Wikipedia

Tasikmalaya Regency

Tasikmalaya Regency (pronounced [ˈtasɪʔməˈlaja]; Indonesian: Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Sundanese: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮒᮞᮤᮊ᮪ᮙᮜᮚ) is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten, sub-provincial region) in the province of West Java in Indonesia. With an area of 2,708.82 km2 (1,046 sq mi), it is the biggest and most important in the southeast region of East Preanger (Indonesian: Priangan Timur). Tasikmalaya Regency had a population of 1,687,776 at the 2010 census[2] and 1,865,203 at the 2020 census;[3] the mid-2023 official estimate was 1,907,045 (comprising 965,602 males and 941,443 females).[1]

Tasikmalaya Regency
Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Regency
Other transcription(s)
 • Sundaneseᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮒᮞᮤᮊ᮪ᮙᮜᮚ
Coat of arms of Tasikmalaya Regency
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Pearl of the East Preanger
Beieren van Java (Bavaria of Java)
Motto(s): 
ᮞᮥᮊᮕᮥᮛ ᮍᮓᮅᮔ᮪ ᮍᮧᮛ
Sukapura Ngadaun Ngora
Location within West Java
Location within West Java
Tasikmalaya Regency is located in Java
Tasikmalaya Regency
Tasikmalaya Regency
Location in Java and Indonesia
Tasikmalaya Regency is located in Indonesia
Tasikmalaya Regency
Tasikmalaya Regency
Tasikmalaya Regency (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 7°21′38″S 108°06′46″E / 7.3606°S 108.1127°E / -7.3606; 108.1127
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceWest Java
Regency seatSingaparna
Government
 • RegentAde Sugianto
 • Vice RegentCecep Nurul Yakin
Area
 • Total2,708.82 km2 (1,045.88 sq mi)
Elevation
430 m (1,410 ft)
Population
 (mid-2023 estimate)
 • Total1,907,045
 [1]
Time zoneUTC+7 (IWST)
Area code(+62) 265
Websitetasikmalayakab.go.id

The regency was previously administered from Tasikmalaya City; however, Tasikmalaya City and Tasikmalaya Regency now are administratively independent of each other, and the area and population listed above exclude the city. The administrative centre of the regency is now at Singaparna, west of the city.

Agricultural fields and forestry are the regency's dominant land uses. Most residents are farmers.[4] Tasikmalaya is a major religious centre for West Java. The regency is known as the city of Muslim students (kota santri),[5] with more than 800 traditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren).[6] Tasikmalaya is known for handicrafts (Indonesian: kerajinan anyaman) and salak (zalacca).[7][dead link] The regency's most famous food is hot steamed rice mixed with oncom (nasi tutug oncom).

History

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Toponymy

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The Ten Thousand Hills, hummocky deposits from the eruption of Mount Galunggung

The origin of the name Tasikmalaya is uncertain. The word has no apparent meaning in local languages. Three possibilities have been proposed, all of which are combinations of Sundanese words: (1) the name may be a conflation of tasik and (ma)layah, literally "an ocean of hills";[8] (2) the source words may be tasik, jeung, and laya, meaning "large tracts of sand" (Sundanese: keusik ngalayah, Indonesian: hamparan pasir); (3) the name's original words may be Tasik (lake, sea), and Malaya (a chain of mountains or highlands), also meaning "an ocean of hills".[9] The "ocean" or large area is presumed to begin at Sukapura,[8] formerly called Tawang or Tawang-Galunggung. Tawang means paddy fields or literary "a wide range of an open space". The eruption of Mount Galunggung created mountains, hills, and mounds of scattered sand in the formerly open region of Sukapura.

Ancient origins

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Photograph circa 1920–1935 showing a landscape of Tasikmalaya Regency in Neglasari, Salawu District.

