कर्ण

See also: करण, करणे, करुणा, and कारण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kəɾɳ/, [kɐɾɳ]

Noun

कर्ण • (karṇ) m (Urdu spelling کرن)

1. (anatomy, uncommon) ear

   Synonym: कान (kān)

2. (geometry, trigonometry) hypotenuse
3. (nautical) helm, rudder

Declension

Declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कर्ण karṇ	कर्ण karṇ
oblique	कर्ण karṇ	कर्णों karṇõ
vocative	कर्ण karṇ	कर्णो karṇo

References

• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कर्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kəɾ.ɳə/

Noun

कर्ण • (karṇa) m

1. (anatomy, uncommon) ear
2. (geometry) hypotenuse

Declension

Declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	कर्ण karṇ
direct plural	कर्ण karṇ
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	कर्ण karṇ		कर्ण karṇ
oblique सामान्यरूप	कर्णा karṇā		कर्णां- karṇān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	कर्णाला karṇālā		कर्णांना karṇānnā
ergative	कर्णाने, कर्णानं karṇāne, karṇāna		कर्णांनी karṇānnī
instrumental	कर्णाशी karṇāśī		कर्णांशी karṇānśī
locative सप्तमी	कर्णात karṇāt		कर्णांत karṇāt
vocative संबोधन	कर्णा karṇā		कर्णांनो karṇānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	कर्णाचा karṇāċā	कर्णाचे karṇāċe	कर्णाची karṇācī	कर्णाच्या karṇācā	कर्णाचे, कर्णाचं karṇāċe, karṇāċa	कर्णाची karṇācī	कर्णाच्या karṇācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	कर्णांचा karṇānċā	कर्णांचे karṇānċe	कर्णांची karṇāñcī	कर्णांच्या karṇāncā	कर्णांचे, कर्णांचं karṇānċe, karṇānċa	कर्णांची karṇāñcī	कर्णांच्या karṇāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• कर्णधार (karṇadhār)

 

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
• কর্ণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ကရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
• કર્ણ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಕರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
• កណ៌ (Khmer script)
• ກຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
• കര്ണ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
• କର୍ଣ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
• කර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• கர்ண (Tamil script)
• కర్ణ (Telugu script)
• กรฺณ (Thai script)
• ཀ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.

Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.

Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".

Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).

Noun

कर्ण • (kárṇa) stem, m

1. (anatomy) ear
2. (nautical) the handle or ear of a vessel
3. (nautical) the helm or rudder of a ship
4. (geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral
5. diameter (of a circle)
6. (prosody) spondee

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्ण (kárṇa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्णः kárṇaḥ	कर्णौ / कर्णा¹ kárṇau / kárṇā¹	कर्णाः / कर्णासः¹ kárṇāḥ / kárṇāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कर्ण kárṇa	कर्णौ / कर्णा¹ kárṇau / kárṇā¹	कर्णाः / कर्णासः¹ kárṇāḥ / kárṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कर्णम् kárṇam	कर्णौ / कर्णा¹ kárṇau / kárṇā¹	कर्णान् kárṇān
Instrumental	कर्णेन kárṇena	कर्णाभ्याम् kárṇābhyām	कर्णैः / कर्णेभिः¹ kárṇaiḥ / kárṇebhiḥ¹
Dative	कर्णाय kárṇāya	कर्णाभ्याम् kárṇābhyām	कर्णेभ्यः kárṇebhyaḥ
Ablative	कर्णात् kárṇāt	कर्णाभ्याम् kárṇābhyām	कर्णेभ्यः kárṇebhyaḥ
Genitive	कर्णस्य kárṇasya	कर्णयोः kárṇayoḥ	कर्णानाम् kárṇānām
Locative	कर्णे kárṇe	कर्णयोः kárṇayoḥ	कर्णेषु kárṇeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Terms inherited from कर्ण (karṇa)

• Dardic:
  • Grangali: kō̃
  • Indus Kohistani: kaṇa, kān
  • Kalami: kan
  • Kalasha: kọ̃
  • Kashmiri: کَن (kan), کَنّ
  • Phalura: کاݨ (kāṇ)
  • Shina: کون (kon), کوݨ (koṇí)
    • Kohistani Shina: کݨ (kuṇ), کءاݨ (kuāṇə)
    • → Domaaki: کون (kon)
  • Shumashti: kō̃ṛ
  • Tirahi: kana
  • Torwali: کان (kaṇ)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kanə, kan
• Pali: kaṇṇa
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
  • Central:
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      • Awadhi: कान (kān)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Hindustani: kān

        Hindi: कान

        Urdu: کان (kān)

      • Romani: kan
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Avahattha: 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), कण्ण (kaṇṇa)
      • Bengali-Assamese:
        • Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
        • Bengali: কান (kan)
        • Hajong: কান
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: kān

          Devanagari script: कान

          Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢

        • Magahi: kān

          Devanagari script: कान

          Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢

        • Maithili: kān

          Devanagari script: कान

          Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒢

      • Odia: କାନ (kāna)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Kumaoni: कान (kān)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: कान (kān)
      • Western Pahari:
        • Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)
        • Chambeali: कन्न (kann)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)
        • Punjabi: kann

          Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ

          Shahmukhi script: کَنّ

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: kanu

          Arabic script: ڪَنُ

          Devanagari script: कनु

          • Kachchi: કન (kan)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • ⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)
      • Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: kānu

        Devanagari script: कानु

        Latin script: kanu

        Kannada script: ಕಾನು

      • Old Marathi: kāna

        Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡

        Devanagari script: कान

        • Marathi: कान (kān)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
        • Gujarati: કાન (kān)
        • Old Marwari: कान (kān)

Terms borrowed from कर्ण (karṇa)

• → Bengali: কর্ণ (korno)
• → English: Karna
• → Hindi: कर्ण (karṇ)
• → Old Javanese: karṇa
  • > Javanese: ꦏꦂꦤ (karna) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬓᬃᬡ (karna)
• ⇒ Tamil: கன்னம் (kaṉṉam)
• ⇒ Malayalam: കർണ്ണം (kaṟṇṇaṁ)
• ⇒ Telugu: కర్ణుడు (karṇuḍu), కర్ణము (karṇamu)
• → Thai: กรรณ (gan)

Proper noun

कर्ण • (karṇa) stem, m

1. (Hinduism) Karna, biological of Kunti and Surya, adoptive son of Adhiratha and Radha

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्ण (karṇa)
	Singular
Nominative	कर्णः karṇaḥ
Vocative	कर्ण karṇa
Accusative	कर्णम् karṇam
Instrumental	कर्णेन karṇena
Dative	कर्णाय karṇāya
Ablative	कर्णात् karṇāt
Genitive	कर्णस्य karṇasya
Locative	कर्णे karṇe

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 314-315