User:Hk5183/unami verb paradigm

Independent Order Central Endings

Independent Order Central Endings
Person	m-endings	w-endings	n-endings
1s	\|-(əhm)\|	\|-W\|	style="width:100px; "\| \|-ən(ē)\|
2s	\|-(əhm)\|	\|-W\|	style="width:100px; "\| \|-ən(ē)\|
3	XX	\|-W\|	\|-ən(ē)\|
1p, 12	\|əhmənā\|	\|wənā(n)\|	\|ənēn(ā(n)-)\|
2p	\|-əhmwā\|	\|-wəwā(w-)\|	\|-ənēwā(w-)\|
3p	XXX	\|-wəwā(w-)\|	\|-ənēwā(w-)\|
3'	\|-W\|m

Animate Intransitive Independent Indicative Inflection

Animate Intransitive Independent Indicative
Person	Inflection
1	\|nə-∅\|
2	\|kə-∅\|
3	\|-w\|
1p	\|n- -əhməna\|
12	\|k--əhməna\|
2p	\|k--əhmwā\|
3p	\|-wak\|
X	\|-ən\|

Animate Intransitive (AI) Verb Paradigm

Animate Intransitive Independent Indicative
Person	/kəntəka·-/ 'dance'	/wəm-/ 'come from'
1,2	nkə́ntka /n-,k--/	no·m /n-,k--/
3	kə́ntke·(w) /-w/	wəm /-w/
1p,12	nkəntkáhəna /n-,k--hməna·/	no·mhóməna /n-,k--hməna·/
2p	kkəntkáhəmɔ /k--hmwa·/	ko·mhómɔ /k--hmwa·/
3p	kəntké·yɔk /-wak/	mo·k /-wak/
X	kə́ntkan /-n/	xahé·lən /-n/

Animate Intransitive Subordinative

Animate Intransitive Subordinative Inflection

Animate Intransitive Independent Indicative
Person	Inflection
1	/nə-ən(ē-)/
2	/kə-ən(ē-)/
3	/wə-ən(ē-)/
3'	/wə-əlīn(ē-)/
1p	/nə-ənēn(ā(n)-)/
12	/kə-ənēn(ā(n)-)/
2p	/kə-ənēwā(w-)/
3p	/wə-ənēwā(w-)/
X	/-ən(ē-)/
0	/-w/

Transitive Animate Indicative Paradigm

Direct		Direct Objective
	Absolute	-3s	-3p	-3'
1s	/nə-ā/	/nə-āw/	/nə-āwak/	X
3s	/-ēw/	X	X	/wə-āwa/
1p	/nə-āhmənā/	/nə-āwənā/	/nə-āwənānāk/	X
2p	/kə-āhmwā/	/kə-āwəwā/	/kə-āwəwāwāk/	X
3p	/-ēwak/	X	X	/wə-āwəwāwā/
X	X	/-āw/	/-āwak/	/-a·ləwa/

Transitive Animate Present Indicative Inverse Paradigm

Inverse		Inverse Objective
	Absolute	-3s	-3p	-3'
1s	/nə-əkw/	/nə-əkw/	/nə-əkōk/	X
3s	/-əkw/	X	X	/wə-əkwa/
3'	/-əkwələw/	X	X	X
1p	/nə-əkwəhmənā/	/nə-əkōnā/	/nə-əkōnānak/	X
2p	/kə-əkwəhmwā/	/kə-əkəwā/	/kə-əkəwāwak/
3p	/-əkōk/	X	X	/wə-əkəwāwa/

Transitive Animate Present Indicative To See

Direct		Direct Objective
	Absolute	-3s	-3p	-3'
1s	/pëne/	/mpënao/	/mpënaok/	X
3s	/pwëne/	X	X	/pwënao/
1p	/nemëna/	/mpënawëna/	/mpënawënanàk/	X
2p	/kënehëmo/	/kpënawa/	/kpënaoòk/	X
3p	/pwënawoo/	X	X	/pwënawoo/
X	X	/new/	/-āwak/	/-a·ləwa/

TA 1 & 2 passive

Transitive Animate Independent Indicative 1 & 2 passive
Person	Inflection
1s	/nə-əkē/
2s	/kə-əkē/
1p	/nə-əkēhnā/
12	/kə- -əkēhnā/
2p	/kə--əkēhmwā/

TA Theme 3

Transitive Animate Independent Indicative Theme 3
Person	Inflection
2s-1s	/kə-ī/
2p-1s	/kə-īhmwā/
2-1p	/kə-īhmənā/