In the 7th to 8th centuries, a realm with an unknown form of governance was centered near Mount Galunggung. The realm had the authority to designate the sovereigns of the Galuh Kingdom. Its rulers were Batara Semplakwaja, Batara Kuncung Putih, Batara Kawindu, Batara Wastuhayu, and finally Batari Hyang, who changed the form of governance into a monarchy (kingdom).[10]

According to the Geger Hanjuang inscription, the Kingdom of Galunggung was established on 13th Bhadrapada 1033 Shaka (21 August 1111), and Queen Batari Hyang was its first ruler. Her famous teachings, known as Sang Hyang Siksakanda ng Kareksian, were still used as an official doctrine in the era of Prabu Siliwangi (1482–1521), the monarch of Pakuan Pajajaran. The Kingdom of Galunggung lasted for six more rulers, each in hereditary succession.[10]

Modern

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The road towards Tasikmalaya with Mount Galunggung in the distance (1920–1940)

At the start of the 16th century, a government in Sukakerta faced an opportunity to secede from its sovereign ruler, the Pajajaran Kingdom, which was ruled by Prabu Surawisesa (successor to Sri Baduga Maharaja Prabu Siliwangi). His kingdom faced a threat of expansion from the Banten Sultanate and Demak with the spread of Islam. As this expansion weakened the kingdom, its territories tried to break away.[10]

In the early 17th century, three major forces (Mataram, Banten, and the VOC) were in conflict on the island of Java. After ten years of upheaval in the region of Priangan, the head of Sukakerta, Wirawangsa, was assigned as the Regent of Sukapura and honoured with a nobility name of Wiradadaha I by Sultan Agung of Mataram. Upon the promotion of its leader, the regency changed its name to Sukapura and the capital of the regency was moved from Dayeuh Tengah to Leuwiloa, Sukaraja.[10]

 
Raden Tumenggung Wirahadiningrat (1870–1900)

Years later, under the governance of Raden Tumenggung Surialaga (1813–14), the capital of the regency was brought to Tasikmalaya. In 1832, under the governance of Wiradadaha VIII, the capital was moved to Manonjaya, but after some consideration, particularly economically, it was switched back to Tasikmalaya. In 1913, the name of the regency, Sukapura, was changed to Tasikmalaya by the government regent R.A.A. Wiratanuningrat (1908–1937).[10]

Based on the Geger Hanjuang inscription, the date of August 21 has been assigned as the date of Tasikmalaya regency's anniversary. The inscription, as it tells, was made to mark the establishment of the Kingdom of Galunggung and the inauguration of its first sovereign, Queen Batari Hyang, on 21 August 1111.[10]

Government Regent history (1641 to 1937)

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  • 1641–1674: Raden Ngabehi Wirawangsa (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha I)
  • 1674: Raden Jayamanggala (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha II)
  • 1674–1723: Raden Anggadipa I (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha III)
  • 1723–1745: Raden Subamanggala (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha IV)
  • 1745–1747: Raden Secapati (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha V)
  • 1747–1765: Raden Jaya Anggadireja (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VI)
  • 1765–1807: Raden Djayamanggala II (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VII)
  • 1807–1837: Raden Anggadipa II (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VIII)
  • 1837–1844: Raden Tumenggung Danudiningrat
  • 1844–1855: Raden Tumenggung Wiratanubaya
  • 1855–1875: Raden Tumenggung Wiraadegdana
  • 1875–1901: Raden Tumenggung Wirahadiningrat
  • 1901–1908: Raden Tumenggung Prawirahadingrat
  • 1908–1937: Raden Tumenggung Wiratanuningrat

Administrative Districts

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Tasikmalaya Regency is divided into 39 local districts (Indonesian: kecamatan, Sundanese: kacamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[2] and the 2020 Census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid-2023.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (all 351 classed as rural desa), and their postcodes.[11] The town of Singaparna (on the west side of Tasikmalaya City) is the administrative centre of the regency.

Districts of Tasikmalaya Regency[12]
  1. Kadipaten
  2. Pagerageung
  3. Ciawi
  4. Sukaresik
  5. Jamanis
  6. Sukahening
  7. Rajapolah
  8. Cisayong
  9. Cigalontang
  10. Sariwangi
  11. Leuwisari
  12. Padakembang
  13. Sukaratu
  14. Singaparna
  15. Salawu
  16. Mangunreja
  17. Sukarame
  18. Manonjaya
  19. Cineam
  
