넘다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 넘〯다〮 (Yale: něm-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈnɘ(ː)mt͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [넘(ː)따]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	neomda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	neomda
McCune–Reischauer?	nŏmta
Yale Romanization?	nēmqta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	넘다 (neomda)
Causative	넘기다 (neomgida)

넘다 • (neomda) (infinitive 넘어, sequential 넘으니)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to exceed, to surpass, to go beyond
   • 아리랑 (Arirang)

     아리랑 고개로 넘어간다.

     Arirang gogae-ro neomeoganda.

     Crossing Arirang Pass.

   Synonym: 지나다 (jinada)

2. (transitive) to jump/climb (over), to go over, to go across

   담장을 넘다 ― damjang-eul neomda ― to jump over a wall

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 넘다 (neomda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	넘는다 neomneunda	넘어 neomeo	넘어요 neomeoyo	넘습니다 neomseumnida
	Past	넘었다 neomeotda	넘었어 neomeosseo	넘었어요 neomeosseoyo	넘었습니다 neomeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	넘느냐 neomneunya	넘어 neomeo	넘어요 neomeoyo	넘습니까 neomseumnikka
	Past	넘었느냐 neomeonneunya	넘었어 neomeosseo	넘었어요 neomeosseoyo	넘었습니까 neomeotseumnikka
Hortative		넘자 neomja	넘어 neomeo	넘어요 neomeoyo	넘으십시다 neomeusipsida
Imperative		넘어라 neomeora	넘어 neomeo	넘어요 neomeoyo	넘읍시오 neomeupsio
Assertive		넘겠다 neomgetda	넘겠어 neomgesseo	넘겠어요 neomgesseoyo	넘겠습니다 neomgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		넘어 neomeo	넘어서 neomeoseo	넘으니 neomeuni	넘으니까 neomeunikka
Contrast		넘지만 neomjiman	넘는데 neomneunde	넘더니 neomdeoni
Conjunction		넘고 neomgo
Condition		넘으면 neomeumyeon	넘어야 neomeoya
Motive		넘으려고 neomeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		넘음 neomeum	넘기 neomgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		넘었음 neomeosseum	넘었기 neomeotgi
Determiners	Past	넘은 neomeun
	Present	넘는 neomneun
	Future	넘을 neomeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	넘으신다 neomeusinda	넘으셔 neomeusyeo	넘으세요, 넘으셔요 neomeuseyo, neomeusyeoyo	넘으십니다 neomeusimnida
	Past	넘으셨다 neomeusyeotda	넘으셨어 neomeusyeosseo	넘으셨어요 neomeusyeosseoyo	넘으셨습니다 neomeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	넘으시느냐 neomeusineunya	넘으셔 neomeusyeo	넘으세요, 넘으셔요 neomeuseyo, neomeusyeoyo	넘으십니까 neomeusimnikka
	Past	넘으셨느냐 neomeusyeonneunya	넘으셨어 neomeusyeosseo	넘으셨어요 neomeusyeosseoyo	넘으셨습니까 neomeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		넘으시라 neomeusira	넘으셔 neomeusyeo	넘으세요 neomeuseyo	넘으십시오 neomeusipsio
Assertive		넘으시겠다 neomeusigetda	넘으시겠어 neomeusigesseo	넘으시겠어요 neomeusigesseoyo	넘으시겠습니다 neomeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		넘으셔 neomeusyeo	넘으셔서 neomeusyeoseo	넘으시니 neomeusini	넘으시니까 neomeusinikka
Contrast		넘으시지만 neomeusijiman	넘으시는데 neomeusineunde	넘으시더니 neomeusideoni
Conjunction		넘으시고 neomeusigo
Condition		넘으시면 neomeusimyeon	넘으셔야 neomeusyeoya
Motive		넘으시려고 neomeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		넘으심 neomeusim	넘으시기 neomeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		넘으셨음 neomeusyeosseum	넘으셨기 neomeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	넘으신 neomeusin
	Present	넘으시는 neomeusineun
	Future	넘으실 neomeusil

Derived terms

• 넘나다 (neomnada)
• 넘나들다 (neomnadeulda)
• 넘내리다 (neomnaerida)
• 넘노닐다 (neomnonilda)
• 넘놀다 (neomnolda)
• 넘보다 (neomboda)
• 넘어가다 (neomeogada)
• 넘어뛰다 (neomeottwida)
• 넘어뜨리다 (neomeotteurida)
• 넘어박히다 (neomeobakhida)
• 넘어서다 (neomeoseoda)
• 넘어오다 (neomeooda)
• 넘어지다 (neomeojida)
• 넘어트리다 (neomeoteurida)
• 넘치다 (neomchida)
• 뒤넘다 (dwineomda)
• 뛰어넘다 (ttwieoneomda)
• 재주넘다 (jaejuneomda)
• 주제넘다 (jujeneomda)

 

Related terms

• 너무 (neomu)