TA Theme 4

Transitive Animate Independent Indicative Theme 4
Person	Inflection
1s-2s	/kə-ələn(ē-)/
1s-2p	/kə-ələnēwā(w-)/
1p-2	/kə-ələnēn(ā(n)-)/

Transitive Animate Subordinative Paradigm

Direct
1s-3	/nə-ān(ē-)/
2s-3	/kə-ān(ē-)/
2s-3'	/kə-ālīn(ē-)/
3s-3'	/wə-ān(ē-)/
X-3	/-ān(ē-)/
X-3'	/ālīn(ē-)/
1p-3	/nə-ānēn(ā(n)-)/
12-3	/kə-ānēn(ā(n)-)/
2p-3	/kə-ānēwā(w-)/
3p-3'	/wə-ānēwā(w-)/

Transitive Animate Subordinative Inverse Paradigm

Inverse
3-1s	/nə-əkwən(ē-), -əkōn(ē-)/
3-2s	/kə-əkwən(ē-), əkōn(ē-)/
3'-3s	/wə-əkwən(ē-), əkōn(ē-)/
3-1p	/nə-əkōnēn(ā(n)-)/
3-12	/kə-əkōnēn(ā(n)-)/
2p	/kə-əkwənēwā(w-)/, /kə-əkōnēwā(w-)/
3'-3p	/wə-əkwənēwā(w-)/, /wə-əkōnēwā(w-)/

TA Theme 3

Transitive Animate Subordinative Theme 3
Person	Inflection
2s-1s	/kə-īn(ē-)/
2p-1s	/kə-īnēwā(w-)/
2-1p	/kə-īnēn(ā(n)-)/

TA Theme 4

Transitive Animate Independent Indicative Theme 4
Person	Inflection
1s-2s	/kə-əl/
1s-2p	/kə-ələhmwā/
1p-2	/kə-ələhmənā/

Transitive Inanimate

Transitive Inanimate Present Indicative Absolute Paradigm

	TI(1a)	TI(1b)	TI(2)	TI(3)
1s	/nə-am/	/nə-əm/	/nə-ō/	/nə-/
2s	/kə-am/	/kə-əm/	/kə-ō/	/kə-/
3s	/-amw/	/-əmw/	/-ōw/	/-w/
1p	/nə-aməhmənā/	/nə-əməhmənā/	/nə-ōhnā/	/nə-əhmənā/
12	/kə-aməhmənā/	/kə-əməhmənā/	/kə-ōhnā/	/kə-əhmənā/
2p	/kə-aməhmwā/	/kə-əməhmwā/	/kə-ōhmwā/	/kə-əhmwā/
3p	/-amōk/	/-əmōk/	/-ōwak/	/wak/

Conjunct Order Central Suffixes

Conjunct Order Central Suffixes
Person	basic set
1s	/-ā(n)/
2s	/-an/, /-àn/
3s	/-t/, /-k/
X	/ənk/
1p	/-ēnk/
12	/-ankw/
2p	/-ēkw/
0	/-k/
3p	/-hətīt/
3'	/-əlīt/

Suffix /-ā(n-)/ almost always /-án/ before a vowel & /-a/ word finally.
After a vowel the /ə/ in /-ənk/ & /-əlīt/ is elided, but the other suffix-initial vowels have a /y/ inserted before them.
An underlying /ī/ is replaced by /ə/ before this /y/, the /ə/ is colored to /i/, and the /y/ is lost.
After other vowels (/ā/ & /ē/) the /y/ is lost without a trace.
The variant /-k/ 3 is used after a consonant.
The suffix -k is added directly after /m/ @ /n/ giving /nk/.
After other consonants/ə/ is inserted before/k/ 3s.

In II stems, a stem-final /t/ combines variously with /-k/ 0: a /ə/ may be inserted, giving /tək/, or /-k/ 0 may be added directly, giving both /hk/ and /h/.

Ostensible /-hətīt/ 3p is used after a vowel (/hət/ realized as /ht/); /əhtīt/ 3p (/əht/ realized as /hit/) is used after a consonant preceded by a long vowel; /əhətīt/ 3p (/əhət/ realized as /iht/) is used in most cases after a short-vowel syllable
The /-k/ 0 & 3 combines with /-w/ NEG as /-kw/
The TI class Theme Sign /-aw/ combines with /-k/ 3 as /-ākw/.

