User:Y-S.Ko/Wikipedia course/Pharmacology/L-V

Intracellular chemotherapeutic agents / antineoplastic agents (L01)

Block microtubule assembly	Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine^# Vincristine^# Vindesine Vinflunine^§ Vinorelbine^#)
Block microtubule disassembly	Taxanes (Cabazitaxel Docetaxel^# Larotaxel Ortataxel^† Paclitaxel^# Tesetaxel) Epothilones (Ixabepilone)

DNA replication
inhibitor

DNA precursors/
antimetabolites
(S phase)

Folic acid	Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (Aminopterin Methotrexate^# Pemetrexed Pralatrexate) Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Pemetrexed Raltitrexed)
Purine	Adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Pentostatin) Halogenated/ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (Cladribine Clofarabine Fludarabine) Nelarabine Rabacfosadine Thiopurine (Mercaptopurine^# Tioguanine^#)
Pyrimidine	Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Capecitabine^# Carmofur Doxifluridine Floxuridine Fluorouracil^# Tegafur (+gimeracil/oteracil)) DNA polymerase inhibitor (Cytarabine^# +daunorubicin) Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Gemcitabine^#) Hypomethylating agent (Azacitidine Decitabine)
Deoxyribonucleotide	Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Hydroxycarbamide^#)

Topoisomerase inhibitors
(S phase)

I	Camptotheca (Belotecan Camptothecin Cositecan^† Etirinotecan pegol^† Exatecan Gimatecan Irinotecan^# Lurtotecan^‡ Rubitecan^‡ Silatecan^§ Topotecan)
II	Podophyllum (Etoposide^# Teniposide)
II+Intercalation	Anthracyclines (Aclarubicin Amrubicin^† Daunorubicin^# (+cytarabine) Doxorubicin^# Epirubicin Idarubicin Pirarubicin Valrubicin Zorubicin) Anthracenediones (Losoxantrone Mitoxantrone Pixantrone) Amsacrine Bisantrene Crisnatol Menogaril^§

Crosslinking of DNA
(CCNS)

Alkylating	Nitrogen mustards: Bendamustine^# Chlormethine Cyclophosphamide^# (Ifosfamide^# Trofosfamide) Chlorambucil^# Melphalan (Melphalan flufenamide) Prednimustine Uramustine Nitrosoureas: Carmustine Fotemustine Lomustine (Semustine) Nimustine Ranimustine Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates: Busulfan (Mannosulfan Treosulfan) Aziridines: Carboquone Thiotepa Triaziquone Triethylenemelamine
Platinum-based	Carboplatin^# Cisplatin^# Dicycloplatin Nedaplatin Oxaliplatin^# Satraplatin
Nonclassical	Altretamine Hydrazines (Procarbazine^#) Etoglucid Mitobronitol Pipobroman Triazenes (Dacarbazine^# Mitozolomide^§ Temozolomide)
Intercalation	Streptomyces (Dactinomycin^# Bleomycin^# Mitomycins Plicamycin)

Photosensitizers/PDT

Other

Enzyme inhibitors	FI (Tipifarnib^§) CDK inhibitors (Abemaciclib Alvocidib^† Palbociclib Ribociclib Seliciclib^†) PrI Bortezomib Carfilzomib Oprozomib Ixazomib PhI (Anagrelide) IMPDI (Tiazofurin^§) LI (Masoprocol) PARP inhibitor (Fuzuloparib Niraparib +abiraterone acetate Olaparib Rucaparib) HDAC (Belinostat Entinostat Panobinostat Romidepsin Vorinostat) PIKI (Pi3K) (Alpelisib Copanlisib^‡ Duvelisib Idelalisib Inavolisib Umbralisib^‡) IDH (Enasidenib Ivosidenib Olutasidenib Vorasidenib)
Receptor antagonists	ERA (Atrasentan) Retinoid X receptor (Bexarotene) Sex steroid (Testolactone)
Other/ungrouped	Adagrasib Aflibercept Arsenic trioxide Asparagine depleters (Asparaginase^#/Pegaspargase) Axicabtagene ciloleucel Belzutifan Bexarotene Brexucabtagene autoleucel Celecoxib Ciltacabtagene autoleucel Demecolcine Denileukin diftitox Eflornithine Elesclomol^§ Elsamitrucin Epacadostat Eribulin Estramustine Glasdegib Idecabtagene vicleucel Imetelstat Lifileucel Lisocabtagene maraleucel Lonidamine Lucanthone Lurbinectedin Mitoguazone Mitotane Nadofaragene firadenovec Navitoclax Obecabtagene autoleucel Oblimersen^† Omacetaxine mepesuccinate Plitidepsin Tabelecleucel Retinoids (Alitretinoin Tretinoin^#) Selinexor Sitimagene ceradenovec Sotorasib Tagraxofusp Talimogene laherparepvec Tazemetostat Tebentafusp Tiazofurine Tigilanol tiglate Tisagenlecleucel Trabectedin Veliparib Venetoclax Verdinexor Vosaroxin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Targeted cancer therapy / antineoplastic agents (L01)

CI monoclonal antibodies ("-mab")

Receptor tyrosine kinase	ErbB: HER1/EGFR (Cetuximab Panitumumab) HER2/neu (Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab (+hyaluronidase) Trastuzumab emtansine Trastuzumab deruxtecan)
Others for solid tumors	EpCAM (Catumaxomab Edrecolomab) VEGF-A (Bevacizumab)
Leukemia/lymphoma	lymphoid: CD3 (Glofitamab, Elranatamab, Mosunetuzumab), CD20 (Glofitamab Ibritumomab Mosunetuzumab Obinutuzumab Ofatumumab Rituximab Tositumomab), CD30 (Brentuximab), CD52 (Alemtuzumab) myeloid: CD33 (Gemtuzumab ozogamicin)
Other	Amivantamab Atezolizumab (+hyaluronidase) Avelumab Axatilimab Belantamab mafodotin Bermekimab Blinatumomab Cemiplimab Daratumumab Dinutuximab beta Dostarlimab Durvalumab Elotuzumab Enfortumab vedotin Epcoritamab Inotuzumab ozogamicin Ipilimumab Isatuximab Loncastuximab tesirine Mirvetuximab soravtansine Mogamulizumab Moxetumomab pasudotox Naxitamab Necitumumab Nivolumab Olaratumab Oportuzumab monatox Pembrolizumab Polatuzumab vedotin Prolgolimab Ramucirumab Retifanlimab Sabatolimab Sacituzumab govitecan Serplulimab Sugemalimab Tafasitamab Talquetamab Tarlatamab Teclistamab Tislelizumab Tisotumab vedotin Toripalimab Tremelimumab Zolbetuximab

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ("-nib")

Receptor tyrosine kinase

HER1/EGFR and HER2/neu

RTK class III: C-kit and PDGFR (Avapritinib
Axitinib
Masitinib
Pazopanib
Ripretinib
Sorafenib
Sunitinib
Toceranib)
FLT3 (Lestaurtinib, Gilteritinib (AXL, ALK, LTK))

VEGFR
- Axitinib
- Cediranib
- Fruquintinib
- Lenvatinib
- Nintedanib
- Pazopanib
- Regorafenib
- Semaxanib
- Sorafenib
- Sunitinib
- Tivozanib
- Toceranib
- Vandetanib

ALK

RET inhibitors: Entrectinib (ALK, ROS1, NTRK), Futibatinib (FGFR2), Infigratinib, Larotrectinib (NTRK), Pemigatinib (FGFR), Pralsetinib, Repotrectinib (ROS1, TRK, ALK), Selpercatinib (VEGFR, FGFR), Vandetanib (VEGFR, EGFR).

c-MET inhibitors: Cabozantinib (VEGFR), Capmatinib, Crizotinib (ALK)

Non-receptor

bcr-abl
- Asciminib
- Bosutinib
- Dasatinib
- Imatinib
- Nilotinib
- Ponatinib
- Radotinib

Src (Bosutinib
Dasatinib)

Janus kinase

MAP2K

EML4-ALK

Bruton's

Other

fusion protein against VEGF (Aflibercept)
proapoptotic peptide against ANXA2 and prohibitin (Adipotide)
exotoxin against IL-2 (Denileukin diftitox)
mTOR inhibitors
- Everolimus
- Ridaforolimus
- Temsirolimus
hedgehog inhibitors
- Glasdegib
- Sonidegib
- Vismodegib
CDK inhibitors
- Abemaciclib
- Dalpiciclib
- Palbociclib
- Ribociclib
- Trilaciclib
KRAS inhibitors
- Adagrasib
- Sotorasib
Pi3K inhibitors
- Alpelisib
- Copanlisib
- Duvelisib
- Idelalisib
- Inavolisib
- Parsaclisib
Cabozantinib
Capmatinib
Entrectinib
Erdafitinib
Gilteritinib
Larotrectinib
Lenvatinib
Masitinib
Midostaurin
Nintedanib
Odronextamab
Pazopanib
Pemigatinib
Pexidartinib
Quizartinib
Regorafenib
Ripretinib
Sorafenib
Sunitinib
Tebentafusp
Tepotinib
Vandetanib
Venetoclax

