Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.[12]
Vladimir Oblast | |
|---|---|
| Владимирская область | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Anthem of the Vladimir Oblast [3] | |
_-_Vladimir_Oblast.svg) | |
| Coordinates: 56°05′N 40°37′E / 56.083°N 40.617°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | Central[1] |
| Economic region | Central[2] |
| Administrative center | Vladimir[4] |
| Government | |
| • Body | Legislative Assembly[5] |
| • Governor[5] | Aleksandr Avdeyev |
| Area | |
| • Total | 29,084 km2 (11,229 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 66th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,348,134 |
| • Estimate (2018)[8] | 1,378,337 |
| • Rank | 33rd |
| • Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 77.6% |
| • Rural | 22.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [9]) |
| ISO 3166 code | RU-VLA |
| License plates | 33 |
| OKTMO ID | 17000000 |
| Official languages | Russian[10] |
| Website | http://www.avo.ru |
The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Geography
editVladimir Oblast borders Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Ryazan, and Nizhny Novgorod Oblasts. The oblast is situated in the center of the East European Plain. The Klyazma and the Oka are the most important rivers. There are approximately three hundred lakes. The oblast is situated in a zone of mixed forests. The region's geology is characterized by a variety of sedimentary and igneous rocks, including sandstone, shale, limestone, granite, and diabase. There are also several mineral deposits in the oblast, including iron ore, apatite, and phosphate. Some notable natural landmarks in the oblast include the Klyazma Reservoir and the Suzdal Kremlin, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Additionally, there are several nature reserves and parks in the oblast, such as the Meshchyora National Park and the Ugra National Park.[13]
Fauna
editThe oblast's fauna currently includes more than fifty species of mammals (some examples including elk, wild boar, roe deer, red and sika deer, lynx, wolf, squirrel, rabbit, marten, fox, weasel, badger and other fur-bearing animals), five species of reptiles, and ten species of amphibians. The semiaquatic Russian desman is listed in the Russian Red Book of endangered species. The region is inhabited by 216 species of birds, among which are the capercaillie, black grouse, grouse, partridge, woodcock, goose, duck, etc. The lesser white-fronted goose is listed in the Red Book.
Hunting season runs from October to February with the following license and permit restrictions:
- Elk, wild boar, red deer, and sika deer from mid-November through mid-January
- Hare from October through January
- Grouse, black grouse, woodcock, duck and goose for 10 days in April.
Bodies of water in the region are rich in numerous species (about 40) of fresh-water fish (e.g. eel, roach, pike, perch, bream, rudd, and sturgeon in the Klyazma River), which support ice fishing in winter. Additionally, the oblast has several hunting farms.
Hydrography
editThe total expanse of the oblast's surface waters is 32.9 hectares.
The region has hundreds of rivers with a total length of more than 8.6 million kilometers—there are 560 rivers and streams throughout the oblast. The Klyazma River flows into the Oka River on the south-eastern edge of the oblast's border with the Nizhny Novgorod Region. The Klyazma River's major tributaries in the Vladimir Region are the Sherna (with the Molokcha flowing into it), the Kirzhach (with its own tributaries being the Big and Small Kirzhach), the Peksha, the Koloksha, the Nerl, the Sudogda, the Uvod, the Lukh and the Suvorosch. Tributaries of the Oka within Vladimir oblast are the Gus, Unzha, and Ushna rivers. The Dubna River, a tributary of the Volga River, originates near the town of Alexandrov. The Oka River is navigable throughout the region (157 km). The rivers in the region are characterized by their flat currents, broad valleys and meandering channels. Water levels are characterized by their high spring tides, low water periods over summer-autumn with occasional flooding during heavy rains, and stable/low levels throughout the winter.
There are about three hundred lakes covering an area of five thousand hectares. Most of them are small and undrained and many are overgrown with a peat layer. The origin of the lakes varies. Numerous oxbow lakes are scattered along the river valleys. The largest of them are Lake Urvanovskoe (12 km long) and Lake Visha (length about 10 km). In the Meshchera Lowlands and in the northwest of the oblast are lakes of ancient alluvial valleys: Isikhry, Svyatoe and others. Lakes of karst origin, located in the lower reaches of the Klyazma and in the center of Vyaznikovsky District (a northeastern district in the oblast), have highly mineralized water and are associated with underground watercourses. The largest and deepest of them is Lake Kshchara. In the districts of Alexandrov and Yuryev-Polsky glacial lakes are small in size.
The main masses of wetlands in the region (total area of 37.4 thousand hectares) occur in Meshchera and Balakhna (in the northeast of the oblast) lowlands.
Climate
editVladimir Oblast has a humid continental climate. The region experiences a significant temperature range between day and night during the summer months, which can lead to frequent thunderstorms.
The oblast receives an average of 600-700 millimeters of precipitation annually, with most of it falling in the summer months. Snowfall is common in the winter months, with an average of 50-60 centimeters (20-24 inches) of snowfall per year.
