Brazil Cicero Hartmann Flavio Quevedo Andre Renard	Brazil Kadu Bergenthal Vilnei Goldmeier Philipp Chtmann	Brazil Nelson Ilha Manfredo Flöricke Pedro Ilha
2020 Darsena

Medal tally
Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Brazil (BRA)	26	18	18	62
2	Argentina (ARG)	12	12	13	37
3	United States (USA)	1	0	1	2
4	Uruguay (URU)	0	1	1	2
5	Netherlands (NED)	0	1	0	1
5	Spain (ESP)	0	1	0	1
Totals (6 entries)		39	33	33	105

Soling World Trophy

Year	Country	Sailors	Note
1985	United States	William Baylis, Robert Billingham, John Kostecki	^[56]
1986	East Germany	Thomas Flach, Bernd Jäkel, Jochen Schümann	^[57]
1987	Soviet Union	Sergey Kanov, Nikolai Poliakov, Georgy Shayduko	^[58]
1988	United States	William Baylis, Robert Billingham, John Kostecki	^[59]
1989	East Germany	Thomas Flach, Bernd Jäkel, Jochen Schümann	^[60]
1990	East Germany	Sven Diedering, Norbert Hellriegel, Helmar Nauck	^[61]
1991	East Germany	Thomas Flach, Bernd Jäkel, Jochen Schümann	^[62]
1992	Denmark	Jesper Bank, Steen Secher, Jesper Seier	^[63]
1993	Germany	Albert Batzill, Peter Lang, Eddy Eich	^[64]
1994	Sweden	Per Ahlby, Stefan Nordstrom, Tony Lundberg	^[65]
1995	Sweden	Björn Alm, Johan Barne, Magnus Holmberg	^[66]
1996	Germany	Thomas Flach, Bernd Jäkel, Jochen Schümann	^[67]
1997	Russia	Georgy Shayduko, Igor Skalin, Sergei Volchkov	^[68]
1998	Ukraine	Serhiy Pichuhin, Volodymyr Korotkov, Sergiy Timokhov	^[69]
1999	Netherlands	Roy Heiner, Peter van Niekerk, Dirk de Ridder	^[70]
2000	Germany	Gunnar Bahr, Ingo Borkowski, Jochen Schümann	^[71]
2001	No Ranking System In Place
2002	Austria	Carl Auteried, Jr., Thomas Beclin, Martin Kendler	^[72]
2002	Germany	Roman Koch	^[72]
2003	Hungary	Gyenese Balazs, Monus Gyula, Károly Vezér	European Winners^[73]
	Brazil	George Nehm, Marcos Ribeiro, Lucio Ribeiro	South American Winners^[73]
	United States	Stuart H. Walker	North American Winner^[73]
2004	Hungary	László Kovácsi, Pepe Németh, György Wossala	^[74]
2005	Germany	Maxl Koch	^[75]
2006	Germany	Roman Koch	^[76]
2007	Hungary	Pepe Németh, György Wossala	^[77]
2008	Hungary	Károly Vezér, György Wossala	^[78]
2009	Germany	Maxl Koch, Roman Koch	^[79]
2010	Germany	Maxl Koch, Roman Koch	^[80]
2011	Germany	Karl Haist	^[81]
2012	Hungary	György Wossala	^[82]
2013	Canada	Peter Hall	^[83]
2014	Canada	Peter Hall, Will Hall	^[84]
2015	Hungary	Károly Vezér	^[85]
2016	Canada	Peter Hall	^[86]
2017	Ukraine	Serhiy Pichuhin, Igor Yushko, Igor Severianov	^[87]
2018	Hungary	Sándor Varjas	^[88]
2019	Austria	Martin Zeileis	^[89]
2020	No Ranking due to COVID-19
2021	Austria	Martin Zeileis	^[90]
2022	Austria	Martin Zeileis

Country ranking (1985 - present)

The following table shows the countries in order of number of times winning the ranking list.

Ranking	Country	Winning
1	Germany	8
2	Hungary	7
3	Austria	4
3	East Germany	4
4	Canada	3
4	United States	3
7	Sweden	2
7	Ukraine	2
9	Brazil	1
	Denmark	1
	Netherlands	1
	Russia	1
	Soviet Union	1

Winners of national championships

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[NAC2019-7] Collins, Matias (ed.). "North American Championship / CORK, Kingston 07/08/2019 To 11/08/2019. / Rk=1.5". soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

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[COVID-19-32] "North American Championship important update" (Text). 2020.

[Guide1970-33] "Soling Guide 1970" (PDF). 1970.

[Guide1971-34] "Soling Guide 1971" (PDF). 1971.

[Guide1972-35] "Soling Guide 1972" (PDF). 1972.

[Guide1973-36] "Soling Guide 1973" (PDF). 1973.