Immunostimulants (L03)

Endogenous

Cytokines

Colony-stimulating factors	G-CSF Efbemalenograstim alfa Eflapegrastim Filgrastim / Lipegfilgrastim / Pegfilgrastim Lenograstim GM-CSF Molgramostim Sargramostim SCF Ancestim
Interferons	alpha: Albinterferon Interferon alfa natural Interferon alfa 2a / Peginterferon alfa-2a Interferon alfa 2b / Peginterferon alfa-2b / Ropeginterferon alfa-2b Interferon alfa n1 Interferon alfacon-1 Interferon alpha-n3 feline "omega" beta: Interferon beta natural Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon gamma
Interleukins	Aldesleukin Oprelvekin

Other protein / peptide

Other

Exogenous

Immunosuppressive drugs / Immunosuppressants (L04)

Intracellular
(initiation)

Antimetabolites	purine synthesis inhibitors Azathioprine Mycophenolic acid dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors Leflunomide Teriflunomide antifolate Methotrexate
Macrolides/ other IL-2 inhibitors	FKBP/Cyclophilin/Calcineurin Ciclosporin Pimecrolimus Tacrolimus Voclosporin Abetimus Gusperimus
IMiDs	Lenalidomide Pomalidomide Thalidomide PDE4 inhibitor Apremilast

Intracellular
(reception)

IL-1 receptor antagonists	Anakinra
mTOR	Everolimus Ridaforolimus Sirolimus Temsirolimus Umirolimus Zotarolimus

Extracellular

Antibodies

Monoclonal

Serum target (noncellular)	Complement component 5 Eculizumab TNF Adalimumab Afelimomab Certolizumab pegol Golimumab Infliximab Nerelimomab Interleukin Anakinra Basiliximab Bimekizumab Briakinumab Brodalumab Canakinumab Daclizumab Guselkumab Ixekizumab Netakimab Olokizumab Rilonacept Risankizumab Sarilumab Satralizumab Secukinumab Siltuximab Sirukumab Spesolimab Tildrakizumab Tocilizumab Ustekinumab Interleukin 5 Mepolizumab Immunoglobulin E Omalizumab Interferon Faralimomab IL-6 Elsilimomab IL-12, IL-13, and IL-23 Lebrikizumab Ustekinumab IL-17A Secukinumab
Cellular target	CD3 Muromonab-CD3 Otelixizumab Teplizumab Visilizumab CD4 Clenoliximab Keliximab Zanolimumab CD11a Efalizumab CD18 Erlizumab CD20 Obinutuzumab Ocrelizumab (+hyaluronidase) Pascolizumab Rituximab Ublituximab CD23 Gomiliximab Lumiliximab CD40 Teneliximab Toralizumab CD62L/L-selectin Aselizumab CD80 Galiximab CD147/Basigin Gavilimomab CD154 Frexalimab Ruplizumab BLyS Belimumab CAT Bertilimumab Lerdelimumab Metelimumab Integrin Natalizumab Vedolizumab Interleukin-6 receptor Tocilizumab LFA-1 Odulimomab IL-2 receptor/CD25 Basiliximab Daclizumab Inolimomab T-lymphocyte (Zolimomab aritox)
Unsorted	Alemtuzumab Anifrolumab Atorolimumab Begelomab Cedelizumab Emapalumab Fontolizumab Inebilizumab Maslimomab Morolimumab Ofatumumab Pexelizumab Reslizumab Rovelizumab Siplizumab Talizumab Telimomab aritox Teprotumumab Vapaliximab Vepalimomab

Polyclonal

-cept (Fusion)

CTLA-4
- Abatacept
- Belatacept
TNF inhibitor
- Etanercept
- Opinercept
Aflibercept
Alefacept
Rilonacept

Unsorted

v t e Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (primarily M01A and M02A, also N02BA)
pyrazolones / pyrazolidines	Aminophenazone Ampyrone Azapropazone Clofezone Difenamizole Famprofazone Feprazone Kebuzone Metamizole Mofebutazone Morazone Nifenazone Oxyphenbutazone Phenazone Phenylbutazone Propyphenazone Sulfinpyrazone Suxibuzone^‡
salicylates	Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)^# Aloxiprin Benorylate Carbasalate calcium Diflunisal Dipyrocetyl Ethenzamide Guacetisal Magnesium salicylate Methyl salicylate Salsalate Salicin Salicylamide Salicylic acid (salicylate) Sodium salicylate
acetic acid derivatives and related substances	Aceclofenac Acemetacin Alclofenac Amfenac Bendazac Bromfenac Bufexamac Bumadizone Diclofenac Difenpiramide Etodolac Felbinac Fenclozic acid Fentiazac Indometacin Indometacin farnesil Isoxepac Ketorolac Lonazolac Mofezolac Oxametacin Prodolic acid Proglumetacin Sulindac Tiopinac Tolmetin Zomepirac^†
oxicams	Ampiroxicam Droxicam Isoxicam Lornoxicam Meloxicam Piroxicam Pivoxicam Tenoxicam
propionic acid derivatives (profens)	Alminoprofen Benoxaprofen^† Carprofen^‡ Dexibuprofen Dexketoprofen Fenbufen Fenoprofen Flunoxaprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen^# Ibuproxam Indoprofen^† Ketoprofen Loxoprofen Miroprofen Naproxen Oxaprozin Pelubiprofen Piketoprofen Pirprofen Suprofen Tarenflurbil Tepoxalin^‡ Tiaprofenic acid Vedaprofen^‡ Zaltoprofen COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator: Naproxcinod
n-arylanthranilic acids (fenamates)	Azapropazone Clonixin Etofenamate Floctafenine Flufenamic acid Flunixin Flutiazin Glafenine^† Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Morniflumate Niflumic acid Tolfenamic acid
COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs)	Apricoxib Celecoxib (+tramadol) Cimicoxib^‡ Deracoxib^‡ Etoricoxib Firocoxib^‡ Lumiracoxib^† Mavacoxib^‡ Parecoxib Robenacoxib^‡ Rofecoxib^† Valdecoxib^†
other	Aminopropionitrile Benzydamine Chondroitin sulfate Diacerein Fluproquazone Glucosamine Glycosaminoglycan Hyperforin Nabumetone Nimesulide Oxaceprol Proquazone Superoxide dismutase / orgotein Tenidap
NSAID combinations	Ibuprofen/famotidine Ibuprofen/hydrocodone Ibuprofen/oxycodone Ibuprofen/paracetamol Meloxicam/bupivacaine Naproxen/diphenhydramine Naproxen/esomeprazole
Key: underline indicates initially developed first-in-class compound of specific group; ^#WHO-Essential Medicines; ^†withdrawn drugs; ^‡veterinary use.
category commons portal

v t e Specific antirheumatic products / DMARDs (M01C)
Quinolines	Oxycinchophen
Gold preparations	Sodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate Auranofin Aurothioglucose Aurotioprol
Other	Penicillamine #/Bucillamine Chloroquine #/Hydroxychloroquine Leflunomide Sulfasalazine # antifolate (Methotrexate #) thiopurine (Azathioprine) #
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

Topical products for joint and muscular pain (M02)

Anti-inflammatory
preparations,
non-steroids

Pyrazolidines	Clofezone Mofebutazone Oxyphenbutazone Phenylbutazone
Acetic acid derivatives	Diclofenac Fentiazac Tolmetin
Other	Bendazac Benzydamine Bufexamac Etofenamate Felbinac Feprazone Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen Indometacin Ketoprofen Meclofenamic acid Naproxen Nifenazone Niflumic acid Piketoprofen Piroxicam Suxibuzone

Capsaicin derivatives

Zucapsaicin

Other

Skeletal muscle relaxants (M03)

Peripherally acting
(primarily antinicotinic,
NMJ block)

Non-depolarizing

Curare alkaloids	Alcuronium Dimethyltubocurarine Tubocurarine
4° ammonium agents	ultra-short duration: Gantacurium short duration: Rapacuronium Mivacurium Chandonium intermediate duration: Atracurium Cisatracurium Fazadinium Rocuronium Vecuronium long duration: Doxacurium Dimethyltubocurarine Pancuronium Pipecuronium Laudexium Gallamine unsorted: Hexafluronium (Hexafluorenium)