The climate of Vladimir Oblast is influenced by its location in the center of the East European Plain and its distance from the ocean. The oblast is situated far from any major bodies of water, which means that it experiences a greater temperature range and less moderating effects from maritime air masses than regions closer to the coast. However, the region is also shielded from harsh arctic air masses by the Ural Mountains, which lie to the east.[13]
History
editThe territory of modern Vladimir Oblast has been populated since ancient times. The oldest known traces of human settlement date to the Upper Paleolithic. A settlement of Homo Sapiens dating back to between 32,050 BC and 28,550 BC was discovered in the area of Sungir, located around 200 km east of Moscow.[14]
The region of Vladimir were inhabited by different people like Slavs, Tatars, Finno-Ugrics and Balts. The East Slavic tribe of the Buzhans originated in the Vladimir region. Archaeological excavations of Volga Finn settlements document also the Finno-Ugric roots of this land. Merya, Muromian, and Meshchera are inhabited territory of the region during this period.
Since the 10th century AD, Slavic colonization of the area began in Murom and Suzdal. The current territory of Vladimir Oblast became was part of Kievan Rus. After the breakdown of the authority of Kievan Rus, the region became part of the Rostov-Suzdal principality in the 11th century and then the Vladimir-Suzdal principality in the 12th century. The Vladimir region rapidly developed in the mid-12th century during the rule of Yuri Dolgorukiy and Andrey Bogolyubsky. New townships arose—Yuriev-Polsky, Yaropolch-Zalessky, Gorokhovets, Starodub-on-the-Klyazma, Mstislavl—along with princely residences in Kideksha and Bogolyubovo.
The Vladimir Highway, a pre-modern civilian road that has been in use since at least the 14th century, traverses the region, bringing people between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.[15]
Most, if not all, of modern Vladimir, during the Soviet period, seems to have been part of Ivanovo Oblast until it became a separate Federal Subject in 1944.[16]
Politics
edit
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Vladimir CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Vladimir Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The current Charter was accepted by the Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast on 14 August 2001.
Legislative branch
editThe Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it.
The current 6th convocation was elected in the elections on 8 September 2013 under a mixed system (19 deputies were elected in single-mandate constituencies, 19 on the lists of political parties). Most of the seats are held by United Russia - 32, the Communist Party - 3, the Liberal Democratic Party - 2, A Just Russia - 1. Vladimir Kiselyov (United Russia) was elected Chairman of the Legislative Assembly. On 17 August 2015, Deputy Sergei Kuryshyov (United Russia), who was sentenced to five and a half years in a colony-settlement for a fatal accident while drunk, was prematurely deprived of his mandate.[17]
Executive branch
editThe highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
The governor is elected by citizens of the Russian Federation residing in the territory of the Vladimir Oblast and possessing active suffrage based on universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of 5 years. Since October 2021, the position has been occupied by Aleksandr Avdeyev, having also won the 2022 Vladimir Oblast gubernatorial election.
Judicial branch
editJudicial power is exercised by the federal courts, the Vladimir Oblast Court, the Arbitration Court of the Vladimir Oblast, and the Justices of the Peace of the Vladimir Oblast.
Representatives in the Federal Assembly
editLike every federal subject, the Federation Council of the Vladimir Oblast has two representatives: one from the legislative assembly and one from the republic's government.
| Representative | Branch of power | Appointee | Position (at the time of nomination) | Term of office | Position in the Federation Council |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olga Khokhlova | legislative | 26 deputies legislative assembly of the 7th convocation, elected in the 2018 elections | Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Vladimir Oblast of the 5th and 6th convocations, United Russia | 5 years, from 5 October 2018 to September 2023 | member of the social policy committee |
| Andrey Shokhin | executive | Alexksandr Avdeyev, elected governor in the 2022 elections | head of administration of the city of Vladimir | 5 years, from 17 September 2022 to September 2027 | Member of the Committee on Federal Structure, Regional Policy, Local Self-Government and Northern Affairs |
In the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the 8th convocation (2021-2026), two deputies from the Vladimir Oblast were elected in two constituencies: in constituency No. 79 - Igor Igoshin, in constituency No. 80 - Grigory Anikeyev.[18]
According to party lists of the single federal district (proportional system) in the regional group Vladimir Oblast, three candidates received mandates: Nikolai Burlyaev (A Just Russia), Aleksey Govyrin (United Russia), and Roman Lyabikhov (Communist Party).
