Georgia

See also: Georgía, Geórgia, Geòrgia, georgia, and georgià

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɔː.d͡ʒə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɔɹ.d͡ʒə/, enPR: jôrʹjə

  • Audio:

    (file)

  • Audio (New Jersey):

    (file)

• (Southern US) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒə/

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dʒə

Etymology 1

Location of Georgia

A borrowing from Medieval Latin Geōrgia, itself a borrowing from Classical Persian گرج (gurj) (with influence from (sānctus) Geōrgius (“Saint George”), alluding to the saint's popularity in the country), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (wiruz-ān, “Iberians, Georgians”). The term's further history is unknown; it may ultimately be a derivation from Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢 (gurg, “wolf”), though that would be phonologically challenging; compare Parthian 𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭔𐭍 pl (wiruž-ān), Old Armenian վիր-ք (vir-kʻ), Old East Slavic гурзи (gurzi). Replaced earlier Georgie, from the same source via a Middle French intermediary.

Early medieval sources hypothesize that the country was named after Saint George, while later European accounts connect the name with agricultural tribes called "Georgi" (from Ancient Greek γεωργός (geōrgós, “farmer”)) mentioned by classical authors (Pliny, IV.26, VI.14; Mela, De Sita Orb. i.2); neither of these etymologies is accepted today.

Proper noun

Georgia

2. A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The Second Part […], 2nd edition, part 2, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act V, scene i:

     Though this be held his laſt daies dꝛeadfull ſiege,
     Wherein he ſpareth neither man noꝛ childe,
     Yet are there Chꝛiſtians of Georgia here,
     Whoſe ſtate who euer pitied and relieu'd:

   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, chapter III, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 619:

     The practice of raiſing ſlaves to the great offices of ſtate is ſtill more common among the Turks than among the Perſians. The miſerable countries of Georgia and Circaſſia ſupply rulers to the greateſt part of the eaſt.

   • 1948, John Steinbeck, chapter 7, in A Russian Journal, New York: The Viking Press, →ISBN, →OCLC:

     During our stay in Georgia Mr. Chmarsky's gremlin hardly operated at all, and that made us feel better toward him, and made him feel better toward us.

Synonyms

• Gruzia, Sakartvelo

Derived terms

• Georgian
• Kingdom of Georgia
• Western Georgia
• Eastern Georgia

Descendants

• → Burmese: ဂျော်ဂျီယာ (gyaugyiya)
• → Hindi: जॉर्जिया (jŏrjiyā)
• → Japanese: ジョージア (Jōjia)
• → Korean: 조지아 (Jojia)
• → Mandarin: 喬治亞／乔治亚 (Qiáozhìyà)
• → Maori: Hōria
• → Navajo: Jóojah
• → Thai: จอร์เจีย (jɔɔ-jiia)

Translations

See Georgia/translations § Etymology 1.

See also

• (countries of Asia) country of Asia; Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, East Timor, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
• (countries of Europe) countries of Europe; Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vatican City
• Tbilisi
• Georgian SSR

Etymology 2

Map of the US highlighting the State of Georgia in red.

From George (male given name) +‎ -ia (place-name suffix).

Proper noun

Georgia

2. A state in the Southern United States. Capital: Atlanta. It is named for George II of Great Britain (1683–1760).

   Synonym: Jawjuh

   • 1930, “Georgia on My Mind”, Stuart Gorrell (lyrics), Hoagy Carmichael (music):

     I said, Georgia, oh, Georgia
     No peace I find
     Just an old, sweet song
     Keeps Georgia on my mind

3. Several places in the United States.
   1. A town in Franklin County, Vermont, named for George III of the United Kingdom (1738–1820).
   2. An unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Indiana, named for the state.
   3. An unincorporated community in Cherry County, Nebraska, named for a local carpenter.
   4. An unincorporated community in Monmouth County, New Jersey.
4. A hamlet in Towednack parish, Cornwall, England.
6. A transitional serif typeface named after the state, designed by Matthew Carter in 1993.
7. University of Georgia.

Derived terms

• GA
• Georgian
• high as a Georgia pine
• New Georgia

Translations

See Georgia/translations § Etymology 2.

Etymology 3

Latinate feminine form of George, from Ancient Greek Γεώργιος (Geṓrgios, “farmer”).

Proper noun

Georgia

1. A female given name from Ancient Greek.
   • 1949, Jessamyn West, Except for Me and Thee, Macmillan, published 1969, page 9:

     "Georgia?" his mother said. "Why in the world would a mother want to give her daughter such an outlandish name?" "It's no more outlandish than Jesse Griffith." "Why, Jesse G., thee's named for thy two grandfathers." "Georgia's named for a whole state."

Related terms

• George
• Georgiana
• Georgina

Translations

See Georgia/translations § Etymology 3.

