石榴

Chinese

		rock; stone; 10 pecks	pomegranate
simp. and trad. (石榴)		石	榴
alternative forms		石留 榭榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 謝榴／谢榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 射榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 射留 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien

石榴

Etymology

Clipping of 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shíliú

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si² niu¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шылю (šɨli͡u, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶ lau^4-2 / sek⁶ lau⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): siit⁶ liu
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-liù
• Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵ liou⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): sī-liû
• Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh-lìu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sia̍h-liû / siā-liû / sēe-liû / chio̍h-liû / se̍k-liû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siêh⁸ liu⁵ / sioh⁸ liu⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zaq-lieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr⁶ liou

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíliú → shíliu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊u
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-liu⁵
    • Yale: shŕ-lyou
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.liou
    • Palladius: шилю (šilju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 時流／时流 石榴

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (石榴兒／石榴儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíliúr → shíliur (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡㄦ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊ur
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-liu⁵-ʼrh
    • Yale: shŕ-lyour
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.lioul
    • Palladius: шилюр (šiljur)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: si² niu¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sliu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹ niəu⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шылю (šɨli͡u, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ liou⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sek⁶ lau^4-2 / sek⁶ lau⁴
    • Yale: sehk láu / sehk làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹ lau^4-2 / sek⁹ lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ség⁶ leo^4-2 / ség⁶ leo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: siit⁶ liu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨt̚⁵ liu²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-liù
    • Hakka Romanization System: sag liu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sag⁶ liu²
    • Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ li̯u¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seh⁵ liou⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ liəu²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sī-liû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁵ liu³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh-lìu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suoʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃ieu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h-liû
    • Tâi-lô: sia̍h-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaqliuu
    • IPA (Taipei): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Lukang): /sia(ʔ)³⁵⁻² liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Tainan): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /sia(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yongchun, Sanxia, Yilan, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā-liû
    • Tâi-lô: siā-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaxliuu
    • IPA (Penang): /sia²¹ liu²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Yongchun): /sia²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Yilan): /sia³³⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sia⁴¹⁻²² liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēe-liû
    • Tâi-lô: sēe-liû
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/
  • (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-liû
    • Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqliuu
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
  • (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k-liû
    • Tâi-lô: si̍k-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: segliuu
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siêh⁸ liu⁵ / sioh⁸ liu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h liû / sio̍h liû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/, /sioʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/

Note:

• siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
• sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zaq-lieu
    • MiniDict: zah^入 lieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zaq-lieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zaʔ¹¹ liɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shr⁶ liou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ li̯əu̯³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ li̯əu̯³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyek ljuw

Rime
Character	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	常隻切	力求切
Baxter	dzyek	ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæk̚/	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/luw/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	liú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik6	lau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ  m·ru/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	石
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*dAk/
English	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11470	8886
Phonetic component	石	卯
Rime group	鐸	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	石	劉
Old Chinese	/*djaɡ/	/*m·ru/

Noun

石榴

1. pomegranate
2. (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
3. (Cantonese) guava