[Guide1974-37] "Soling Guide 1974" (PDF). 1974.

[Guide1975-38] "Soling Guide 1975" (PDF). 1975.

[Guide1976-39] "Soling Guide 1976" (PDF). 1976.

[Guide1977-40] "Soling Guide 1977" (PDF). 1977.

[Guide1978-41] "Soling Guide 1978" (PDF). 1978.

[Guide1981-42] "Soling Guide 1981" (PDF). 1981.

[Guide1984-43] "Soling Guide 1984–87" (PDF). 1984.

[Guide1988-44] "Soling Guide 1984–87" (PDF). 1988.

[Guide1992-45] "Soling Guide 1992–96" (PDF). 1992.

[Guide1996-46] "Soling Guide 1996-00" (PDF). 1996.

[SolingGuide1996-47] Reed, Dinny, ed. (1996). "National Champions" (PDF). The International Soling Association GUIDE. Vol. 1996–2000, no. 1. International Soling Association. pp. 13–16.

[PanAmGames-48] "Pan American Games (Soling)". sports123.com. Sports 123. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

[SolingSailing6-3-49] Lee, Bruce, ed. (1979). "PAN AMERICAN GAMES" (PDF). International Soling Association. p. 4.

[SolingSailing10-3a-50] Lee, Bruce, ed. (1983). "PAN AM GAMES" (PDF). International Soling Association. p. 3.

[SolingWorlds-51] "World champions fleet racing". sports123.com. Sports 123. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[InfantaChristina-52] "World Champions Match racing". www2.sailing.org. World Sailing. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[ContinentalChampions-53] "Continental Champions". www2.sailing.org. World Sailing. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[EuropeanChampionsFleetRace-54] "European Champions Fleetrace". sports123.com. Sports 123. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[EuropeanChampionsMatchRace-55] "European Champions Matchrace". Soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[RL1985-56] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "1985 Soling World Trophy – General Score". Soling Sailing. Vol. 14, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 15.

[RL1986-57] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1986 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 14, no. 5. International Soling Association. p. 5.

[RL1987-58] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1987 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 16, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 15.

[RL1988-59] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1988 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 17, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 7.

[RL1989-60] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1989 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 18, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 10.

[RL1990-61] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1990 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 19, no. 3. International Soling Association. p. 10.

[RL1991-62] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1991 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 20, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 13.

[RL1992-63] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1992 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 21, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 12.

[RL1993-64] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1993 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 22, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 10.

[RL1994-65] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1994 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 23, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 15.

[RL1995-66] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1995 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 24, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 14.

[RL1996-67] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Results of the 1996 Soling World Trophy". Soling Sailing. Vol. 25, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 14.

[RL1997-68] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Latest ISAF Rankings". Soling Sailing. Vol. 29, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 12.

[RL1998-69] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Latest ISAF Rankings". Soling Sailing. Vol. 32, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 12.

[RL1999-70] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Latest ISAF Rankings". Soling Sailing. Vol. 33, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 10.

[RL2000-71] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "Latest ISAF Rankings". Soling Sailing. Vol. 33, no. 3. International Soling Association. p. 13.

[RL2002-72] Reed, Dinny (ed.). "The 2002 Soling Ranking System". Soling Sailing. Vol. 35, no. 2. International Soling Association. p. 10.

[RL2003-73] Collins, Matias, ed. (4 December 2003) [1968]. "INTERNATIONAL SOLING ASSOCIATION CONSTITUTION" (ASCII). soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 26 October 2019.

[RL2004-74] Collins, Matias (ed.). "ISA Ranking Top 20". Soling Sailing. Vol. 37, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 20.

[RL2005-75] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 38, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 30.

[RL2006-76] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 39, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 34.

[RL2007-77] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 40, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 34.

[RL2008-78] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 41, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 29.

[RL2009-79] Collins, Matias, ed. (4 December 2003) [1968]. "INTERNATIONAL SOLING ASSOCIATION CONSTITUTION" (ASCII). soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 26 October 2019.

[RL2010-80] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 43, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 29.

[RL2011-81] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 44, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 29.

[RL2012-82] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 45, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 28.

[RL2013-83] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 46, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 30.

[RL2014-84] Collins, Matias (ed.). "SOLING CLASS RANKING" (ASCII). www.soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 4 December 2019.

[RL2015-85] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 47, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 34.

[RL2016-86] Collins, Matias (ed.). "SOLING CLASS RANKING" (ASCII). www.soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 4 December 2019.

[RL2017-87] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 49, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 32.

[RL2018-88] Collins, Matias (ed.). "Ranking Release". Soling Sailing. Vol. 50, no. 1. International Soling Association. p. 29.

[RL2019-89] Collins, Matias (ed.). "SOLING CLASS RANKING" (ASCII). soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 4 December 2019.