Administrative divisions
editEconomy and transportation
editThe largest companies in the region include the local branches of Mondelez International (revenues of $738.74 million in 2017) and Ferrero SpA ($625.61 million), Treyd Servis (baby food manufacturer, $449.07 million), Starodvorskiye Kolbasy (sausage producer, $277.67 million).[19]
The Gusevskoye peat narrow gauge railway for hauling peat operates in the Gus-Khrustalny District.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 1,515,691 | — |
| 1926 | 1,321,140 | −12.8% |
| 1939 | 1,351,419 | +2.3% |
| 1959 | 1,402,910 | +3.8% |
| 1970 | 1,510,913 | +7.7% |
| 1979 | 1,580,382 | +4.6% |
| 1989 | 1,653,938 | +4.7% |
| 2002 | 1,523,990 | −7.9% |
| 2010 | 1,443,693 | −5.3% |
| 2021 | 1,348,134 | −6.6% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Population: 1,348,134 (2021 Census);[20] 1,443,693 (2010 Census);[12] 1,523,990 (2002 Census);[21] 1,653,938 (1989 Soviet census).[22]
Vital statistics for 2022:[23][24]
- Births: 8,788 (6.7 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 22,542 (17.1 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):[25]
1.16 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):[26]
Total — 68.11 years (male — 63.18, female — 73.00)
Ethnic composition (2010):[12]
- Russians: 95.6%
- Ukrainians: 0.9%
- Tatars: 0.5%
- Armenians: 0.5%
- Belarusians: 0.3%
- Others: 2.2%
- 95,410 people were registered from administrative databases, and did not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[27]
Settlements
editLargest cities or towns in Vladimir Oblast
2010 Russian Census | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
 Vladimir  Kovrov |
1 | Vladimir | City of oblast significance of Vladimir | 345,373 |  Murom  Alexandrov | ||||
| 2 | Kovrov | Kovrovsky District | 145,214 | ||||||
| 3 | Murom | Muromsky District | 116,075 | ||||||
| 4 | Alexandrov | Alexandrovsky District | 61,551 | ||||||
| 5 | Gus-Khrustalny | Gus-Khrustalny District | 60,784 | ||||||
| 6 | Kolchugino | Kolchuginsky District | 45,776 | ||||||
| 7 | Vyazniki | Vyaznikovsky District | 41,248 | ||||||
| 8 | Kirzhach | Kirzhachsky District | 29,965 | ||||||
| 9 | Yuryev-Polsky | Yuryev-Polsky District | 19,595 | ||||||
| 10 | Sobinka | Sobinsky District | 19,482 | ||||||
Religion
editAccording to a 2012 survey[28] 42.3% of the population of Vladimir Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5.1% are unaffiliated Christians, 1.2% are Eastern Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to the church or belong to other (non-Russian) Eastern Orthodox churches, and 0.5% of the population are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery). In addition, 32% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13.9% is atheist, and 4.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[28]
Notable people
edit- Edward Shatov (born 1973), Russian Catholic priest, director of Center for Family of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ "ГИМН ВЛАДИМИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ". vgso.ru. Государственное автономное учреждение культуры Владимирской области.
- ^ Charter of Vladimir Oblast, Article 9
- ^ a b Charter of Vladimir Oblast, Article 3
- ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ Charter of Vladimir Oblast, Article 1
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b Koster, Eduard A. "Chapter 8 section 3.4". The physical geography of Western Europe. ISBN 978-0-19-191763-9. OCLC 1222774379.
- ^ Sikora, Martin; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Sousa, Vitor C; Albrechtsen, Anders; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Ko, Amy; Rasmussen, Simon; Dupanloup, Isabelle; Nigst, Philip R; Bosch, Marjolein D; Renaud, Gabriel; Allentoft, Morten E; Margaryan, Ashot; Vasilyev, Sergey V; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V; Borutskaya, Svetlana B; Deviese, Thibaut; Comeskey, Dan; Higham, Tom; Manica, Andrea; Foley, Robert; Meltzer, David J; Nielsen, Rasmus; Excoffier, Laurent; Mirazon Lahr, Marta; Orlando, Ludovic; Willerslev, Eske (2017). "Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers". Science. 358 (6363): 659–662. doi:10.1126/science.aao1807. PMID 28982795.
- ^ "Древняя дорога – "Владимирка"". September 29, 2007. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
- ^ Vladimir, Russia#Soviet period
- ^ "Технический вопрос Курышева" [Technical question of Kuryshev]. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
- ^ Registration of elected deputies of the State Duma.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО". СБИС (in Russian). Retrieved October 20, 2018.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
- ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. December 19, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
Sources
edit- Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Постановление №285 от 14 августа 2001 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Владимирской области», в ред. Закона №209-ОЗ от 30 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 28 и 48 Устава (Основного Закона) Владимирской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (23 августа 2001 г.). Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №152–153, 23 августа 2001 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Resolution #285 of August 14, 2001 Charter (Basic Law) of Vladimir Oblast, as amended by the Law #209-OZ of December 30, 2015 On Amending Articles 28 and 48 the Charter (Basic Law) of Vladimir Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication (August 23, 2001).).
External links
edit
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 168–169.