Srednekolymsk (Russian: Среднеколы́мск; Yakut: Орто Халыма, Orto Xalıma) is a town and the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kolyma River, 1,485 kilometers (923 mi) northeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,525.[2]
Srednekolymsk
Среднеколымск | |
|---|---|
Town under district jurisdiction[1] | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Yakut | Орто Халыма |
 | |
.svg) Flag .svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Srednekolymsk  | |
  Srednekolymsk Location of Srednekolymsk  Srednekolymsk Srednekolymsk (Sakha Republic) | |
| Coordinates: 67°28′N 153°43′E / 67.467°N 153.717°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic[1] |
| Administrative district | Srednekolymsky District[1] |
| Town | Srednekolymsk[1] |
| Founded | 1644[1] |
| Town status since | 1775 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Parbaala |
| • Hokage | Keskil Nikolaev |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 3,525 |
| • Capital of | Srednekolymsky District,[1] Town of Srednekolymsk[1] |
| • Municipal district | Srednekolymsky Municipal District[3] |
| • Urban settlement | Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement[3] |
| • Capital of | Srednekolymsky Municipal District,[4] Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+11 (MSK+8  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 678790, 678799 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 41156 |
| OKTMO ID | 98646101001 |
| Town Day | September 15 |
| 2010 Census | 3,525[2] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 3,587[7] |
| 1989 Census | 4,489[8] |
| 1979 Census | 3,309[9] |
History
editWhen the Russians arrived in the 1640s, they built three forts on the Kolyma: Nizhnekolymsk, Srednekolymsk, and Verkhnekolymsk (i.e., lower, middle, and upper Kolymsk). They were about three days sled journey apart. Nizhnekolymsk was on the delta near the route to Anadyrsk. Srednekolymsk was at the head of navigation by seagoing koches, in forested country for good fur trapping and on the overland route to the Indigirka River. Verkhnekolymsk was smaller and upriver. The first fort (ostrog) was founded in 1644[1] by Mikhail Stadukhin.[citation needed] Some[who?] say that this was Nizhnekolymsk, but Fisher[10] thinks that the original fort was Srednekolymsk and that the main Russian center was moved to Nizhnekolymsk by 1655 when the Anadyrsk route became important.
At some point the name was changed to Yarmanka, from the Russian word for "fair", referring to the annual gatherings of indigenous inhabitants of the area here in spring. The settlement grew over the next century, and was granted town status and its present name in 1775.[citation needed] In Imperial times, it was a destination for political exiles.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Srendekolymsk serves as the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District.[1] As an inhabited locality, Srednekolymsk is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with one rural locality (the selo of Lobuya), incorporated within Srednekolymsky District as the Town of Srednekolymsk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Srednekolymsk is incorporated within Srednekolymsky Municipal District as Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement.[3]
Economy and infrastructure
editThe town is largely reliant on farming of reindeer, hunting for pelts, and fishing. A ice free port in the summer allows for goods to be shipped up river
Transportation
editThe town is served by the Srednekolymsk Airport (IATA: SEK). In the summer, river transport takes place, and in the winter, land transport can be performed on the ice.
Climate
editSrednekolymsk has a dry and very cold subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), bordering on an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd), featuring with mild, sometimes hot, even very hot, but short summers and extremely brutal winters with almost no snowfall. The winter lasts from October until May and temperatures rise rapidly enough for Dahurian larch trees to be able to grow during the fleeting summer, before falling rapidly again in August and September. Temperatures often do not exceed 0 °C (32 °F) between late September and early May.
The midnight sun is above the horizon from 30 May to 13 July, the polar night last from 19 December to 24 December (6 days).
| Climate data for Srednekolymsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −4.3 (24.3) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.8 (37.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
28.4 (83.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
36.7 (98.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −34.4 (−29.9) |
−30.9 (−23.6) |
−20.5 (−4.9) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−23.8 (−10.8) |
−31.7 (−25.1) |
−8 (18) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −37.9 (−36.2) |
−34.8 (−30.6) |
−26.7 (−16.1) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−27.2 (−17.0) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −41.4 (−42.5) |
−38.7 (−37.7) |
−32.9 (−27.2) |
−22.4 (−8.3) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
5.9 (42.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −56.1 (−69.0) |
−56.0 (−68.8) |
−50.4 (−58.7) |
−42.4 (−44.3) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−48.2 (−54.8) |
−53.5 (−64.3) |
−56.1 (−69.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13 (0.5) |
9 (0.4) |
7 (0.3) |
6 (0.2) |
8 (0.3) |
25 (1.0) |
32 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
17 (0.7) |
16 (0.6) |
15 (0.6) |
13 (0.5) |
188 (7.5) |
| Source: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System[11] | |||||||||||||
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d Law #173-Z #353-III
- ^ Law #172-Z #351-III
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
- ^ Raymond H. Fisher. The Voyage of Semon Dezhnev, 1981
- ^ "RUS YAKUTSKAYA - SREDNE-KOLYMSK". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved November 19, 2011.[dead link]
Sources
edit- Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Srednekolymsky District. (in Russian)
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №172-З №351-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1535-З №597-V от 27 ноября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 1 и 2 Закона Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #172-Z No. 351-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1535-Z No. 597-V of November 27, 2015 On Amending Articles 1 and 2 of the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №173-З №353-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1058-З №1007-IV от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #173-Z No. 353-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1058-Z No. 1007-IV of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).