--

Direct theme sign (theme 1) /-ā/ appears overtly before a consonant (giving e.g. /-āt/ 3s-3' & /-āhətīt/ 3p-3'), but is dropped before a vowel (giving /-àk/ 1s-3).
The underlying presence of /-ā/ before the vowel-initial suffixes is evident, however, in negative forms in which /-w/ NEG intervenes.

TA, 3rd person object Conjunct Suffixes

Transitive Animate 3 person object Conjunct Suffixes
Person	Inflection
1s-3	/-àk/
2s-3	/-àt/
X-3	/-ənt/

Conjunct

Central Pronominal Suffixes are entirely distinct from those of the Independent Order.
Theme signs basically same as Independent Order, with a few differences in distribution.
Peripheral Suffixes, used only to mark heads of participles, are variants of those used on possessed nouns & Independent Order verbs.

Miscellany

	Template:wikt-lang water f.				Template:wikt-lang poet m.
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
Nominative	aqua	-a	aquae	-ae	poēta	-a	poētae	-ae
Vocative	aqua	-a	aquae	-ae	poēta	-a	poētae	-ae
Accusative	aquam	-am	aquās	-ās	poētam	-am	poētās	-ās
Genitive	aquaeTemplate:efn-lr	-ae	aquārum	-ārum	poētae	-ae	poētārum	-ārum
Dative	aquaeTemplate:efn-lr	-ae	aquīs	-īs	poētae	-ae	poētīs	-īs
Ablative	aquā	-ā	aquīs	-īs	poētā	-ā	poētīs	-īs

Template:notelist-lr The locative endings for the first declension are -ae (singular) and -īs (plural), similar to the genitive singular and ablative plural, as in mīlitiae 'in war' and Athēnīs 'at Athens'.^[1]

Useful things
x̱l̓m̓n̓áéḵú7íw̓y̓
əčłóťk̓p̓s̓
t̓ə̣ƛụṣạ́ʔχ:ʷˀ·

Tamil personal pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	நான் (nāṉ)	நாங்கள் (nāṅkaḷ) (exclusive) நாம் (nām) (inclusive)
2nd person	நீ (nī) (low register) நீங்கள் (nīṅkaḷ) (high register)	நீங்கள் (nīṅkaḷ)
3rd person Masculine	அவன் (avaṉ) (low register) அவர் (avar) (high register)	அவர்கள் (avarkaḷ)
3rd person Feminine	அவள் (avaḷ) (low register) அவர் (avar)	அவர்கள் (avarkaḷ)
3rd person Neuter	அது (atu)	அவை (avai)

Inflected forms

Base form
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Common
1^st person	{{{1s}}}		{{{1p}}}
2^nd person	{{{2ms}}}	{{{2fs}}}	{{{2p}}}
3^rd person	{{{3ms}}}	{{{3fs}}}	{{{3p}}}

[[]]

Etymology

/mashkiig-: muskeg, marsh, swamp
/-min: berry

Inflection

ininiwag (plural)

flow, stream, current
agidaajiwan — upstream

oj-vai Nind

Conjugation

Conjugation of Hk5183/unami verb paradigm

Independent	positive	negative
1st person (1s) Niin	nindHk5183/unami verb paradigm	nindHk5183/unami verb paradigmsii(n)
2nd person (2s) Giin	gidHk5183/unami verb paradigm	gidHk5183/unami verb paradigmsii(n)
3rd person (3s) Wiin	Hk5183/unami verb paradigm	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsii(n)
Obviative (3')	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmwan	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiiwan
Indefinite (X)	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmm	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiim
1st person plural exclusive (1p) Niinawind	nindHk5183/unami verb paradigmmin	nindHk5183/unami verb paradigmsiimin
1st person plural inclusive (21) Giinawind	gidHk5183/unami verb paradigmmin	gidHk5183/unami verb paradigmsiimin
2nd person plural (2p) Giinawaa	gidHk5183/unami verb paradigmm	gidHk5183/unami verb paradigmsiim
3rd person plural (3p) Wiinawaa	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmwag	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiiwag
Conjunct	positive	negative
1st person (1s) Niin	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmyaan	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiwaan
2nd person (2s) Giin	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmyan/yin	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiwan/siwin
3rd person (3s) Wiin	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmd	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsig
Obviative (3')	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmnid	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsinid/sinig
Indefinite (X)	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmng	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsing
1st person plural exclusive (1p) Niinawind	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmyaang	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiwaang
1st person plural inclusive (21) Giinawind	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmyang/ying	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiwang/siwing
2nd person plural (2p) Giinawaa	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmyeg	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiweg
3rd person plural (3p) Wiinawaa	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmwaad	Hk5183/unami verb paradigmsiwaad

Peculiarities

Base template for Unami verbs. Use this for other tense/mood tables.