Afrikaans

Etymology

Borrowed from English Georgia.

Proper noun

Georgia

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Derived terms

• Georgiaan
• Georgiaans

See also

• Georgië

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡeorɡia/ [ɡe.or.ɣ̞i.a]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: Ge‧or‧gi‧a

Proper noun

Georgia inan

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Declension

Declension of Georgia (inanimate, ending in -a)

	indefinite
absolutive	Georgia
ergative	Georgiak
dative	Georgiari
genitive	Georgiaren
comitative	Georgiarekin
causative	Georgiarengatik
benefactive	Georgiarentzat
instrumental	Georgiaz
inessive	Georgian
locative	Georgiako
allative	Georgiara
terminative	Georgiaraino
directive	Georgiarantz
destinative	Georgiarako
ablative	Georgiatik
partitive	Georgiarik
prolative	Georgiatzat

Derived terms

• georgiar (“Georgian”)
• georgiera (“Georgian language”)

 

Further reading

• “38.- Munduko estatuen izenak, herritarren izenak, hizkuntza ofizialak eta hiriburuak”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Arauak, Euskaltzaindia, 2019

Central Nahuatl

Proper noun

Georgia

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English Georgia.

Proper noun

Georgia (genitive Georgias)

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

See also

• Not to be confused with Georgien in Danish, which means Georgia the country.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Georgia n

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Estonian

Pronunciation

• (country): IPA^(key): /ɡ̊eˈorɡ̊iɑ̯/, [ɡ̊eˈorɡ̊iɑ̯]
• (US state): IPA^(key): /ˈd̥ʒ̊oː(r)d̥ʒ̊iɑ̯/, [ˈd̥ʒ̊oː(r)d̥ʒ̊iɑ̯]

Proper noun

Georgia (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

   Synonym: Gruusia

2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Declension

Declension of Georgia (ÕS type 1/ohutu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		Georgia	Georgiad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	Georgia
genitive			Georgiate
partitive		Georgiat	Georgiaid
illative		Georgiasse	Georgiatesse Georgiaisse
inessive		Georgias	Georgiates Georgiais
elative		Georgiast	Georgiatest Georgiaist
allative		Georgiale	Georgiatele Georgiaile
adessive		Georgial	Georgiatel Georgiail
ablative		Georgialt	Georgiatelt Georgiailt
translative		Georgiaks	Georgiateks Georgiaiks
terminative		Georgiani	Georgiateni
essive		Georgiana	Georgiatena
abessive		Georgiata	Georgiateta
comitative		Georgiaga	Georgiatega

See also

• (countries of Europe) Euroopa riigid; Albaania, Andorra, Armeenia, Aserbaidžaan, Austria, Belgia, Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina, Bulgaaria, Eesti, Georgia/Gruusia, Hispaania, Holland/Madalmaad, Horvaatia, Iirimaa/Iiri, Island, Itaalia, Kasahstan, Kreeka, Küpros, Leedu, Liechtenstein, Luksemburg, Läti, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norra, Poola, Portugal, Põhja-Makedoonia, Prantsusmaa, Rootsi, Rumeenia, Saksamaa, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakkia, Sloveenia, Soome, Suurbritannia, Šveits, Taani, Tšehhi, Türgi, Ukraina, Ungari, Valgevene, Vatikan, Venemaa ^{(Category: et:Countries in Europe)}

References

• Georgia in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology

From Medieval Latin Geōrgia and/or English Georgia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡeorɡiɑ/, [ˈɡe̞o̞rˌɡiɑ̝]
• IPA^(key): /ˈdʒoːdʒ(i)ɑ/, [ˈdʒo̞ːdʒ(i)ɑ̝] (only of US state)
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Syllabification^(key): Ge‧or‧gi‧a