  1. Taraju
  2. Puspahiang
  3. Tanjungjaya
  4. Sukaraja
  5. Gunungtanjung
  6. Karangjaya
  7. Bojonggambir
  8. Sodonghilir
  9. Parungponteng
  10. Jatiwaras
  11. Salopa
  12. Culamega
  13. Bantarkalong
  14. Bojongasih
  15. Cibalong
  16. Cikatomas
  17. Cipatujah
  18. Karangnunggal
  19. Cikalong
  20. Pancatengah
Districts of Taskimalaya Regency
Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
2010
census		 Pop'n
2020
census		 Pop'n
mid-2023
estimate		 Admin
centre		 No.
of
Villages		 Post
code
32.06.01 Cipatujah 246.67 62,858 70,904 72,761 Cipatujah 15 46187
32.06.02 Karangnunggal 136.33 80,935 88,586 90,115 Karangnunggal 14 46186
32.06.03 Cikalong (a) 139.66 61,181 67,803 69,223 Cikalong 13 46195
32.06.04 Pancatengah 201.85 44,618 49,375 50,387 Cibongas 11 46194
32.06.05 Cikatomas 132.68 47,729 52,513 53,500 Pakemitan 9 46193
32.06.06 Cibalong 58.58 30,483 32,826 33,235 Cibalong 6 46185
32.06.07 Parungponteng 47.27 33,472 36,792 37,473 Parungponteng 8 46189
32.06.08 Bantarkalong 59.83 34,245 37,803 38,551 Hegarwangi 8 46187
& 46188
32.06.09 Bojongasih 38.58 19,178 21,644 22,214 Bojongasih 6 46475
32.06.10 Culamega 68.32 22,913 26,684 27,638 Cintabodas 5 46188
32.06.11 Bojonggambir 169.29 38,341 43,766 45,068 Mangkonjaya 10 46476
32.06.12 Sodonghilir 93.11 62,580 70,249 71,987 Sodonghilir 12 46473
32.06.13 Taraju 55.85 37,357 41,505 42,405 Taraju 9 46474
32.06.14 Salawu 50.50 57,523 63,257 64,436 Salawu 12 46472
32.06.15 Puspahiang 34.90 32,675 35,060 35,460 Puspahiang 8 46471
32.06.16 Tanjungjaya 36.69 42,336 46,235 47,002 Tanjungjaya 7 46184
32.06.17 Sukaraja 43.08 48,792 53,785 54,826 Sukapura 8 46183
32.06.18 Salopa 121.76 48,335 51,349 51,785 Mandalahayu 9 46192
32.06.19 Jatiwaras 73.37 47,827 52,600 53,582 Jatiwaras 11 46180
32.06.20 Cineam 78.79 33,288 33,852 33,709 Cijulang 10 46198
32.06.21 Karangjaya 47.90 12,374 12,520 12,449 Karangjaya 4 46199
32.06.22 Manonjaya 39.41 60,254 64,115 64,689 Manonjaya 12 46197
32.06.23 Gunung Tanjung 36.31 27,567 31,225 32,081 Gunungtanjung 7 46418
32.06.24 Singaparna 24.82 65,582 72,161 73,519 Singasari 10 46411
- 46418
32.06.25 Mangunreja 29.64 38,957 42,143 42,725 Mangunreja 6 46462
32.06.26 Sukarame 19.92 36,758 40,604 41,415 Sukarame 6 46461
32.06.27 Cigalongtang 119.75 67,668 75,834 77,673 Jayapura 16 46463
32.06.28 Leuwisari 53.26 36,492 40,854 41,832 Arjasari 7 46464
32.06.29 Padakembang 37.71 35,581 41,021 41,832 Cisaruni 5 46466
32.06.30 Sariwangi 49.66 30,309 35,268 36,520 Jayaratu 8 46465
32.06.31 Sukaratu 57.13 43,875 51,663 53,681 Sukaratu 8 46415
32.06.32 Cisayong 59.40 52,728 60,324 62,158 Cisayong 13 46153
32.06.33 Sukahening 28.42 29,373 30,869 31,033 Calincing 7 46155
32.06.34 Rajapolah 21.45 44,479 50,201 51,524 Rajapolah 8 46155, 46183
32.06.35 Jamanis 21.28 32,251 36,955 38,096 Sindangraja 8 46175
32.06.36 Ciawi 45.32 57,593 65,538 67,426 Ciawi 11 46156
32.06.37 Kadipaten 45.79 32,761 39,454 41,264 Buniasih 6 46157
32.06.38 Pagerageung 66.74 51,223 58,514 60,267 Pagerageung 10 46158
32.06.39 Sukaresik 17.80 33,184 39,352 40,973 Sukaratu 8 46419
Total 2,708.82 1,675,675 1,865,203 1,907,045 Singaparna 351

Notes: (a) Cikalong District includes two small offshore islands - Pulau Batukolotok and Pulau Nusamanuk.