Depolarizing

Choline derivatives: Suxamethonium (Succinylcholine)

Polyalkylene derivatives: Hexamethonium

ACh release inhibitors

Botulinum toxin

Centrally acting

Carbamic acid esters	Carisoprodol Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Febarbamate Meprobamate Phenprobamate Styramate Tybamate
Benzodiazepines	Bromazepam Diazepam Clonazepam Flunitrazepam Lorazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam
Nonbenzodiazepines	Eszopiclone
Thienodiazepines	Etizolam
Quinazolines	Methaqualone
Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Cyclobenzaprine Orphenadrine
Other	Arbaclofen placarbil Baclofen Chlormezanone Chlorphenesin Chlorzoxazone Eperisone Fenyramidol Flopropione Gabapentin GHB Inaperisone Lanperisone Mephenesin Mephenoxalone Metaxalone Methocarbamol Phenibut Pregabalin Pridinol Promoxolane Quinine Silperisone Thiocolchicoside Tizanidine Tolperisone Zoxazolamine

Directly acting

Dantrolene

Drugs used for gout (M04)

Uricosurics

primary	Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Benzbromarone Isobromindione
secondary	Amlodipine Atorvastatin Fenofibrate Guaifenesin Lesinurad^‡ Losartan

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

purine analogues	Allopurinol^# Oxypurinol Tisopurine
other	Febuxostat Inositols (Phytic acid Myo-inositol) Topiroxostat

Mitotic inhibitors

Colchicine

Other

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

v t e Drugs for treatment of bone diseases (M05)
Bisphosphonates	Nitrogenous Alendronic acid Ibandronic acid Incadronic acid Minodronic acid Neridronic acid Pamidronic acid Risedronic acid Zoledronic acid Non-nitrogenous Etidronic acid Clodronic acid Tiludronic acid
Bone morphogenetic proteins	Dibotermin alfa Eptotermin alfa
Other	Resorption inhibitor Ipriflavone Aluminium chlorohydrate Dual action bone agent Strontium ranelate RANKL inhibitor Denosumab Sclerostin inhibitor Romosozumab Cathepsin K inhibitor Odanacatib Parathyroid hormone-related protein analogues Abaloparatide Teriparatide Calcitonin Calcium Vitamin D

v t e Other drugs for disorders of the musculo-skeletal system (M09)
Quinine and derivatives	Hydroquinine
Enzymes	Bromelains Chymopapain Collagenase clostridium histolyticum Trypsin
Gene therapies	Delandistrogene moxeparvovec Onasemnogene abeparvovec
Antisense oligonucleotides	Casimersen Drisapersen^† Eteplirsen Golodirsen Nusinersen Viltolarsen
Glucocorticoids	Deflazacort Vamorolone
Histone deacetylase inhibitors	Givinostat
Other	Aceneuramic acid Ataluren Branaplam Chondrocytes Hyaluronic acid Palovarotene Risdiplam
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

General anesthetics (N01A)

Inhalational

Injection

Phenols	Ciprofol^† Fospropofol Propofol^#
Barbiturates	Amobarbital Hexobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Thiamylal Thiopental^# Thiotetrabarbital
Benzodiazepines	Midazolam^# Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Remimazolam
Opioids	Morphine^# Oxycodone Anileridine^‡ Embutramide^‡ Fentanyl^# Alfentanil Phenoperidine Remifentanil÷ Sufentanil
Arylcyclohexylamines	Esketamine Ketamine^# Phencyclidine^‡ Tiletamine
Neuroactive steroids	Alfadolone Alfaxalone Hydroxydione
Others	Etomidate Propanidid^‡

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Local anesthetics (primarily sodium channel blockers) (N01B)

Esters by acid

Aminobenzoic	Benzocaine Benzonatate Butacaine Butamben Chloroprocaine Dimethocaine Lucaine Meprylcaine Metabutethamine Metabutoxycaine Nitracaine Orthocaine Propoxycaine Procaine (Novocaine) Proxymetacaine Risocaine Tetracaine
Benzoic	Amylocaine Cocaine Cyclomethycaine α-Eucaine β-Eucaine Hexylcaine Isobucaine Piperocaine
ArCO2- (not para-amino or Ph)	Amoproxan (3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl) 3-(p-Fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane

Amides

Combinations

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Analgesics (N02A, N02B)

Opioids

Opiates/opium	Codeine^# +aspirin +paracetamol Morphine^# (+naltrexone) Opium Laudanum Paregoric
Semisynthetic	Acetyldihydrocodeine Benzylmorphine Buprenorphine (+naloxone) Butorphanol Desomorphine Diamorphine (heroin) Dihydrocodeine (+paracetamol) Dihydromorphine Etorphine Ethylmorphine Hydrocodone (+paracetamol, +ibuprofen, +aspirin) Hydromorphinol Hydromorphone Levorphanol Metopon Nalbuphine Nicocodeine Nicodicodine Nicomorphine Oxycodone (+paracetamol, +aspirin, +ibuprofen, +naloxone, +naltrexone) Oxymorphone Papaveretum Thebacon
Synthetic	Alfentanil Alphaprodine Anileridine Bezitramide Carfentanil Dextromoramide Dextropropoxyphene Dezocine Dimenoxadol Dipipanone Ethoheptazine Fentanyl^# (+fluanisone) Ketobemidone Lofentanil Meptazinol Methadone^# NFEPP Norpipanone Oliceridine Pentazocine Pethidine (meperidine) Phenadoxone Phenazocine Phenoperidine Piminodine Piritramide Proheptazine Propiram Remifentanil Sufentanil Tapentadol Tilidine Tramadol (+celecoxib, +paracetamol) Viminol

Paracetamol-type

NSAIDs

Propionates	Benoxaprofen ^‡ Fenoprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen^# (Dexibuprofen) (+paracetamol) Ketoprofen (Dexketoprofen) Loxoprofen Naproxen Oxaprozin Suprofen Tiaprofenic acid Zaltoprofen
Oxicams	Isoxicam Lornoxicam Meloxicam Piroxicam Tenoxicam
Acetates	Acemetacin Bromfenac Diclofenac Etodolac Indometacin (Indometacin farnesil) Ketorolac Sulindac Tolmetin Zomepirac ^‡
COX-2 inhibitors	Celecoxib (+tramadol) Etoricoxib Lumiracoxib ^‡ Parecoxib Rofecoxib ^‡ Valdecoxib ^‡
Fenamates	Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Tolfenamic acid
Salicylates	Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)^# (+paracetamol/caffeine) Aloxiprin Benorylate Carbasalate calcium Choline salicylate Diflunisal Dipyrocetyl Ethenzamide Guacetisal Imidazole salicylate Magnesium salicylate Morpholine salicylate Potassium salicylate Salicin Salicylamide Salsalate Sodium salicylate Wintergreen (methyl salicylate)
Pyrazolones	Aminophenazone^‡ Ampyrone Metamizole (dipyrone) Nifenazone Phenazone Propyphenazone (+paracetamol/caffeine)
Others	Benzydamine Floctafenine Glafenine Nabumetone Nimesulide Proquazone

Cannabinoids

Ion channel
modulators

Calcium blockers	Alcohol (ethanol) Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Leconotide Mirogabalin Pregabalin Ziconotide
Sodium blockers	Carbamazepine Lacosamide Local anesthetics (e.g., cocaine, lidocaine) Mexiletine Nefopam Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline^#) Na_v1.7/1.8-selective: DSP-2230^§ Funapide^§ PF-05089771^§
Potassium openers	Flupirtine^‡

Myorelaxants

Others

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Antimigraine preparations (N02C)

Triptans	Almotriptan Avitriptan Donitriptan Eletriptan Frovatriptan Naratriptan Rizatriptan Sumatriptan Zolmitriptan
Ditans	Alniditan^§ Lasmiditan

Others

CGRP-R antagonists

Others

Paracetamol^#
Amidrine

Prophylactic

Calcium channel blockers	Dotarizine Lomerizine Verapamil Flunarizine
Progestogens	Flumedroxone acetate
Sympatholytics	Beta blockers Propranolol^# Timolol Clonidine
Tricyclic antidepressants	Amitriptyline Nortriptyline Imipramine
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Topiramate Valproate
Anti-CGRP/CGRP-R mAbs	Eptinezumab Erenumab Fremanezumab Galcanezumab
CGRP-R antagonists	Atogepant Rimegepant

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Anticonvulsants (N03)