Proper noun

Georgia

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

   Synonym: Gruusia

2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Declension

Inflection of Georgia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		Georgia	—
genitive		Georgian	—
partitive		Georgiaa	—
illative		Georgiaan	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Georgia	—
accusative	nom.	Georgia	—
	gen.	Georgian
genitive		Georgian	—
partitive		Georgiaa	—
inessive		Georgiassa	—
elative		Georgiasta	—
illative		Georgiaan	—
adessive		Georgialla	—
ablative		Georgialta	—
allative		Georgialle	—
essive		Georgiana	—
translative		Georgiaksi	—
abessive		Georgiatta	—
instructive		—	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Georgia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Georgiani — accusative nom. Georgiani — gen. Georgiani genitive Georgiani — partitive Georgiaani — inessive Georgiassani — elative Georgiastani — illative Georgiaani — adessive Georgiallani — ablative Georgialtani — allative Georgialleni — essive Georgianani — translative Georgiakseni — abessive Georgiattani — instructive — — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Georgiasi — accusative nom. Georgiasi — gen. Georgiasi genitive Georgiasi — partitive Georgiaasi — inessive Georgiassasi — elative Georgiastasi — illative Georgiaasi — adessive Georgiallasi — ablative Georgialtasi — allative Georgiallesi — essive Georgianasi — translative Georgiaksesi — abessive Georgiattasi — instructive — — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Georgiamme — accusative nom. Georgiamme — gen. Georgiamme genitive Georgiamme — partitive Georgiaamme — inessive Georgiassamme — elative Georgiastamme — illative Georgiaamme — adessive Georgiallamme — ablative Georgialtamme — allative Georgiallemme — essive Georgianamme — translative Georgiaksemme — abessive Georgiattamme — instructive — — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Georgianne — accusative nom. Georgianne — gen. Georgianne genitive Georgianne — partitive Georgiaanne — inessive Georgiassanne — elative Georgiastanne — illative Georgiaanne — adessive Georgiallanne — ablative Georgialtanne — allative Georgiallenne — essive Georgiananne — translative Georgiaksenne — abessive Georgiattanne — instructive — — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Georgiansa — accusative nom. Georgiansa — gen. Georgiansa genitive Georgiansa — partitive Georgiaansa — inessive Georgiassaan Georgiassansa — elative Georgiastaan Georgiastansa — illative Georgiaansa — adessive Georgiallaan Georgiallansa — ablative Georgialtaan Georgialtansa — allative Georgialleen Georgiallensa — essive Georgianaan Georgianansa — translative Georgiakseen Georgiaksensa — abessive Georgiattaan Georgiattansa — instructive — — comitative — —

Synonyms

• (republic, dated): Gruusia

Derived terms

• georgialainen

 

Related terms

• georgialainen

See also

• (countries of Europe) Euroopan maat; Alankomaat, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaidžan, Belgia, Bosnia ja Hertsegovina, Bulgaria, Espanja, Georgia, Irlanti, Islanti, Iso-Britannia, Italia, Itävalta, Kazakstan, Kreikka, Kroatia, Kypros, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Liettua, Luxemburg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norja, Pohjois-Makedonia, Portugali, Puola, Ranska, Romania, Ruotsi, Saksa, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Suomi, Sveitsi, Tanska, Tšekki, Turkki, Ukraina, Unkari, Valko-Venäjä, Vatikaani, Venäjä, Viro ^{(Category: fi:Countries in Europe)}

German

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Georgia n (proper noun, genitive Georgias or (optionally with an article) Georgia)

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

See also

• Georgien

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Geōrgia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡeɔrˈɡia/
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: Gé‧or‧gi‧a

Proper noun

Géorgia

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Adjective

Géorgia

1. Georgian

See also

• (countries of Europe) negara-negara di Eropa; Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belanda, Belarus, Belgia, Bosnia dan Herzegovina, Britania Raya, Bulgaria, Ceko, Denmark, Estonia, Finlandia, Georgia, Hongaria, Irlandia, Islandia, Italia, Jerman, Kazakhstan, Kroasia, Latvia, Listenstaina, Lituania, Luksemburg, Makedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monako, Montenegro, Norwegia, Perancis, Polandia, Portugal, Rumania, Rusia, San Marino, Serbia, Siprus, Slovenia, Slowakia, Spanyol, Swedia, Swiss, Turki, Ukraina, Yunani, Vatikan

Further reading

• “Georgia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeˈɔr.d͡ʒa/
• Rhymes: -ɔrdʒa
• Hyphenation: Ge‧òr‧gia

Proper noun

Georgia f

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Related terms

• georgiano

See also

• (countries of Europe) paesi d'Europa; Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaigian, Belgio, Bielorussia, Bosnia-Erzegovina, Bulgaria, Cechia, Cipro, Città del Vaticano, Croazia, Danimarca, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Georgia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Islanda, Italia, Kazakistan, Lettonia, Liechtenstein, Lituania, Lussemburgo, Macedonia del Nord, Malta, Moldavia, Monaco, Montenegro, Norvegia, Paesi Bassi, Polonia, Portogallo, Romania, Regno Unito, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovacchia, Slovenia, Spagna, Svezia, Svizzera, Turchia, Ucraina, Ungheria ^{(Category: it:Countries in Europe)}

Latin

Etymology

A borrowing from Classical Persian گرج (gurj), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (Wiruz-ān, “Iberians, Georgians”), of unknown origin. The Latin form was influenced by (sānctus) Geōrgius (“Saint George”) due to the saint's popularity in the country.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ɡeˈor.ɡi.a/, [ɡeˈɔrɡiä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeˈor.d͡ʒi.a/, [d͡ʒeˈɔrd͡ʒiä]

Proper noun

Geōrgia f sg (genitive Geōrgiae); first declension

1. (Medieval Latin, New Latin) Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. (New Latin) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Declension

First-declension noun, with locative, singular only.

