巉

巉 U+5DC9, 巉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DC9 ← 巈 [U+5DC8] CJK Unified Ideographs 巊 → [U+5DCA]

Translingual

Han character

巉 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 山弓口戈 (UNRI), four-corner 2771₆, composition ⿰山毚)

1. steep, rugged, jagged, precipitous

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 322, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8618
• Dae Jaweon: page 622, character 36
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 806, character 15
• Unihan data for U+5DC9

Chinese

trad.		巉
simp. #		巉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
纔	*zlɯː, *zlɯːs, *sraːm
讒	*zrɯːm, *zraːms
饞	*zrɯːm
毚	*zrɯːm, *zraːm
欃	*zrɯːm, *zraːms
攙	*zrɯːm, *sʰraːm
儳	*zrɯːm, *zrɯːms, *sʰraːms
酁	*zrɯːm
瀺	*zrɯːmʔ
嚵	*sʰraːms, *zraːm, *zlamʔ
巉	*zraːm, *zraːmʔ
劖	*zraːm
艬	*zraːm, *zraːms
鑱	*zraːm, *zraːms

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chán (chan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chán
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chán
    • Wade–Giles: chʻan²
    • Yale: chán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
    • Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caam⁴
    • Yale: chàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzraem, dzraemX

Rime
Character	巉	巉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	鋤銜切	仕檻切
Baxter	dzraem	dzraemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠam/	/d͡ʒˠamX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚam/	/ɖ͡ʐᵚamX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒam/	/d͡ʒamX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐaɨm/	/ɖ͡ʐaɨmX/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒam/	/d͡ʒamX/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒam/	/d͡ʒamX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱam/	/ɖ͡ʐʱamX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chán	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam4	zaam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zraːm/, /*zraːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	巉	巉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1233	1239
Phonetic component	毚	毚
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	巉	巉
Old Chinese	/*zraːm/	/*zraːmʔ/

Definitions

巉

1. precipitous; steep
2. jagged; towering; overlapping

Compounds

• 嵌巉
• 巉岏
• 巉岩 (chányán)
• 巉峭
• 巉峻 (chánjùn)
• 巉崖
• 巉嶮／巉崄
• 巉巉 (chánchán)
• 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán)
• 巖巉／岩巉 (yánchán)
• 靜巉巉／静巉巉

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00908

Japanese

Kanji

巉

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. rugged, steep, jagged (as of a mountain range)

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)^{←ぜむ (zemu, historical)}
• Kan-on: さん (san)^{←さむ (samu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
巉
ざん Hyōgai
kan'yōon

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 巉 (MC dzraem|dzraemX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡zã̠ɴ]

Affix

巉(ざん) • (zan) 

1. (rare) rugged, steep, jagged (as of a mountain range)

Derived terms

• 巉巌(ざんがん) (zangan, “jagged and steep”, said of a mountain)

  Listed as a -na adjective, but only observed in use as an adverb using particle に (ni).

• 巉岸(ざんがん) (zangan, “a jagged and steep bank or shore”)

Korean

Hanja

巉 (eum 참 (cham))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.