GABAergics

GABA_AR PAMs	Barbiturates: Barbexaclone Metharbital Methylphenobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital^# Primidone; Carbamates: Cenobamate Felbamate; Benzodiazepines: Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Imepitoin Paraldehyde Stiripentol
GABA-T inhibitors	Fatty acids (and related): Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil Vigabatrin
Others	GABAR agonists: Progabide; GAT-1 inhibitors: Tiagabine

Channel
modulators

Sodium blockers	Hydantoins: Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Mephenytoin Phenytoin^#; Ureides: Acetylpheneturide Chlorphenacemide Phenacemide^‡ Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine^# Eslicarbazepine acetate Oxcarbazepine; Others: Lacosamide Lamotrigine^# Rufinamide Topiramate Zonisamide
Calcium blockers	Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione Paramethadione Trimethadione; Succinimides: Ethosuximide^# Mesuximide Phensuximide; Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin Pregabalin; Others: Imepitoin Lamotrigine^# Topiramate Zonisamide
Potassium openers	Retigabine

Others

CA inhibitors	Sulfonamides: Acetazolamide Ethoxzolamide Sultiame Topiramate Zonisamide
Others	Albutoin Beclamide Brivaracetam Cannabidiol Carisbamate Etiracetam Fenfluramine Ganaxolone Levetiracetam Perampanel

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Antiparkinson agents (N04)

Dopaminergics

DA precursors	Levodopa^# (+benserazide, +carbidopa, +carbidopa/entacapone) Foslevodopa (+foscarbodipa) Melevodopa (+carbidopa)
DA receptor agonists	Ergoline: Bromocriptine Cabergoline Dihydroergocryptine Lisuride Pergolide Non-ergoline: Apomorphine Piribedil Pramipexole Ropinirole Rotigotine Talipexole
MAO-B inhibitors	Rasagiline Safinamide Selegiline
COMT inhibitors	Entacapone Opicapone Tolcapone
AAAD inhibitors	Benserazide (+levodopa) Carbidopa^# (+carbidopa, +melevodopa, +carbidopa/entacapone) Foscarbidopa (+foslevodopa)

Anticholinergics

Others

Adamantanes (e.g., amantadine, memantine, rimantadine)
Adenosine receptor antagonists (e.g., caffeine, istradefylline)
Budipine

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Dopamine receptor modulators

D₁-like

Agonists	Benzazepines: 6-Br-APB Fenoldopam SKF-38,393 SKF-77,434 SKF-81,297 SKF-82,958 SKF-83,959 Trepipam Zelandopam Ergolines: Cabergoline CY-208,243 Dihydroergocryptine LEK-8829 Lisuride Pergolide Terguride Dihydrexidine derivatives: A-77636 A-86929 Adrogolide (ABT-431, DAS-431) Dihydrexidine Dinapsoline Dinoxyline Doxanthrine Phenethylamines: BCO-001 Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine) Dopexamine Etilevodopa Ibopamine L-DOPA (levodopa) Melevodopa L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine XP21279 Others: A-68930 Apomorphine Isocorypalmine Nuciferine PF-6649751 PF 6669571 Propylnorapomorphine Rotigotine SKF-89,145 SKF-89,626 Stepholidine Tavapadon Tetrahydropalmatine
PAMs^{[clarification needed]}	Tetrahydroisoquinolines: DETQ DPTQ Mevidalen
Antagonists	Typical antipsychotics: Butaclamol Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Flupentixol (flupenthixol) (+melitracen) Fluphenazine Loxapine Perphenazine (+amitriptyline) Pifluthixol Thioridazine Thiothixene Trifluoperazine (+tranylcypromine) Zuclopenthixol Atypical antipsychotics: Asenapine Clorotepine Clotiapine Clozapine DHA-clozapine Fluperlapine Iloperidone Norclozapine Norquetiapine Olanzapine (+fluoxetine) Paliperidone Quetiapine Risperidone Tefludazine Zicronapine Ziprasidone Zotepine Others: Berupipam Ecopipam EEDQ Metitepine (methiothepin) Odapipam Perlapine SCH-23390

D₂-like

Agonists

Phenethylamines: Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine)
Dopexamine
Etilevodopa
Ibopamine
L-DOPA (levodopa)
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tyrosine
Melevodopa
XP21279

Atypical antipsychotics: Alentemol (U-66444B)
Aripiprazole (+sertraline)
Aripiprazole lauroxil
Bifeprunox
Brexpiprazole
Brilaroxazine
Cariprazine
F-15063
Lumateperone
Norclozapine

Antagonists

Typical antipsychotics: Acepromazine
Acetophenazine
Azaperone
Benperidol
Bromperidol
Butaclamol
Butaperazine
Chloracizine
Chlorproethazine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorprothixene
Ciclindole
Clopenthixol
Clothixamide
Clopimozide
Droperidol
Fluacizine
Fluanisone
Flucindole
Fluotracen
Flupentixol (flupenthixol) (+melitracen)
Fluphenazine
Fluprothixene
Fluspirilene
Haloperidol
Homopipramol
Lenperone
Levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
Levosulpiride
Loxapine
Mesoridazine
Moperone
Naranol
Nemonapride
Penfluridol
Perathiepin
Perazine
Pericyazine (periciazine)
Perphenazine (+amitriptyline)
Piflutixol (pifluthixol)
Pimozide
Pipamperone
Preclamol
Prochlorperazine
Promazine
Prothipendyl
Spiperone (spiroperidol)
Sulforidazine
Sulpiride
Sultopride
Teflutixol
Thiopropazate
Thioproperazine
Thioridazine
Thiothixene
Timiperone
Trifluoperazine (+tranylcypromine)
Triflupromazine
Trifluperidol
Zetidoline
Zuclopenthixol

Antiemetics/gastroprokinetics/sedatives: Aceprometazine
AS-8112
Alimemazine
Alizapride
Benzquinamide
Bromopride
Clebopride
Deudomperidone
Domperidone
Eticlopride
Hydroxyzine
Itopride
Metoclopramide
Metopimazine
Promethazine
Thiethylperazine
Trazpiroben
Trimethobenzamide

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
Adrenergics
Serotonergics
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
Monoamine releasing agents
Monoamine metabolism modulators
Monoamine neurotoxins

v t e Antipsychotics (N05A)
Typical	Butyrophenones: Benperidol Bromperidol Bromperidol decanoate Droperidol Haloperidol^# Haloperidol decanoate Moperone Pipamperone Spiperone Timiperone Trifluperidol Diphenylbutylpiperidines: Fluspirilene Penfluridol Pimozide Phenothiazines: Acepromazine Acetophenazine Butaperazine Carphenazine (carfenazine)^‡ Chlorpromazine Cyamemazine Dixyrazine Fluphenazine Fluphenazine decanoate Fluphenazine enanthate Levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine) Mesoridazine Perazine Periciazine Perphenazine BL-1020 Perphenazine decanoate Perphenazine enanthate Piperacetazine Pipotiazine Pipotiazine palmitate Pipotiazine undecylenate Prochlorperazine Promazine Sulforidazine Thiopropazate Thioproperazine Thioridazine Trifluoperazine Triflupromazine Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene Clopenthixol Clopenthixol decanoate Flupentixol Flupentixol decanoate Tiotixene (thiothixene) Zuclopenthixol Zuclopenthixol acetate Zuclopenthixol decanoate
Disputed	Benzamides: Amisulpride Levosulpiride Nemonapride Remoxipride^‡ Sulpiride Sultopride Tiapride Veralipride^‡ Butyrophenones: Melperone Tricyclics: Carpipramine Clocapramine Clorotepine Clotiapine Loxapine Mosapramine Oxyprothepin decanoate Others: Molindone
Atypical	Benzisoxazole/benzisothiazoles: Iloperidone Lurasidone Paliperidone Paliperidone palmitate Perospirone Risperidone^# Ziprasidone Butyrophenones: Lumateperone Phenylpiperazines/quinolinones: Aripiprazole Aripiprazole lauroxil Brilaroxazine^† Brexpiprazole Cariprazine Tricyclics: Asenapine Clozapine^# Olanzapine (+samidorphan) Quetiapine Zotepine Others: Blonanserin Pimavanserin Sertindole
Others	Monoamine-depleting agents: Oxypertine Reserpine Tetrabenazine Others/unknown: Azacyclonol Xanomeline/trospium chloride
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

v t e Anxiolytics (N05B)
5-HT_1ARTooltip 5-HT1A receptor agonists	Buspirone Gepirone Tandospirone
GABA_ARTooltip GABAA receptor PAMsTooltip positive allosteric modulators	Benzodiazepines: Adinazolam Alprazolam Bromazepam Camazepam Chlordiazepoxide Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam Diazepam^# Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam Fludiazepam Halazepam Ketazolam Lorazepam^# Medazepam Nordazepam Oxazepam Pinazepam Prazepam; Others: Alpidem^‡ Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital) Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate) Carisoprodol Chlormezanone^‡ Ethanol (alcohol) Etifoxine
Hypnotics	Zopiclone
Gabapentinoids (α₂δ VDCC blockers)	Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Phenibut Pregabalin
Antidepressants	SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., escitalopram) SNRIsTooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., duloxetine) SARIsTooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., trazodone) TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., clomipramine^#) TeCAsTooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., mirtazapine) MAOIsTooltip Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine); Others: Agomelatine Bupropion Tianeptine Vilazodone Vortioxetine
Antipsychotics	Quetiapine Flupentixol
Sympatholytics (Antiadrenergics)	Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., prazosin) Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., clonidine, dexmedetomidine, guanfacine) Beta blockers (e.g., propranolol)
Others	Benzoctamine Cycloserine Fabomotizole Hydroxyzine Lorpiprazole Mebicar Mepiprazole Nicotine Opipramol Oxaflozane^‡ Phenaglycodol Phenibut Picamilon Selank Tiagabine Tofisopam Validolum
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