[RL2021-90] Collins, Matias (ed.). "SOLING CLASS RANKING" (ASCII). soling.com. International Soling Association. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

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Development


Solings downwind during the 2019 North American Soling Championship Kingston, Ontario
Designer	LINGE-DESIGN, Jan Herman LingeA/S
Location	Oslo, Norway
Year	1964
No. built	3441 registered (about 4500 build)
Design	One-Design
Brand	World Sailing
Builder(s)	over the years per country Rudder Yachts ltd. Halvorsen, Morson & Gawland ltd. Pamcraft ltd. Abbott Boats ltd. Elvstrøm Boats A/S A/S Borresens Baadebyggeri Playvisa Vamos Veneva O/Y Dufour Fontaine-Pajot Norddeutsche Sportbootwerft Bootswerft Leonard Mader GbR. Tyler Boat Co. Petticrow Boatyard Petticrows Boatyard Hartra Crane Works C.I.M.A. Bianchi & Cecchi Ishihara Dockyard Comp. Ferro H.V.M. NV Soling Yachts A/S Jan H. Linge A/S RNYS Jim MacKay Boats ltd. T.P. Cookson Gdansk Ship and Yacht Yard Proderite ltd. Polyform Licencintorg Gemico Corporation (O'day) Plastrend Corporation Gemico-Marlow Eichenlaub Boat Comp. Most registered boats built by Abbott, Borresens and Elvstrøm.
Role	Open keelboat designed for Olympic/International regatta sailing. Also very suitable for recreational (regatta) sailing.
Name	International Soling^[1]
Boat
Crew	2 or 3
Displacement	Min: 1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
Draft	1.30 m (4.3 ft)
Trapeze	Droop hiking
Hull
General	8.185 m (26.85 ft)
Type	Monohull
Construction	Fiberglass
Hull weight	Min: 1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
LOA	Min: 8.170 m (26.80 ft) Max: 8.200 m (26.90 ft)
LWL	6.10 m (20.0 ft)
Beam	1.90 m (6.2 ft)
Engine type	None
Hull appendages
General	Keel, Rudder
Keel/board type	Fixed keel
Ballast	Min: 570 kg (1,260 lb) Max: 590 kg (1,300 lb)
Rudder(s)	Balanced spade
Rig
General	Bermuda rig with high aspect ratio jib
Rig type	Aluminum or Carbon fiber
Mast length	From deck: 9.2 m (30 ft)
Rig other	Genoa's and Gennaker's are no part of the sail inventory
Sails
General	Sails shall be constructed only of woven of fibers. Fibers other than those of polyester and non-aromatic polyamide are prohibited.
Sailplan	Sloop
Mainsail area	15.6 m² (168 sq ft)
Jib/genoa area	8.1 m² (87 sq ft)
Spinnaker area	Max: 45.0 m² (484 sq ft) Min: 35.0 m² (377 sq ft)
Upwind sail area	23.7 m² (255 sq ft)
Downwind sail area	Max: 60.6 m² (652 sq ft) Min: 50.6 m² (545 sq ft)
Total sail area	68.7 m² (739 sq ft)
Racing
Class association	International Soling Association
D-PN	82.3^[2]
RYA PN	914^[3]
PHRF	150 Lake Ontario^[4]
Former Olympic class
[edit on Wikidata]

Soling

History

1961: IYRU seeks new classes as companion/complement for the Olympic classes

1963: Announcement from The Class Policy Committee of the IYRU

1965: A prototype of the Soling was ready and tested

1966: 1st Trials at Kiel

1967: 2nd Trials at Travemünde

1968: Olympic class

1969 – 1972: Solings first Olympiad

1973 – 1976: Solings 2nd Olympiad

1977 – 1980: Solings 3rd Olympiad

1981 – 1984: Solings 4th Olympiad

1985 – 1988: Solings 5th Olympiad

1989 – 1992: Solings 6th Olympiad

1993 – 1996: Solings 7th Olympiad

1997 – 2000: Solings 8th Olympiad

2001 – 2006: Post-Olympic

2007 – 2015: Solid International class

2016 – Now: Introduction on carbon spars

Solings built

Results of the major Soling regattas

Games

Olympic Games

Pan American Games[48]

Vintage Yachting Games

International ISA Trophies

World Championships

Fleet racing[51]

Match racing (Infanta Cristina)[52]

Masters

Continental Championships[53]

Australian Championships

European Championships

Fleet racing[54]

Medal table

Match racing[55]

North American Championship

Medal table

South American Championship

Soling World Trophy

Country ranking (1985 - present)

Winners of national championships

References

Pan American Games^[48]

Fleet racing^[51]

Match racing (Infanta Cristina)^[52]

Continental Championships^[53]

Fleet racing^[54]

Match racing^[55]