Wiktionary

矩

See also: 榘
矩 U+77E9, 矩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E9
← 矨
[U+77E8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矪 →
[U+77EA]

Translingual

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Han character

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矩 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+5 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 矢+4 in mainland China, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 人大尸尸 (OKSS), four-corner 81417 or 81817, composition ⿰矢巨)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23947
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1236, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2582, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E9

Chinese

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trad. 矩
simp. # 矩

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 矩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
柜 *kaʔ
渠 *ɡa
磲 *ɡa
蕖 *ɡa
蟝 *ɡa
璖 *ɡa
巨 *ɡaʔ
距 *ɡaʔ
拒 *ɡaʔ
苣 *ɡaʔ
炬 *ɡaʔ
詎 *ɡaʔ, *ɡas
鉅 *ɡaʔ
秬 *ɡaʔ
粔 *ɡaʔ
駏 *ɡaʔ
歫 *ɡaʔ
矩 *kʷaʔ
榘 *kʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). The arrow is a stylization of a man with spread arms and/or holding the carpenter's square, 大.

Etymology

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“(physics) moment”
From the sense “square shape”; coined by Chinese translator Wu Guangjian in 1904, but not widely used then; in the 1930s, 矩 (jǔ) was chosen as the standard translation of moment by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China, and this word became more and more common than the former term 能率 (nénglǜ) (Wang, 2013).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Note: gu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Rime
Character 矩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 俱雨切
Baxter kjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kuə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/kioX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		geoi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷ(r)aʔ/
English carpenter"s square

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矩
Reading # 1/1
No. 7059
Phonetic
component 		巨
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		矩
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaʔ/

Definitions

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矩

  1. † carpenter's square
  2. square (shape)
  3. rule; law
  4. (physics) moment [from 1904]
    力矩  ―  lìjǔ  ―  torque
    磁矩  ―  cíjǔ  ―  magnetic moment
    Synonym: 能率 (nénglǜ) (obsolete)
  5. (～州) (historical) Old name for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”) during the Yuan dynasty.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 曲尺 (“carpenter's square”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 矩
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 曲尺, 魯班尺, 角尺, 矩尺
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 拐尺
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 曲尺, 角尺, 拐尺
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 拐尺
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 拐尺, 角尺
Xi'an 拐尺
Xining 曲尺, 角尺, 木匠尺子
Xuzhou 拐尺, 曲尺
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 拐尺
Ürümqi 拐尺
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 角尺
Wuhan 角尺
Guiyang 角尺
Liuzhou 曲尺, 角尺
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 角尺
Cantonese Hong Kong 曲尺
Dongguan 曲尺
Gan Lichuan 角尺
Pingxiang 曲尺
Hakka Meixian 曲尺, 角尺
Yudu 曲尺, 角尺, 魯班尺, 五尺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 曲尺
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 曲尺
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 曲尺
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 曲尺
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 曲尺
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 曲尺
Huizhou Jixi 角尺, 魯班尺
Jin Taiyuan 曲尺
Xinzhou 拐尺
Northern Min Jian'ou 曲尺
Eastern Min Fuzhou 曲尺
Southern Min Jinjiang 屈尺
Haikou 曲尺
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 曲尺, 角尺
Wu Shanghai 曲尺
Suzhou 曲尺
Danyang 角尺
Hangzhou 角尺
Ningbo 角尺
Wenzhou 角尺, 魯班尺
Jinhua 角尺, 魯班尺
Xiang Changsha 曲尺
Loudi 角尺, 拐尺

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 矩
Kyūjitai
[1]
矩󠄁
矩+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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矩

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. carpenter's square

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): く (ku)
  • Kun: さしがね (sashigane, 矩)、かねざし (kanezashi)、のり (nori, 矩)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
矩
く
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Affix

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矩(く) • (ku) 

  1. carpenter's square
  2. square (shape)
  3. rule; law

Noun

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矩(く) • (ku) 

  1. (astronomy) quadrature

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
矩
のり
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 矩 – see the following entry.
【のり】
[noun] rule, regulation, law
[noun] norm, standard
[noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device)
[noun] measure, scale, size
Alternative spellings
規, 法, 則
(This term, 矩, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ “矩”, in 漢字ぺディア‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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矩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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矩: Hán Nôm readings: củ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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