謹

See also: 谨

謹 U+8B39, 謹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B39 ← 謸 [U+8B38] CJK Unified Ideographs 謺 → [U+8B3A]

謹 U+FA63, 謹 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA63 ← 謁 [U+FA62] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 賓 → [U+FA64]

謹 U+FABF, 謹 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABF ← 諭 [U+FABE] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 變 → [U+FAC0]

Translingual

Japanese	謹
Simplified	谨
Traditional	謹

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the top right component of 堇 is written 艹 instead of 廿. Due to Han unification, both characters (謹/謹) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA63) exists for the kyūjitai form of 謹.

Han character

謹 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11 in Chinese, 言+10 in Japanese, 18 strokes in Chinese, 17 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜口廿中一 (YRTLM), four-corner 0461₄, composition ⿰訁堇 or ⿰訁𦰌)

Descendants

• 谨

Derived characters

• 𭀑, 𡄾, 𢥢, 𤄲

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1178, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35850
• Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4010, character 13
• Unihan data for U+8B39

• Unihan data for U+FA63

• Unihan data for U+FABF

Chinese

trad.		謹
simp.		谨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯnʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) – to speak caution.

Etymology

Cognate with 兢 (OC *kɯŋ, “to be cautious”), which is possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gan²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kín

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
    • Wade–Giles: chin³
    • Yale: jǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gan²
    • Yale: gán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín
    • Tâi-lô: kín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: kj+nX

Rime
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居隱切
Baxter	kj+nX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨnX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨnX/
Li Rong	/kiənX/
Wang Li	/kĭənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə[r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kj+nX ›
Old Chinese	/*kə[r]ʔ/
English	attentive, careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
No.	6744
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	謹
Old Chinese	/*kɯnʔ/

Definitions

謹

1. prudent; cautious; careful; reverent

Compounds

• 修謹以俟／修谨以俟
• 勤謹／勤谨
• 卑謹／卑谨
• 嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
• 奉命唯謹／奉命唯谨
• 小廉曲謹／小廉曲谨
• 小心謹慎／小心谨慎 (xiǎoxīnjǐnshèn)
• 恭謹／恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
• 恭謹謙和／恭谨谦和
• 慎小謹微／慎小谨微
• 拘謹／拘谨 (jūjǐn)
• 敬謹／敬谨
• 曲謹／曲谨
• 細謹／细谨
• 謙謹／谦谨
• 謹上／谨上 (jǐnshàng)
• 謹厚／谨厚
• 謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
• 謹守／谨守 (jǐnshǒu)
• 謹密／谨密
• 謹小慎微／谨小慎微 (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
• 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
• 謹慎行事／谨慎行事
• 謹於心／谨于心
• 謹毛失貌／谨毛失貌
• 謹祕／谨秘
• 謹稟／谨禀
• 謹細／谨细
• 謹終追遠／谨终追远
• 謹肅／谨肃
• 謹言／谨言
• 謹言慎行／谨言慎行 (jǐnyánshènxíng)
• 謹記／谨记 (jǐnjì)
• 謹謹慎慎／谨谨慎慎
• 謹防／谨防 (jǐnfáng)
• 謹領／谨领
• 謹飭／谨饬

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	謹
Kyūjitai	謹 謹 or 謹+︀?
	謹󠄀 謹+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
	謹󠄄 謹+󠄄? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

謹

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 謹)

1. be mindful of
2. be prudent

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
• Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 謹む, Jōyō)
• Nanori: すすむ (susumu)、ちか (chika)、なり (nari)、のり (nori)、もり (mori)

Compounds

Compounds

• 恐(きょう)惶(こう)謹(きん)言(げん) (kyōkō kingen)
• 謹(きん)賀(が)新(しん)年(ねん) (kinga shinnen)
• 謹(きん)啓(けい) (kinkei)
• 謹(きん)言(げん) (kingen)
• 謹(きん)厳(げん) (kingen)
• 謹(きん)厳(げん)実(じっ)直(ちょく) (kingen jitchoku)
• 謹(きん)告(こく) (kinkoku)
• 謹(きん)上(じょう) (kinjō)
• 謹(きん)慎(しん) (kinshin): house arrest, self restraint
• 謹(きん)製(せい) (kinsei)
• 謹(きん)聴(ちょう) (kinchō)
• 謹(きん)直(ちょく) (kinchoku)
• 謹(きん)勅(ちょく), 謹(きん)飭(ちょく) (kinchoku)
• 謹(きん)呈(てい) (kintei)
• 不(ふ)謹(きん)慎(しん) (fukinshin)

Korean

Hanja

謹 (eumhun 삼갈 근 (samgal geun))

1. hanja form^? of 근 (“prudent, cautious”)
2. hanja form^? of 근 (“attentive”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 근계 (謹啓, geun'gye)
• 근고 (謹告, geun'go)
• 근상 (謹上, geunsang)
• 근신 (謹愼, geunsin)
• 근언 (謹言, geuneon)
• 근엄 (謹嚴, geuneom)
• 근엄 실직 (謹嚴實直, geuneom siljik)
• 근정 (謹呈, geunjeong)
• 근제 (謹製, geunje)
• 근직 (謹直, geunjik)
• 근청 (謹聽, geuncheong)
• 근칙 (謹飭, geunchik)
• 근하신년 (謹賀新年, geunhasinnyeon)
• 불근신 (不謹愼, bulgeunsin)
• 황공 근언 (恐惶謹言, hwanggong geuneon)

Vietnamese

Han character

謹: Hán Việt readings: cẩn
謹: Nôm readings: ngẩn, kín, ghín, cẩn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)