Geography

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Rural area of Tasikmalaya Regency
 
Tasikmalaya Regency's hilly terrain. Picture taken from Sodong Hilir District.

The land of the regency is predominantly hilly, especially in the south. Some areas are mountainous, such as in the northwesternGalunggung highlands. Only 13% of the region is low-lying areas with an elevation between 0 and 200 metres. The average elevation is 200 to 500 metres.[13][failed verification] The highest point is Mount Galunggung, at 2,168 metres.[14]

 
Map showing location of Tasikmalaya Regency, marked green, in West Java.

Like much of Java, Tasikmalaya Regency is traversed by volcanic chains, and the soil is naturally fertile. Water resources are abundant, as the region experiences heavy rainfall. The regency is also situated on a low-cavity mountainside, which increases the rainfall catchment area and water absorption area.

The area is known for producing silk goods printed with batik, paper umbrellas, and handbags woven by hand from bamboo and pandanus leaves. The production of handicrafts for domestic and international consumption is an important local industry; in 1998 and 1999, the export of handicrafts earned 2.6 billion rupiah for the region.[citation needed]

The regency was a major centre of early support and organization for Darul Islam, an Islamist group formed in 1948 to resist Dutch attempts to retake Java after World War II. After the Dutch were defeated, Darul Islam worked to establish a state in Indonesia governed by Islamic law.[15]

Climate

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Like the rest of Preanger's regencies, the climate of Tasikmalaya Regency is normally a tropical rainforest climate.[16] It receives an average annual precipitation of 2.072 m.[17] Although it experiences heavy rainfall[16] the regency gets a considerable amount of heat. The average daily temperature of the regency is mildly varied, ranging from 20–34 °C (68–93 °F) in lowland areas and 18–22 °C (64–72 °F) in the upland areas.[17]

Location

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Following the excision of Tasikmalaya City, the residual Tasikmalaya Regency comprises an area of 2,708.82 km2.[18] It is bounded on the east by Garut Regency, marked by the Galunggung highlands, from southwest along to the northwest. Far to the north, the regency borders on Majalengka Regency and continues to the east with Ciamis Regency and Tasikmalaya City, the latter which it surrounds on three sides. Finally, to the south, Tasikmalaya Regency is bounded by the Indian Ocean. Tasikmalaya Regency's greatest distance from north to south is about 75 km, and about 56.25 km from east to west.[19][failed verification]

Places of interest

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Kampung Naga, a well-known tourist destination in Tasikmalaya Regency

Tasikmalaya Regency is one of Indonesia's foremost tourist destinations.[20] It has a number of accessible tourist attractions, even though many are located deep in the rural area of the regency. In the southern area, where the regency borders the Indian Ocean, tourist destinations are primarily along the coastline of the regency, which features caves and beaches. To the interior—where the land is mostly hilly and characterised by tropical rainforests—waterfalls, natural hot springs, and archaeological sites are the most visited attractions.

Among Tasikmalaya Regency's tourist destinations is Kampung Naga (Dragon Village), an idyllic traditional village where inhabitants have a strong ancient Sundanese tradition.[citation needed] Mount Galunggung's volcanic crater is scenic, featuring a lake surrounded by rainforests. A number of natural hot springs are issued nearby the mountain, adding to the regency's tourist destinations.[21]

List of tourist destinations in Tasikmalaya Regency

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There are more than 70 spots of tourist destinations in Tasikmalaya Regency, some of them are listed below.[21][failed verification]

