箴

箴 U+7BB4, 箴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BB4 ← 箳 [U+7BB3] CJK Unified Ideographs 箵 → [U+7BB5]

Translingual

Han character

箴 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈竹口 (HIHR), four-corner 8825₃, composition ⿱𥫗咸)

Derived characters

• 𢤝, 𱩺, 𫄏, 𦏣, 𨮼, 鱵, 𮬤, 𪇳, 𪉕, 𪒹, 𪈁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 890, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26214
• Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2990, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7BB4

Chinese

trad.		箴
simp. #		箴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯm) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) – a bamboo needle, probe.

Etymology

Same word as 針 (OC *kjum). See there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
• Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chim / cherm / chom

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zim¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
    • Wade–Giles: chên¹
    • Yale: jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zam¹
    • Yale: jām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziim^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
    • Tâi-lô: tsim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cym
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherm
    • Tâi-lô: tserm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡səm³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chom
    • Tâi-lô: tsom
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zofm
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔm⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zim¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsim
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsen
    • MiniDict: tsen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyim

Rime
Character	箴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職深切
Baxter	tsyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cim/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kjɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	箴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyim ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[k]əm/
English	needle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	箴
Reading #	1/1
No.	13527
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	斟
Old Chinese	/*kjɯm/

Definitions

箴

1. to admonish; to warn
2. Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”)

Compounds

• 官箴
• 箴尹
• 箴石
• 箴規／箴规
• 箴言 (zhēnyán)
• 箴諫／箴谏

 

Japanese

Kanji

箴

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin)
• Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 箴める)、はり (hari, 箴)

Compounds

• 規(き)箴(しん) (kishin)
• 四(し)箴(しん) (shishin)
• 指(し)箴(しん) (shishin)
• 女(じょ)史(し)箴(しん)図(ず) (joshishinzu)
• 箴(しん)警(けい) (shinkei)
• 箴(しん)言(げん) (shingen, “proverb”), 箴(しん)言(げん) (Shingen, “Proverbs”)
• 箴(しん)砭(ぺん) (shinpen)

Korean

Hanja

箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 잠언 (箴言, jameon, “proverb”), 잠언 (箴言, Jameon, “Proverbs”)

Vietnamese

Han character

箴: Hán Nôm readings: châm, giăm, dăm, giằm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: châm, dăm, dằm, giăm, giằm

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999