Hypnotics/sedatives (N05C)

GABA_A

Alcohols	2M2B Chloralodol Ethanol (alcohol) Diethylpropanediol Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Trichloroethanol
Barbiturates	Allobarbital Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbital Butabarbital Butobarbital Cyclobarbital Ethallobarbital Heptabarb Hexobarbital Mephobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Propylbarbital Proxibarbal Reposal Secobarbital Talbutal Thiamylal Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Vinbarbital Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines	Brotizolam Cinolazepam Climazolam Clonazolam Doxefazepam Estazolam Flubromazolam Flunitrazolam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Loprazolam Lormetazepam Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitemazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazolam Quazepam Temazepam Triazolam
Carbamates	Carisoprodol Emylcamate Ethinamate Hexapropymate Meprobamate Methocarbamol Phenprobamate Procymate Tybamate
Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate
Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Capuride Carbromal Ectylurea
Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone Alphadolone Alphaxolone Eltanolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Progesterone
Nonbenzodiazepines	Eszopiclone Indiplon Lirequinil Necopidem Pazinaclone Saripidem Suproclone Suriclone Zaleplon Zolpidem Zopiclone
Phenols	Propofol
Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Pyrithyldione Piperidione
Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164
Others	Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Bromide compounds Lithium bromide Potassium bromide Sodium bromide Centalun Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloralose Clomethiazole Dichloralphenazone Gaboxadol Kavalactones Loreclezole Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sulfonylalkanes Sulfonmethane (sulfonal) Tetronal Trional Triclofos Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic acid

GABA_B

H₁

Antihistamines	Captodiame Cyproheptadine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Methapyrilene Perlapine Pheniramine Promethazine Propiomazine
Antidepressants	Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors Etoperidone Nefazodone Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.

α₂-Adrenergic

5-HT_2A

Antidepressants	Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.
Others	Niaprazine

Melatonin

Orexin

α₂δ VDCC

Others

Antidepressants (N06A)

Specific reuptake inhibitors and/or receptor modulators

SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	Citalopram Escitalopram Fluoxetine^# Fluvoxamine Indalpine^‡ Paroxetine Sertraline Zimelidine^‡
SNRIsTooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors	Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Levomilnacipran Milnacipran Tofenacin Venlafaxine
NRIsTooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors	Atomoxetine Reboxetine Viloxazine
NDRIsTooltip Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors	Amineptine^‡ Bupropion Nomifensine^‡
NaSSAsTooltip Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants	Mianserin Mirtazapine Setiptiline
SARIsTooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors	Etoperidone Nefazodone Trazodone
SMSTooltip Serotonin modulator and stimulators	Vilazodone Vortioxetine
Others	Agomelatine Amisulpride Dextromethorphan/bupropion Esketamine Etryptamine^‡ Gepirone Indeloxazine Flupentixol Ketamine^§ Medifoxamine^‡ Metryptamine^‡ Oxaflozane^‡ Pivagabine^‡ Tandospirone Teniloxazine Tianeptine

Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants

TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants	Amineptine^‡ Amitriptyline^# Amitriptylinoxide Amoxapine Butriptyline^‡ Clomipramine^# Demexiptiline^‡ Desipramine Dibenzepin Dimetacrine^‡ Dosulepin Doxepin Imipramine Imipraminoxide^‡ Iprindole^‡ Lofepramine Melitracen Metapramine^‡ Nitroxazepine Nortriptyline Noxiptiline Opipramol Pipofezine Propizepine^‡ Protriptyline Quinupramine^‡ Tianeptine Trimipramine
TeCAsTooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants	Maprotiline Mianserin Mirtazapine Setiptiline
Others	Tiazesim

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Non-selective	Irreversible: Benmoxin^‡ Iproclozide^‡ Iproniazid^‡ Isocarboxazid Isoniazid^# Linezolid^# Mebanazine^‡ Nialamide^‡ Octamoxin^‡ Phenelzine Pheniprazine^‡ Phenoxypropazine^‡ Pivhydrazine^‡ Safrazine^‡ Tedizolid Tranylcypromine Reversible: Caroxazone^‡ Mixed: Bifemelane
MAO_ATooltip Monoamine oxidase A-selective	Reversible: Eprobemide Metralindole Minaprine^‡ Moclobemide Pirlindole Tetrindole Toloxatone
MAO_BTooltip Monoamine oxidase B-selective	Irreversible: Selegiline

Adjunctive therapies
Atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, lurasidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone) Buspirone Lithium (lithium carbonate, lithium citrate) Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T₃), levothyroxine (T₄))

Miscellaneous
Ademetionine (SAMe) GABAkine neurosteroids (brexanolone, zuranolone) Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) Oxitriptan (5-HTP) Rubidium chloride (RbCl) Tryptophan

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD, and nootropics (N06B)

N06BA
Centrally acting sympathomimetics

Dextromethamphetamine

Methylphenidate (Dexmethylphenidate)

Modafinil

Pemoline

Serdexmethylphenidate

Solriamfetol

N06BC
Xanthine derivatives

Caffeine

Propentofylline

N06BX
Other psychostimulants and nootropics

v t e Index of psychology and psychiatry
Description	Mental processes
Disorders	Mental and behavioral ADHD OCD Tourette's Mood Developmental pervasive dyslexia and specific Substance-related alcohol Emotional and behavioral disorders Symptoms and signs Evaluation and testing
Treatment	Psychotherapy CBT Drugs depression antipsychotics anxiety dementia hypnotics and sedatives

v t e Psychoanaleptics: Anti-dementia agents (ATC code N06D and others)
AChE inhibitor medications	Benzgalantamine Donepezil (+memantine) Galantamine Ipidacrine Rivastigmine Tacrine
Other medications	Aducanumab Bifemelane Donanemab Ginkgo folium Lecanemab Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine) Memantine (+donepezil) Nicergoline
Experimental BACE inhibitors	Lanabecestat Verubecestat

Acetylcholine receptor modulators

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators

mAChRs

Agonists

Antagonists

3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol)
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), cinnarizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, meclizine, mequitazine, perlapine, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, propiomazine, triprolidine)
AQ-RA 741
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine (+fluoxetine), rilapine, quetiapine, tenilapine, zotepine)
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
Bevonium
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
Drofenine
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium bromide
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol, +indacaterol, +neostigmine)
Hexahydrodifenidol
Hexahydrosiladifenidol
Hexbutinol
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol)
Isopropamide
J-104,129
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
pFHHSiD
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
Revefenacin
Rociverine
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Silahexacyclium
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., femoxetine, paroxetine)
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tiquizium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine), amitriptylinoxide, butriptyline, cidoxepin, clomipramine, desipramine, desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin, dosulepin (dothiepin), doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nitroxazepine, northiaden (desmethyldosulepin), nortriptyline, protriptyline, quinupramine, trimipramine)
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tripitamine (tripitramine)
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cyamemazine (cyamepromazine), loxapine, mesoridazine, thioridazine)
Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol)
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin

Precursors
(and prodrugs)

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators; Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators

nAChRs

Agonists
(and PAMs)

Antagonists
(and NAMs)

Precursors
(and prodrugs)