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 石榴 (“pomegranate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		石榴, 丹若, 若榴, 楉榴, 安石榴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		石榴, 安石榴
Taxonomic name		石榴, 安石榴
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	石榴
	Taiwan	石榴
	Chengde	石榴
	Chifeng	石榴
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	石榴
	Heihe	石榴
	Qiqihar	石榴
	Harbin	石榴
	Jiamusi	石榴
	Baicheng	石榴
	Changchun	石榴
	Tonghua	石榴
	Shenyang	石榴
	Jinzhou	石榴
	Singapore	石榴
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	石榴兒
	Tangshan	石榴
	Cangzhou	石榴
	Baoding	石榴
	Shijiazhuang	石榴
	Lijin	石榴
	Jinan	石榴
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	石榴兒
	Dandong	石榴兒
	Yantai	石榴
	Yantai (Muping)	石榴
	Qingdao	石榴
	Zhucheng	大石榴
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	石榴
	Lingbao	石榴
	Jining	石榴
	Wanrong	石榴
	Linfen	石榴
	Shangqiu	石榴
	Yuanyang	石榴
	Zhengzhou	石榴
	Xinyang	石榴
	Baihe	石榴
	Xi'an	石榴
	Baoji	石榴
	Tianshui	石榴
	Xining	石榴
	Xuzhou	石榴
	Fuyang	石榴
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	石榴
	Lanzhou	石榴
	Dunhuang	石榴
	Hami	石榴
	Ürümqi	石榴
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	石榴
	Nanchong	石榴
	Dazhou	石榴
	Hanyuan	石榴
	Xichang	石榴
	Zigong	石榴兒
	Chongqing	石榴
	Wuhan	石榴
	Yichang	石榴
	Xiangyang	石榴
	Tianmen	石榴
	Guiyang	石榴
	Zunyi	石榴兒
	Bijie	石榴
	Liping	石榴
	Zhaotong	石榴
	Dali	石榴
	Kunming	石榴
	Mengzi	石榴
	Guilin	石榴
	Liuzhou	石榴
	Jishou	石榴
	Changde	石榴
	Hanzhong	石榴
	Pematangsiantar	石榴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	石榴
	Yangzhou	石榴
	Lianyungang	石榴
	Lianshui	石榴
	Nantong	石榴
	Anqing	石榴
	Wuhu	石榴
	Hefei	石榴
	Hong'an	石榴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	石榴, 結子石榴
	Hong Kong	石榴, 結子石榴
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	石榴
	Macau	石榴
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	石榴
	Foshan	石榴
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	石榴
	Foshan (Shunde)	石榴
	Foshan (Sanshui)	石榴
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	石榴
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	石榴
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	石榴
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	花棯
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	花棯
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	花棯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	花棯
	Taishan	花棯
	Kaiping (Chikan)	花棯
	Enping (Niujiang)	花棯
	Heshan (Yayao)	石榴
	Dongguan	番鬼石榴
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	石榴
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	石榴
	Yangon (Taishan)	石榴
	Mandalay (Taishan)	石榴
Gan	Nanchang	石榴
	Lichuan	石榴
	Pingxiang	石榴
Hakka	Meixian	石榴仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	石榴
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	石榴
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	番石榴
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	石榴
	Yudu	石榴, 石梨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	石榴仔
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	石榴
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	石榴
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	石榴
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	石榴仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	石榴
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	石榴
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	石榴
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	石榴仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	石榴
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	石榴
	Hong Kong	石榴
	Senai (Huiyang)	石榴
Huizhou	Jixi	石榴
	Shexian	石榴
Jin	Taiyuan	石榴
	Yangyuan	石榴兒
	Datong	石榴兒
	Xinzhou	石榴兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	石榴兒
	Changzhi	石榴
	Linhe	石榴
	Jining	石榴
	Hohhot	石榴
	Erenhot	石榴
	Pingshan	石榴
	Zhangjiakou	石榴
	Handan	石榴
	Linzhou	石榴
	Suide	石榴兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	石榴
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	石榴
	Fuqing	石榴
Southern Min	Xiamen	石榴
	Quanzhou	石榴
	Yongchun	石榴
	Zhangzhou	石榴
	Zhao'an	石榴
	Taipei	石榴
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	石榴
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	石榴
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	石榴
	Kaohsiung	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	石榴
	Yilan	石榴
	Yilan (Luodong)	石榴
	Yilan (Toucheng)	石榴
	Changhua (Lukang)	石榴
	Changhua (Yongjing)	石榴
	Taichung	石榴
	Tainan	石榴
	Tainan (Anping)	石榴
	Hsinchu	石榴
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	石榴
	Kinmen	石榴
	Penghu (Magong)	石榴
	Penghu (Xiyu)	石榴
	Penang (Hokkien)	石榴
	Jieyang	石榴
	Bangkok (Teochew)	石榴
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	紅花石榴
	Singapore (Teochew)	石榴
	Haikou	石榴
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	石榴
Wu	Shanghai	石榴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	石榴
	Suzhou	石榴
	Danyang	石榴
	Hangzhou	石榴
	Ningbo	石榴, 金猛
	Wenzhou	金櫻
	Jinhua	石榴
Xiang	Changsha	石榴
	Loudi	石榴