  • Ponpes Suryalaya
  • Cakrabuana site
  • Geger sunten site
  • Cipacing hotspring
  • Pamoyanan hotspring
  • Rajapolah handicrafts' centre
  • Citiis waterfall
  • KH. Z. Mustofa grave
  • Pamijahan sacred grave
  • Manonjaya mosque
  • Tanjungmalaya
  • Cirahong bridge
  • Gimbal and Cilangkap sites
  • Kabuyutan Ngarantengah site
  • Rd. A. Dewi Sartika grave
  • Sukapura museum
  • Batik of Sukaraja
  • Baginjing grave
  • Cigunung hotspring
  • Bumi Rongsok site
  • Cimanintin waterfall
  • Rangga Wulung cave
  • Cibalong hotspring
  • Cupu Agung cave
  • Hulu Kuya cave
  • Malawang cave
  • Arca and Wayang caves
  • Nyai cave and Ciodeng cave
  • Jasper Geopark
  • Karangtawulan beach
  • Cimanuk beach
  • Sindangjaya beach
  • Padabumi beach
  • Kalaparea beach
  • Sheikh Zaenudin sacred grave
  • Garuda Ngupuk
  • Parat cave and Lalay cave
  • Cimaranggi cave
  • Cipatujah beach
  • Cipatujah hotspring
  • Bubujung beach
  • Joglo sacred grave
  • Sarongge cave
  • Ambu Hawuk cave
  • Dengdeng waterfall
  • Pamayang fisherman village
  • Sidangkerta turtle conservation
  • Sindangkerta/Taman Lengser beach
  • Pamayangsari beach
 
Taraju, one of Tasikmalaya Regency's tourist destinations

Jasper Geopark

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Mount Galunggung's volcanic crater

Pasirgintung village (in Cibuniasih subdistrict, Pancatengah district) is known for its numerous red jasper rocks; however, now only about 120 rocks remain. The administration will conserve it as Jasper Geopark.[22]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3206)
  2. ^ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. ^ "Population and Labour force – West Java" (PDF). West Java Government. 2008. p. 88. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  5. ^ Mencari Kota Santri. Times Indonesia. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  6. ^ Christomy 1959, p. 22.
  7. ^ "Agriculture – West Java" (PDF). West Java Government. 2008. p. 330. Retrieved 6 January 2011.[dead link]
  8. ^ a b "Toponimi Jawa Barat" (PDF) (in Indonesian). West Java Government. pp. 64, 110. Retrieved 6 January 2011.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ Permadi 1975, p. 3.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Sejarah Singkat Kabupaten Tasikmalaya" (in Indonesian). Tasikmalaya Regency Government. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ "Government – West Java" (PDF). West Java Government. 2008. p. 39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  12. ^ "Kabupaten Tasikmalaya" (PDF) (in Indonesian). West Java Central Agency for Statistic. 2004. p. 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2006. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  13. ^ a b "Selayang Pandang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya" (in Indonesian). West Java Government. Archived from the original on 14 September 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  14. ^ "Geographical Condition – West Java" (PDF). West Java Government. 2008. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  15. ^ Horikoshi, Hiroko (1975). The Dar ul-Islam movement in West Java (1948–62): an experience in the historical process. Indonesia 20:58-86.
  16. ^ a b "Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  17. ^ a b "Peta Jawa Barat" (in Indonesian). West Java Government. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  18. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2020.
  19. ^ "Peta Jawa Barat" (in Indonesian). West Java Government. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  20. ^ "Best Places to Visit in Tasikmalaya Regency". June 24, 2018.
  21. ^ a b Redaktur1. "Peta Obyek Wisata Tasik" (in Indonesian). Tasikmalaya Regency Government. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Jasper Geopark

Notes

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  • Christomy, Tommy (1959), "Signs of the Wali: Narratives at the sacred sites in Pamijahan, West Java", 201, (Canberra, AU), 2008, ISBN 978-1-921313-69-1. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  • Permadi, Agus (September 1975), "Prasasti Geger Hanjuang; Ngahanjuang-siangkeun Hari Jadi Tasikmalaya", Mangle, 495, (Bandung, ID), 2009, cited in Miftahul Falah (August 21, 2009), "Etimologi Tasikmalaya", (in Indonesia). Retrieved 6 January 2011.
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