Voiceless palatal nasal

The voiceless palatal nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɲ̊⟩ and ⟨ɲ̥⟩, which are combinations of the letter for the voiced palatal nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J_0.

Voiceless palatal nasal
ɲ̊
ɲ̥
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAJ_0

If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal may be transcribed as ⟨n̠̊ʲ⟩ (devoiced, retracted and palatalizedn⟩), or ⟨ɲ̟̊⟩ (devoiced and advancedɲ⟩); these are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are n_-' or n_-_j and J_0_+, respectively. A non-IPA letter ⟨ȵ̊⟩ (devoiced ⟨ȵ⟩, which is an ordinary "n", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ɕ, ʑ) can also be used.

Features

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Features of the voiceless palatal nasal:

Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Baniwa[1] Hohodene [ĩ:ɲ̊ə] 'to eat'
Burmese[2] ညှာ/nya: [ɲ̊à] 'considerate'
Faroese[3][4] einki / onki [ˈɔɲ̊t͡ʃɪ] 'nothing' See Faroese phonology
Hmong White Hmong hnyav [ɲ̊a˧˦] 'heavy' Contrasts with voiced /ɲ/. In Green Hmong, it has merged with /ɲ/.[5]
Iaai [ɲ̊øːk] 'to dedicate'
Icelandic[6] banki [ˈpäu̯ɲ̊cɪ] 'bank' See Icelandic phonology
Jalapa Mazatec[7] á [ɲ̊á] 'brush'
Xumi Lower[8] [ʃɐ̃˦ɲ̟̊ɛ˦] 'clean' Alveolo-palatal; occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan.[8]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  • Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157[permanent dead link]
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  • Ratliff, Martha (2003). "Hmong secret languages: themes and variations". In Bradley, David; LaPolla, Randy; Michialovsky, Boyd; Thurgood, Graham (eds.). Language variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff. Australian National University. pp. 21–34. doi:10.15144/PL-555.21. hdl:1885/146727. ISBN 0-85883-540-1.
  • Souza, Erick Marcelo Lima de (2012). Estudo fonológico da Língua Baniwa-Kuripako (Master's dissertation) (in Brazilian Portuguese). University of Campinas. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.898354. hdl:20.500.12733/1619268.
  • Þráinsson, Höskuldur; Petersen, Hjalmar P.; Jacobsen, Jógvan í Lon; Hansen, Zakaris Svabo (2012), Faroese – An Overview and Reference Grammar, Tórshavn: Føroya fróðskaparfelag, ISBN 9789991841854
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