Case	Singular
Nominative	Geōrgia
Genitive	Geōrgiae
Dative	Geōrgiae
Accusative	Geōrgiam
Ablative	Geōrgiā
Vocative	Geōrgia
Locative	Geōrgiae

Derived terms

• geōrgiānus

Descendants

• → English: Georgia (see there for further descendants)
• → Middle French: Georgie
  • French: Géorgie
  • → Middle English: Georgie
    • English: Georgie (obsolete)
• → Italian: Georgia
• → Norwegian Bokmål: Georgia
• → Romanian: Georgia
• → Spanish: Georgia

Norwegian Bokmål

Proper noun

Georgia

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Related terms

• georgier
• georgisk

Norwegian Nynorsk

Proper noun

Georgia

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Related terms

• georgiar
• georgisk

Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English Georgia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʐɔr.d͡ʐja/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔrd͡ʐja
• Syllabification: Geor‧gia

Proper noun

Georgia f

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Declension

Declension of Georgia

	singular
nominative	Georgia
genitive	Georgii
dative	Georgii
accusative	Georgię
instrumental	Georgią
locative	Georgii
vocative	Georgio

Further reading

• Georgia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dʒjordʒjˈa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Georgia f

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

   Synonym: (Moldova, dated) Gruzia

2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Declension

declension of Georgia (singular only)

	singular
f gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(o) Georgie	Georgia
genitive/dative	(unei) Georgii	Georgiei
vocative	Georgie, Georgio

See also

• (countries of Europe) țările Europei; Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Belgia, Bosnia și Herțegovina, Bulgaria, Cehia, Cipru, Croația, Danemarca, Elveția, Estonia, Finlanda, Franța, Georgia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Islanda, Italia, Kazahstan, Letonia, Liechtenstein, Lituania, Luxemburg, Macedonia de Nord, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Muntenegru, Norvegia, Polonia, Portugalia, Regatul Unit, România, Rusia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovacia, Slovenia, Spania, Suedia, Turcia, Țările de Jos, Ucraina, Ungaria, Vatican ^{(Category: ro:Countries in Europe)}

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒoːrd͡ʒa]

Proper noun

Georgia f (genitive singular Georgie, declension pattern of ulica)

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

References

• “Georgia”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Geōrgia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xeˈoɾxja/ [xeˈoɾ.xja]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oɾxja
• Syllabification: Ge‧or‧gia

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈʝoɾʝa/ [ˈɟ͡ʝoɾ.ʝa]

• IPA^(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝoɾʝa/ [ˈɟ͡ʝoɾ.ʝa]
• IPA^(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈʃoɾʃa/ [ˈʃoɾ.ʃa]
• IPA^(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʒoɾʒa/ [ˈʒoɾ.ʒa]

• Rhymes: -oɾʝa

Proper noun

Georgia f

1. Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)
2. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Related terms

• georgiano

 

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Georgia n (genitive Georgias)

1. Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Welsh

Etymology

From English Georgia.

Proper noun

Georgia f

1. A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi

Coordinate terms

• (countries of Asia) gwledydd Asia; Affganistan, Armenia, Aserbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhwtan, Brwnei, Cambodia, Casachstan, Catar, Coweit, Cirgistan, Cyprus, De Corea, Dwyrain Timor, yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig, Fietnam, Georgia, Iemen, India, Indonesia, Irac, Iran, Israel, Japan, Gogledd Corea, Gwlad Tai, Gwlad yr Iorddonen, Laos, Libanus, Maleisia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pacistan, Palesteina, y Philipinau, Rwsia, Sawdi Arabia, Singapôr, Sri Lanca, Syria, Taiwan, Tajicistan, Tsieina, Twrci, Tyrcmenistan, Wsbecistan
• (countries of Europe) gwledydd Ewrop; Albania, yr Almaen, Andorra, Armenia, Awstria, Aserbaijan, Belarws, Bosnia a Hertsegofina, Bwlgaria, Casachstan, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmarc, y Deyrnas Unedig, Dinas y Fatican, Estonia, y Ffindir, Ffrainc, yr Eidal, Georgia, Gogledd Macedonia, Gwlad Belg, Gwlad Groeg, Gwlad Pwyl, Gwlad yr Iâ, Hwngari, yr Iseldiroedd, Iwerddon, Latfia, Liechtenstein, Lithwania, Lwcsembwrg, Malta, Moldofa, Monaco, Montenegro, Norwy, Portiwgal, Rwmania, Rwsia, San Marino, Sbaen, Serbia, Slofacia, Slofenia, Sweden, y Swistir, Tsiecia (y Weriniaeth Tsiec), Twrci, Wcráin ^{(Category: cy:Countries in Europe)}