Dialectal synonyms of 番石榴 (“guava”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		番石榴
Taxonomic name		番石榴
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	芭樂
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	番石榴, 雞屎果
	Nanning (Wuming)	番石榴, 膠棯, 棯仔
Cantonese	Guangzhou	番石榴, 石榴, 雞屎果, 女人狗肉
	Hong Kong	番石榴, 雞屎果, 女人狗肉
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	雞屎橘
	Macau	番石榴
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	花棯
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	雞屎果
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	番石榴
	Foshan	雞屎果
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	番棯
	Foshan (Shunde)	花棯
	Foshan (Sanshui)	雞屎果
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	番棯
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	花棯
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	花棯
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	番石榴
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	番石榴
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	番石榴
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	番石榴
	Taishan	番石榴, 花棯
	Kaiping (Chikan)	番石榴
	Enping (Niujiang)	石榴
	Heshan (Yayao)	花棯
	Dongguan	石榴, 花棯, 雞屎橘
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	番石榴
	Yangjiang	花棯子
	Nanning	花棯, 雞屎果, 番石榴
	Nanning (Tanka)	大番桃
	Wuzhou	石榴
	Yulin	番桃子
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	番桃
	Guiping	番石榴
	Mengshan (Xihe)	番桃
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	番鬼石榴
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	番桃
	Baise	雞果
	Bobai	番石榴
	Lingshan	番桃子
	Pubei	番桃子
	Qinzhou	番桃
	Beihai	番桃
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	番桃子
	Ningming	花棯
	Hengzhou	番桃子
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	番桃
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	雞屎果
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	番石榴, 雞屎果
	Móng Cái	番石榴, 雞屎果
Hakka	Meixian	朳仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	朳, 朳仔
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	朳
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	朳哩
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	朳仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	朳
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	朳哩
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	雞屎朳
	Boluo (Bendihua)	豎朳
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	朳仔
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	朳子
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	朳子
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	朳咧
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	朳子
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	朳哎
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	朳哎
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	朳蒂
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	朳
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	石榴
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	朳
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	雞屎朳
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	雞屎果
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	朳仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	那朳仔, 拉朳仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	朳仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	朳
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	朳仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	朳仔
	Hong Kong	朳仔
	Mashan (Pianlian)	番桃
	Sabah (Longchuan)	朳仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	朳仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	番石榴
	Fuqing	番石榴
	Matsu	番石榴
Southern Min	Xiamen	林仔菝
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	林仔菝
	Quanzhou	林仔菝
	Jinjiang	林仔菝
	Yongchun	林囝菝
	Zhangzhou	林仔菝
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	林菝仔, 林仔菝
	Zhangpu	林菝仔
	Yunxiao	林菝
	Zhao'an	番石榴
	Dongshan	番石榴
	Taipei	林仔菝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	菝仔
	Kaohsiung	林菝仔
	Yilan	菝仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	林仔菝
	Taichung	菝仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	菝仔
	Tainan	土菝仔, 林菝仔, 林菝
	Taitung	菝仔
	Hsinchu	菝仔
	Kinmen	林仔菝
	Penghu (Magong)	林仔菝, 林菝
	Penang (Hokkien)	染霧
	Singapore (Hokkien)	菝仔, 林仔菝, 貓菝, 木囝
	Manila (Hokkien)	林仔菝
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	番石榴
	Pingnan (Sijie)	菝仔
	Pingle (Zhoutang)	番石榴
	Lechang (Tatou)	雞屎果
	Yingde (Yuzui)	菝仔
	Yunan (Liantan)	番鬼菝仔
	Chaozhou	菝囝
	Shantou	番石榴, 菝囝, 木囝
	Shantou (Chenghai)	木囝
	Jieyang	木囝
	Haifeng	菝仔
	Bangkok (Teochew)	木囝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	木囝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	冬棯
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	塘呢
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	花棯, 番桃
	Nanning (Shajing)	番桃
	Binyang (Xinqiao)	番桃子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Chaoyang)	番石榴
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	番石榴
	Lingchuan (Tanxia)	番石榴
	Yangshuo (Jima)	番石榴
Xiang	Quanzhou	番石榴
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	番石榴

Derived terms

• 拜倒石榴裙下 (bàidǎo shíliúqún xià)
• 番石榴 (fānshíliú)
• 石榴仔
• 石榴石 (shíliúshí)
• 石榴裙 (shíliúqún)

 

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “石榴” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): young pomegranate trees.

石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): an opened pomegranate fruit.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
石	榴
じゃく > ざく Grade: 1	る > ろ Hyōgai
irregular

Alternative spelling
柘榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.

The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.

The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE. The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ざくろ [záꜜkùrò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡za̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

Noun

石(ざく)榴(ろ) or 石榴(ザクロ) • (zakuro) 

1. [from 747] pomegranate

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 石(ざく)榴(ろ)石(いし) (zakuroishi): garnet (gemstone)
• 石(ざく)榴(ろ)口(ぐち) (zakuroguchi): a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period
• 石(ざく)榴(ろ)ざか (zakurozaka): a rooster's crest or comb that resembles a pomegranate
• 石(ざく)榴(ろ)草(そう) (zakurosō): Mollugo pentaphylla
• 石(ざく)榴(ろ)鼻(ばな) (zakurobana): a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
石	榴
じゃく Grade: 1	る > ろ Hyōgai
goon	irregular

Alternative spelling
若榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.

The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s. While rare and missing from some dictionaries, this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

Noun

石(じゃく)榴(ろ) • (jakuro) 

1. [from mid-1400s] (rare) pomegranate

Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
石	榴
せき Grade: 1	りゅう Hyōgai
kan'on

/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.

The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せきりゅう [séꜜkìryùù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [se̞kʲiɾʲɨː]

Noun

石(せき)榴(りゅう) • (sekiryū) ^{←せきりう (sekiriu)?}

1. [from mid-1400s] (uncommon) pomegranate

Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 石(せき)榴(りゅう)子(し) (sekiryūshi): garnet (gemstone; less common reading than zakuro-ishi above)
• 石(せき)榴(りゅう)皮(ひ) (sekiryūhi): dried pomegranate, both seeds and skin, used as a treatment for tapeworm

Korean

Hanja in this term
石	榴

Noun

石榴 • (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)

1. hanja form^? of 석류 (“pomegranate”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
石	榴
Grade: 1	Hyōgai

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら. Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.

Noun

石榴(ざくら) (zakura) 

1. pomegranate

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
石	榴

Noun

石榴

1. chữ Hán form of thạch lựu (“pomegranate”).