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators; Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators

v t e Treatment of drug dependence (N07B)
Nicotine dependence	Bupropion^# Cytisine Lobeline Mecamylamine Varenicline AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine)
Alcohol dependence	AD inhibitor Disulfiram Acamprosate Calcium carbimide Hydrogen cyanamide General anesthetics Nitrous oxide Opioid antagonists Naltrexone Nalmefene Topiramate AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine) Baclofen Phenibut
Opioid dependence	AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine Lofexidine) Ibogaine Opioids Buprenorphine (+naloxone) Levacetylmethadol Methadone Dihydrocodeine Dihydroetorphine Hydromorphone (extended-release) Morphine (extended-release) Opioid antagonists (Naltrexone Nalmefene)
Benzodiazepine dependence	AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine) Benzodiazepines (Diazepam Lorazepam Chlordiazepoxide Oxazepam) Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)

v t e Drugs used for vertigo (N07C)
Acetylleucine Betahistine Cinnarizine Cinnarizine/dimenhydrinate Dimenhydrinate Flunarizine Piracetam

v t e Other nervous system drugs (N07X)
Stroke	Tirilazad
ALS	Mecasermin rinfabate^† Riluzole Xaliproden
Other	Amifampridine Arimoclomol Edaravone Eplontersen Fampridine Hydroxybutyric acid Inotersen Laquinimod Patisiran Pitolisant Sodium oxybate Sodium phenylbutyrate/ursodoxicoltaurine Tafamidis Tofersen Troriluzole Vutrisiran hyperkinesis Deutetrabenazine Tetrabenazine Valbenazine
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolata antiparasitics (P01)

Alveo-
late

Apicom-
plexa

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazolides (nitazoxanide)
Isosporiasis	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#
Toxoplasmosis	pyrimethamine sulfadiazine clindamycin atovaquone

Aconoidasida

Malaria

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

Aminoquinolines	(4-): amodiaquine^# chloroquine^# hydroxychloroquine^# (8-): primaquine^# pamaquine^‡ tafenoquine
4-Methanolquinolines	mefloquine^# quinine^# quinidine
Other	lumefantrine + artemether^# halofantrine

Antifolates

DHFR inhibitors	pyrimethamine cycloguanil biguanides chlorproguanil proguanil^#
Sulfonamides	sulfadoxine sulfalene
Co-formulation	sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)^#

Sesquiterpene
lactones

Other

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (co-formulated) ACTs	artemether/lumefantrine^# arterolane/piperaquine artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ) artesunate/mefloquine (ASMQ) artesunate/pyronaridine piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin
Other combinations (not co-formulated)	artesunate/mefloquine artesunate/SP quinine/clindamycin quinine/doxycycline quinine/tetracycline

Babesiosis

clindamycin

Cilio-
phora

Balantidiasis: tetracycline

Stramen-
opile

Blastocystosis: metronidazole

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Antiparasitics directed at excavata parasites (P01)

Discicristata

Trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis	ornithine (Eflornithine^#) arsenical (Atoxyl, Melarsoprol^#, Tryparsamide) benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) naphthalenesulfonate (Suramin^#) nitroimidazole (Fexinidazole^†)
Chagas disease	nitroimidazole (Benznidazole^#) nitrofuran (Nifurtimox^#)

Leishmaniasis

polyene (Amphotericin B^#)

Pentavalent antimonials (Meglumine antimoniate^#, Sodium stibogluconate)

PAM

polyene (Amphotericin B)

Trichozoa

Giardiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole) benzimidazole (Albendazole) thiazolide (Nitazoxanide) nitrofuran (Furazolidone) aminoacridine (Quinacrine)
Trichomoniasis	nitroimidazole (Carnidazole, Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole)
Dientamoebiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole Secnidazole) oxyquinoline (Iodoquinol) tetracycline (Doxycycline) neomycin (Paromomycin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01)

Entamoeba

Tissue amebicides

Nitroimidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# Tinidazole Ornidazole Nimorazole Secnidazole Azanidazole Propenidazole
Other	isoquinoline (Emetine/Dehydroemetine)

Luminal amebicides

Hydroxyquinoline derivatives	Cl (Chlorquinaldol) Br (Tilbroquinol Broxyquinoline) I (Diiodohydroxyquinoline) I, Cl (Clioquinol) related: Chiniofon
Dichloroacetamide derivatives	Diloxanide^# Clefamide Etofamide Teclozan
Aminoglycoside	Paromomycin^#

Other/ungrouped

Acanthamoeba

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Antiparasitics – Anthelmintics (P02) and endectocides (QP54)

Antiplatyhelmintic agents

Antitrematodals
(schistosomicides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole Triclabendazole^#
AChE inhibitor	phosphonic acid Metrifonate^‡
Other/unknown	quinoline Arpraziquantel Praziquantel^# (+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin) Oxamniquine^# phenol Bithionol thiazole Niridazole thioxanthone Hycanthone Lucanthone antimony compounds Stibophen Tartar emetic^‡

Anticestodals
(taeniacides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole Albendazole^#
Other/unknown	quinoline Praziquantel^# (+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin) salicylanilide Niclosamide^# aminoacridine Quinacrine butyrophenone Desaspidin chlorophenol Dichlorophen

Antinematodal agents
(including
macrofilaricides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole Mebendazole^# Albendazole^# Tiabendazole Fenbendazole Ciclobendazole Flubendazole
Glutamate-gated chloride channel, GABA receptor	avermectins Abamectin Doramectin Emamectin Eprinomectin (+esafoxolaner/praziquantel) Ivermectin^# Selamectin milbemycins Moxidectin (+fluralaner) Milbemycin oxime
NMDA	tetrahydropyrimidine Pyrantel^# pyrantel pamoate Oxantel Morantel Carbantel Febantel (aka felsantel)
Other/unknown	piperazine Piperazine Diethylcarbamazine^# thiazole Levamisole^# quinolinium Pyrvinium benzylammonium Bephenium naphthalenesulfonate Suramin^# Ascaridole^‡ Hexylresorcinol Santonin^‡ Tribendimidine Tetrachloroethylene^‡

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Ectoparasiticides / arthropod (P03A)

Insecticide/pediculicide

Chlorine-containing products	Lindane
Chloride channel	Ivermectin
Organophosphate	Malathion

Acaricide/miticide/scabicide

Pyrethrines	Permethrin^# Pyrethrum Phenothrin Bioallethrin
Chloride channel	Ivermectin
Sulfur-containing products	Disulfiram Dixanthogen Mesulfen Thiram
Chlorine-containing products	Lindane
Benzoate	Benzyl benzoate^#
Organophosphate	Malathion
Other/ungrouped	Dimethicone Quassia toluidine (Crotamiton)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

v t e Pest control: Insecticides
Carbamates	Aldicarb Aminocarb Bendiocarb Butocarboxim Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbosulfan m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate Ethienocarb Fenobucarb Isoprocarb Methomyl Metolcarb Oxamyl Promecarb Propoxur
Inorganic compounds	Aluminium phosphide Boric acid Chromated copper arsenate Copper(II) arsenate Copper(I) cyanide Cryolite Diatomaceous earth Lead hydrogen arsenate Paris Green Scheele's Green
Insect growth regulators	Benzoylureas Diflubenzuron Flufenoxuron Hydroprene Lufenuron Methoprene Pyriproxyfen
Neonicotinoids	Acetamiprid Clothianidin Dinotefuran Imidacloprid Imidaclothiz Nitenpyram Nithiazine Paichongding Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam
Organochlorides	Aldrin Beta-HCH Carbon tetrachloride Chlordane Cyclodiene 1,2-DCB 1,4-DCB 1,1-DCE 1,2-DCE DDD DDE DDT DFDT Dicofol Dieldrin Endosulfan Endrin Heptachlor Kepone Lindane Methoxychlor Mirex Tetradifon Toxaphene
Organophosphorus	Acephate Azamethiphos Azinphos-methyl Bensulide Chlorethoxyfos Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-methyl Coumaphos Demeton-S-methyl Diazinon Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Diisopropyl fluorophosphate Dimefox Dimethoate Dioxathion Disulfoton Ethion Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fenthion Fosthiazate Isoxathion Malathion Methamidophos Methidathion Mevinphos Mipafox Monocrotophos Naled Omethoate Oxydemeton-methyl Parathion Parathion-methyl Phenthoate Phorate Phosalone Phosmet Phoxim Pirimiphos-methyl Quinalphos R-16661 Schradan Temefos Tebupirimfos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Tribufos Trichlorfon
Pyrethroids	Acrinathrin Allethrins Bifenthrin Bioallethrin Cyfluthrin Cyhalothrin Cypermethrin Cyphenothrin Deltamethrin Empenthrin Esfenvalerate Etofenprox Fenpropathrin Fenvalerate Flumethrin Fluvalinate Imiprothrin Metofluthrin Permethrin Phenothrin Prallethrin Pyrethrin (I, II; chrysanthemic acid) Pyrethrum Resmethrin Silafluofen Tefluthrin Tetramethrin Tralomethrin Transfluthrin
Diamides	Chlorantraniliprole Cyantraniliprole Flubendiamide
Other chemicals	Afoxolaner Amitraz Azadirachtin Bensultap Buprofezin Cartap Chlordimeform Chlorfenapyr Cyromazine Fenazaquin Fenoxycarb Fipronil Fluralaner Hydramethylnon Indoxacarb Limonene Lotilaner (+milbemycin oxime) Pyridaben Pyriprole Sarolaner Adjuvants (Piperonyl butoxide, Sesamex) Spinosad Sulfluramid Tebufenozide Tebufenpyrad Veracevine Xanthone Metaflumizone Ryanodine Ryanodol
Metabolites	Oxon Malaoxon Paraoxon TCPy
Biopesticides	Bacillus thuringiensis Baculovirus Beauveria bassiana Beauveria brongniartii Isaria fumosorosea Metarhizium acridum Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi Lecanicillium lecanii Paenibacillus popilliae Purpureocillium lilacinum Spinosad

Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01)

Topical

Sympathomimetics, plain	Amidephrine Cyclopentamine Ephedrine Epinephrine Fenoxazoline Iproheptine Levmetamfetamine Methylephedrine Metizoline Naphazoline Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Propylhexedrine Tetryzoline Tramazoline Tuaminoheptane Tymazoline Xylometazoline
Antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids	Spaglumic acid histamine antagonists (Levocabastine Antazoline Thonzylamine) mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines) (Cromoglicic acid Nedocromil Azelastine Olopatadine Lodoxamide)
Corticosteroids	Beclometasone dipropionate Betamethasone^# Budesonide Ciclesonide Dexamethasone Flunisolide Fluticasone (Fluticasone furoate, Fluticasone propionate) Mometasone furoate Prednisolone^# Tixocortol Triamcinolone Triamcinolone acetonide
Other nasal preparations	Cafaminol Calcium hexamine thiocyanate Eucalyptus oil Framycetin Hexamidine Hyaluronan Ipratropium bromide Mupirocin Retinol Ritiometan Saline water
Combination products	Olopatadine/mometasone

Systemic use:
Sympathomimetics

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

v t e Throat preparations (R02)
Antiseptics	Acriflavinium chloride Ambazone Amylmetacresol Benzalkonium Benzethonium Cetrimonium (bromide/chloride) Cetylpyridinium Chlorhexidine Chlorquinaldol Dequalinium Dichlorobenzyl alcohol Hexamidine Hexetidine Hexylresorcinol Myristyl-benzalkonium Oxyquinoline Phenol Povidone-iodine
Antibiotics	Bacitracin Fusafungine Gramicidin Neomycin Tyrothricin
Local anesthetics	Benzocaine Cocaine Dyclonine Lidocaine
Other	Flurbiprofen

Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD (R03)

Adrenergics, inhalants

Short-acting β₂ agonists	Bitolterol Carbuterol Fenoterol Isoetarine Pirbuterol Procaterol Reproterol Rimiterol Salbutamol (albuterol)^#/Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol) Terbutaline Tulobuterol
Long-acting β₂ agonists	Bambuterol Clenbuterol Formoterol/Arformoterol Salmeterol
Ultra-long-acting β₂ agonists	Abediterol Carmoterol Indacaterol Olodaterol Vilanterol
Other	Clorprenaline Ephedrine (+theophylline, +theophylline/phenobarbital, theophylline/hydroxyzine) Epinephrine^# Etafedrine Hexoprenaline Isoprenaline (isoproterenol) Methylephedrine Orciprenaline (metaproterenol) Racephedrine

Glucocorticoids

Anticholinergics/
muscarinic antagonist

Mast cell stabilizers

Xanthines

Eicosanoid inhibition

Leukotriene antagonists	Montelukast Pranlukast Zafirlukast
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors	Zileuton
Thromboxane receptor antagonists	Ramatroban Seratrodast
Non-xanthine PDE4 inhibitors	Ibudilast Roflumilast

Others/unknown

Combination products

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Cough and cold preparations (R05)

Expectorants

Mucolytics

Cough suppressants

Opium alkaloids,
opioids,
and derivatives

Acetyldihydrocodeine
Benzylmorphine
Butorphanol
Codeine^# (+guaifenesin)
Dextromethorphan
Dihydrocodeine
Dimemorfan
Ethylmorphine
Heroin
Hydrocodone (+guaifenesin, +homatropine)
Hydromorphone
Laudanum
Levomethadone
Levopropoxyphene
Methadone
Nicocodeine
Nicodicodeine
Normethadone
Noscapine
Pholcodine
Thebacon

Other

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

v t e Antihistamines (R06)
Benzimidazoles (*)	Astemizole Azelastine Bilastine Emedastine Mizolastine Talastine
Diarylmethanes	Diarylmethoxyalkylamines: Bromazine (bromodiphenhydramine) Carbinoxamine Chlorphenoxamine Clemastine Diphenhydramine (+naproxen) Diphenylpyraline Doxylamine Ebastine Orphenadrine Diphenylmethanolpiperidines: Fexofenadine Terfenadine Diphenylmethylpiperazines: Buclizine Cetirizine Levocetirizine Chlorcyclizine Cinnarizine Cyclizine Etodroxizine Hydroxyzine Meclizine Oxatomide Phenylpyridinylpropanamines: Brompheniramine Chlorphenamine Dexbrompheniramine (+pseudoephedrine) Dexchlorpheniramine (+betamethasone) Pheniramine Others: Acrivastine Bamipine Dimetindene Phenyltoloxamine Pyrrobutamine Quifenadine Triprolidine
Ethylenediamines	Antazoline Chloropyramine Histapyrrodine Mepyramine (pyrilamine) Methapyrilene Phenbenzamine Thenalidine Tripelennamine (pyribenzamine)
Tricyclics	Dibenzocycloheptenes: Antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline) Azatadine Cyproheptadine Deptropine Desloratadine Ketotifen Loratadine Rupatadine Phenothiazines: Alimemazine Fenethazine Hydroxyethylpromethazine Isothipendyl Mequitazine Methdilazine Oxomemazine Promethazine Others: Antidepressants (e.g., doxepin, mirtazapine, trimipramine) Epinastine Latrepirdine Mebhydrolin Olopatadine Perlapine Phenindamine Pimethixene
Others	Phenylpiperazines: Antidepressants (e.g., trazodone) Phenbenzamine
For topical use	Bamipine Chloropyramine Chlorphenoxamine Clemastine Dimetindene Diphenhydramine Doxepin Isothipendyl Mepyramine (pyrilamine) Promethazine

v t e Other respiratory system products (R07)
Lung surfactants	Colfosceril palmitate Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
Respiratory stimulants	Almitrine Amiphenazole Bemegride Dimefline Doxapram Etamivan GAL-021 Mepixanox Nikethamide Pentetrazol Prethcamide
5-HT4 receptor agonists	BIMU-8 Zacopride
Other agents for treating respiratory depression	Ivacaftor (+ lumacaftor, + tezacaftor, + elexacaftor/tezacaftor) Nitric oxide BW373U86 CX-546 CX-717

v t e Ophthalmologicals: anti-infectives (S01A)
Antibiotics	amphenicols (Chloramphenicol Azidamfenicol) tetracyclines (Tetracycline Chlortetracycline Oxytetracycline) aminoglycosides (Dihydrostreptomycin Neomycin Framycetin Kanamycin Amikacin Tobramycin Gentamicin Netilmicin Micronomicin) macrolides (Erythromycin Natamycin) beta-lactams (Ampicillin Benzylpenicillin) polypeptides (Polymyxin B Tyrothricin) Rifamycin Fusidic acid
Sulfonamides	Sulfacetamide Sulfadicramide Sulfafenazol Sulfafurazole Sulfamethizole
Antivirals	Aciclovir Famciclovir Fomivirsen Ganciclovir Idoxuridine Interferon Trifluridine Vidarabine
Fluoroquinolones	Besifloxacin Ciprofloxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin (+dexamethasone) Lomefloxacin Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Tosufloxacin
Other	Bibrocathol Chlorhexidine Dibrompropamidine Hexamidine Nitrofural Picloxydine Polihexanide Povidone-iodine Propamidine Resorcinol Sodium borate Sodium propionate

Drugs used for glaucoma preparations and miosis (S01E)