{{{11}}} conjugation of Hk5183/unami verb paradigm

{{{1}}}
1st person singular	{{{2}}}
2nd person singular	{{{3}}}
3rd person singular	{{{4}}}
1st person plural inclusive	{{{5}}}
1st person plural exclusive	{{{6}}}
2nd person plural	{{{7}}}
3rd person plural	{{{8}}}
indefinite subject	{{{9}}}
obviative	{{{10}}}

[Category:Unami templates|verbtable]transitive animate

direct

I - him neyo

I - them neyok / neyook

You - him kneyo

You them

He - you sg.

He - him' wëneyoo

He - them wëneyoòk

We - you sg.

We - him këneyowëna

We - You pl.

We - them kneyowënanàk / neyowënanàk

You pl. - him kneyowa

You pl. us

You pl. them këneyook

You-object subj 1 & obj. 2

knewël I -you sg.

knewëlhùmo I - you pl.

knewëlhùmëna We - you pl.

knewëlhùhëna We - you sg.

Me object subject 2nd & obj. 1st

You sg. - me (knei)

You pl. - Me - (kneihëmo) [knei -hm-waw] You sg. - us këneihëna

inverse forms

He - me neyùkw [new - ëk -w

He-us (nehkùna) w-new-ëkw-w-nan

He - you pl. kënèhkuwa

They - me nehkùk [n-new-ëk-w-àk]

They-you sg. kënèhkuk

They - him nèhkëwoo

They - him (obv.) neyòwò

They - us nèhkuwënanàk

They-you pl. kënèhkëwook

They - them (obv.) wëneyoneyo

We - refl. kënewtihënuk

kënewtihëna

You pl.- refl. kënewtihëmo

kënewtihëmuk

They - refl. newtuwàk

Passive VAI

nèhkwësi - I am seen

nèwkwësu - he is seen / nèhkwësu

nèhkwësihënuk - we are seen / nèhkwësihëna

kënèhkwësihëmo - you pl. are seen

nèhkwësuwàk - they are seen

In the third declension, there are four irregular nouns.

Case	Template:wikt-lang force, power f.		Template:wikt-lang swine, pig, hog m.f.		Template:wikt-lang ox, bullock m.f.		Template:wikt-lang Jupiter m.
Case	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular
Nominative	vīs	vīrēs	sūs	suēs	bōsTemplate:efn-lr	bovēs	Iuppiter IūpiterTemplate:efn-lr
Vocative	vīs	vīrēs	sūs		bōsTemplate:efn-lr		Iuppiter IūpiterTemplate:efn-lr
Accusative	vim	vīrēs vīrīs	suem		bovem		Iovem
Genitive	vīsTemplate:efn-lr	vīrium	suis	suum	bovis	boum bovum	Iovis
Dative	vīTemplate:efn-lr	vīribus	suī	suibus, sūbus	bovī	bōbus būbusTemplate:efn-lr	Iovī
Ablative	vī	vīribus	sue	suibus, sūbus	bove	bōbus būbusTemplate:efn-lr	Iove

Template:notelist-lr

^ Allen and Greenough. §43 c.

[1] Allen and Greenough. §43 c.

[1]

Person	m-endings	w-endings	n-endings
1s	\|-(əhm)\|	\|-W\|	style="width:100px; "\| \|-ən(ē)\|
2s	\|-(əhm)\|	\|-W\|	style="width:100px; "\| \|-ən(ē)\|
3	XX	\|-W\|	\|-ən(ē)\|
1p, 12	\|əhmənā\|	\|wənā(n)\|	\|ənēn(ā(n)-)\|
2p	\|-əhmwā\|	\|-wəwā(w-)\|	\|-ənēwā(w-)\|
3p	XXX	\|-wəwā(w-)\|	\|-ənēwā(w-)\|
3'	\|-W\|m

Person	Inflection
1	\|nə-∅\|
2	\|kə-∅\|
3	\|-w\|
1p	\|n- -əhməna\|
12	\|k--əhməna\|
2p	\|k--əhmwā\|
3p	\|-wak\|
X	\|-ən\|