Sympathomimetics

Parasympathomimetics

muscarinic	Aceclidine Pilocarpine
muscarinic/nicotinic	Acetylcholine Carbachol
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors	Demecarium Ecothiopate Stigmine (Fluostigmine Neostigmine Physostigmine) Paraoxon

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides)

Beta blocking agents

Prostaglandin analogues (F_2α)

Other agents

v t e Ophthalmologicals: mydriasis and cycloplegia (S01F)
Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics	Atropine Scopolamine Methylscopolamine Cyclopentolate Homatropine Tropicamide (+phenylephrine)
Sympathomimetics	Ephedrine Hydroxyamphetamine (norpholedrine) Ibopamine Phenylephrine (+ketorolac) Pholedrine

v t e Ophthalmologicals: ocular vascular disorder agents (S01L)
Antineovascularisation agents	Aflibercept Anecortave Bevacizumab Brolucizumab Faricimab Pegaptanib Ranibizumab Verteporfin

v t e Drugs used for diseases of the ear (S02)
Infection	Acetic acid Aluminium acetotartrate Aluminium triacetate (Burow's solution) Boric acid Chloramphenicol Chlorhexidine Ciprofloxacin Clioquinol Gentamicin Hydrogen peroxide Miconazole Neomycin Nitrofurazone Ofloxacin Polymyxin B Rifamycin Tetracycline
Corticosteroids	Betamethasone Dexamethasone Fluocinolone acetonide Hydrocortisone Prednisolone
Analgesics and anesthetics	Lidocaine Cocaine Phenazone

Antidotes (V03AB)

Nervous
system

Alcohol intoxication	Metadoxine Thiamine
Barbiturate overdose	Bemegride Ethamivan
Benzodiazepine overdose	Cyprodenate Flumazenil
GHB overdose	Physostigmine SCH-50911
Nerve agent / Organophosphate poisoning	Atropine^# Biperiden Diazepam^# Oximes Obidoxime Pralidoxime see also: Cholinesterase
Opioid overdose	Diprenorphine Doxapram Nalmefene Nalorphine Naloxone^# Naltrexone
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade	Sugammadex

Circulatory
system

Beta blocker	Glucagon
Digoxin toxicity	Digoxin immune fab
Anticoagulants	against direct Xa inhibitors (Andexanet alfa) against heparin (Protamine^#)

Other

Arsenic poisoning	Dimercaprol^# Succimer
Cyanide poisoning	4-Dimethylaminophenol Hydroxocobalamin nitrite Amyl nitrite Sodium nitrite^# Sodium thiosulfate^#
Hydrofluoric acid	Calcium gluconate^#
Methanol / Ethylene glycol poisoning	Primary alcohols: Ethanol Fomepizole
Paracetamol toxicity (Acetaminophen)	Acetylcysteine^# Glutathione Methionine^#
Toxic metals (cadmium lead mercury thallium)	Dimercaprol^# Edetates Prussian blue^#
Other	iodine-131 Potassium iodide Methylthioninium chloride^# oxidizing agent Potassium permanganate Prednisolone/promethazine

Emetic

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

v t e Chelating agents / chelation therapy (V03AC, others)
Copper	Penicillamine^#
Iron	Deferasirox Deferiprone Deferoxamine^#
Lead	BAL^# EDTA^# Dexrazoxane
Thallium	Prussian blue^#
Other	ALA BAPTA DMPS DMSA^# DTPA EGTA
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

v t e Drugs for treatment of hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia (V03AE)
Potassium binders	Patiromer Polystyrene sulfonate Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
Phosphate binders	Aluminium hydroxide Calcium acetate Calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Colestilan Lanthanum carbonate Sevelamer Sucroferric oxyhydroxide

v t e Detoxifying agents for chemotherapy treatment (V03AF)
Folic acid / methotrexate	Salts of Folinic acid calcium folinate/calcium levofolinate sodium folinate/sodium levofolinate
Uric acid (TLS)	Rasburicase
Acrolein / nitrogen mustards	Mesna
Iron / anthracyclines	Dexrazoxane
Alkylating agents	Amifostine
Keratinocyte growth factor	Palifermin
Other	Arginine/lysine Glucarpidase Trilaciclib

v t e Other therapeutic products (V03AG–V03AZ)
Treatment of hypercalcemia	Sodium cellulose phosphate
Treatment of hypoglycaemia	Diazoxide
Medical gases	Oxygen Carbon dioxide Helium Nitrogen

Diagnostic agents (V04)

Digestive system

Diabetes	Glucose Tolbutamide
Fat absorption	Vitamin A concentrates
Bile duct patency	Ceruletide Magnesium sulfate Sincalide Sorbitol
Liver functional capacity	Galactose Sulfobromophthalein
Gastric secretion	Betazole Caffeine and sodium benzoate Cation exchange resins Histamine phosphate Methylthioninium chloride Pentagastrin
Exocrine pancreatic function	Bentiromide Pancreozymin cholecystokinin Secretin

Endocrine system

Pituitary function	cortisol Corticorelin Metyrapone GH Pralmorelin Sermorelin Somatorelin
Thyroid function	Protirelin Thyrotropin
Fertility disturbances	Gonadorelin

Tuberculosis

Tuberculin

Renal function

Contrast media (V08)

X-ray and CT

Iodinated,
Water soluble

Nephrotropic, high osmolar	Diatrizoic acid^# Metrizoic acid Iodamide Iotalamic acid Ioxitalamic acid Ioglicic acid Acetrizoic acid Iocarmic acid Methiodal Diodone
Nephrotropic, low osmolar	Metrizamide Iohexol^# Ioxaglic acid Iopamidol Iopromide Iotrolan Ioversol Iopentol Iodixanol Iomeprol Iobitridol Ioxilan
Hepatotropic	Iodoxamic acid Iotroxic acid^# Ioglycamic acid Adipiodone Iobenzamic acid Iopanoic acid Iocetamic acid Sodium iopodate Tyropanoic acid Calcium iopodate

Iodinated,
Water insoluble

Ethiodized oil (= Ethyl esters of iodised fatty acids, lipiodol)
Iopydol
Propyliodone
Iofendylate^‡

Non-iodinated

Barium sulfate^#

MRI

Paramagnetic	Gadolinium-based: Gadobenic acid Gadobutrol Gadodiamide Gadofosveset Gadolinium Gadopentetic acid Gadopiclenol Gadoteric acid Gadoteridol Gadoversetamide Gadoxetic acid Other: Ferric ammonium citrate Mangafodipir^‡
Superparamagnetic	Ferumoxsil Ferristene Iron oxide, nanoparticles
Other	Perflubron

Ultrasound

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals (V09)

Central nervous system

Skeletal system

^99mTc (Medronic acid)

Renal

Gastrointestinal/Hepatic

⁷⁵Se (SeHCAT)

Respiratory system

Cardiovascular system

Inflammation/infection

Tumor

Adrenal cortex

¹²³I
¹²⁵I / ¹³¹I (Iodocholesterol)

Radionuclides
(including tracers)

positron (PET list)

¹¹C ([¹¹C]ME@HAPTHI)
25B-NBOMe (Cimbi-36)
Acetate
Choline
Carfentanil
DASB
DTBZ
Flumazenil
Methionine
N-Methylspiperone
Pittsburgh compound B
Raclopride
Verapamil)
¹³N
- Ammonia
⁶⁴Cu
Desmethoxyfallypride
Fallypride
Florbetaben (18F)
Florbetapir (18F)
Flortaucipir (18F)
Flotufolastat F-18
Flubatine
Fluciclovine
Fludeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG)-glucose analogue
Flumazenil
¹⁸F (Altanserin)
Fluorocholine
Fluorodeoxysorbitol (FDS)
Fluorodopa
Fluoroestradiol F-18
Fluorothymidine F-18
Flurpiridaz (18F)
Fluspidine
Flutemetamol
FMISO
Gallium (⁶⁸Ga) gozetotide
⁶⁸Ga
Mefway
MPPF
N-Methylspiperone
Nifene
FET
¹⁵O (Water)
Piflufolastat F-18
⁸²Rb (Rubidium chloride)
Setoperone)

gamma ray/photon (SPECT/scintigraphy)

Isotopes used:

Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals (V10)

Pain palliation

Adrenergic tumors

¹³¹I
- Iobenguane

CD20 antibodies

Radionuclides

alpha emitters	²²³Ra (Radium chloride) ²²⁵Ac ²¹³Bi
beta emitters	³²P ⁸⁹Sr ⁹⁰Y ¹³¹I ¹⁵³Sm ¹⁶⁵Dy ¹⁶⁹Er ¹⁷⁷Lu (Oxodotreotide) ¹⁸⁶Re ¹⁹⁸Au

Isotopes used: