sappi

See also: säppi

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sappi, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *säppä. Cognates include Estonian sapp, Erzya сэпе (sepe) and Hungarian epe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑpːi/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝pːi]
• Rhymes: -ɑpːi
• Syllabification^(key): sap‧pi

Noun

sappi

1. bile, gall (bodily fluid)
2. Ellipsis of sappirakko (“gallbladder”).
3. centaury (any plant of the genus Centaurium)
4. (in the plural) the genus Centaurium
5. (idiomatic, dated outside expressions) bile, spleen, spitefulness (bad mood, bitterness of temper)

   Hän saa sappeni kiehumaan.

   He makes my blood boil.

   (literally, “He makes my bile boil.”)

Declension

Inflection of sappi (Kotus type 7*B/ovi, pp-p gradation)
nominative		sappi	sapet
genitive		sapen	sappien
partitive		sappea	sappia
illative		sappeen	sappiin
		singular	plural
nominative		sappi	sapet
accusative	nom.	sappi	sapet
	gen.	sapen
genitive		sapen	sappien
partitive		sappea	sappia
inessive		sapessa	sapissa
elative		sapesta	sapista
illative		sappeen	sappiin
adessive		sapella	sapilla
ablative		sapelta	sapilta
allative		sapelle	sapille
essive		sappena	sappina
translative		sapeksi	sapiksi
abessive		sapetta	sapitta
instructive		—	sapin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sappi (Kotus type 7*B/ovi, pp-p gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sappeni sappeni accusative nom. sappeni sappeni gen. sappeni genitive sappeni sappieni partitive sappeani sappiani inessive sapessani sapissani elative sapestani sapistani illative sappeeni sappiini adessive sapellani sapillani ablative sapeltani sapiltani allative sapelleni sapilleni essive sappenani sappinani translative sapekseni sapikseni abessive sapettani sapittani instructive — — comitative — sappineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sappesi sappesi accusative nom. sappesi sappesi gen. sappesi genitive sappesi sappiesi partitive sappeasi sappiasi inessive sapessasi sapissasi elative sapestasi sapistasi illative sappeesi sappiisi adessive sapellasi sapillasi ablative sapeltasi sapiltasi allative sapellesi sapillesi essive sappenasi sappinasi translative sapeksesi sapiksesi abessive sapettasi sapittasi instructive — — comitative — sappinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sappemme sappemme accusative nom. sappemme sappemme gen. sappemme genitive sappemme sappiemme partitive sappeamme sappiamme inessive sapessamme sapissamme elative sapestamme sapistamme illative sappeemme sappiimme adessive sapellamme sapillamme ablative sapeltamme sapiltamme allative sapellemme sapillemme essive sappenamme sappinamme translative sapeksemme sapiksemme abessive sapettamme sapittamme instructive — — comitative — sappinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sappenne sappenne accusative nom. sappenne sappenne gen. sappenne genitive sappenne sappienne partitive sappeanne sappianne inessive sapessanne sapissanne elative sapestanne sapistanne illative sappeenne sappiinne adessive sapellanne sapillanne ablative sapeltanne sapiltanne allative sapellenne sapillenne essive sappenanne sappinanne translative sapeksenne sapiksenne abessive sapettanne sapittanne instructive — — comitative — sappinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sappensa sappensa accusative nom. sappensa sappensa gen. sappensa genitive sappensa sappiensa partitive sappeaan sappeansa sappiaan sappiansa inessive sapessaan sapessansa sapissaan sapissansa elative sapestaan sapestansa sapistaan sapistansa illative sappeensa sappiinsa adessive sapellaan sapellansa sapillaan sapillansa ablative sapeltaan sapeltansa sapiltaan sapiltansa allative sapelleen sapellensa sapilleen sapillensa essive sappenaan sappenansa sappinaan sappinansa translative sapekseen sapeksensa sapikseen sapiksensa abessive sapettaan sapettansa sapittaan sapittansa instructive — — comitative — sappineen sappinensa

Synonyms

• (gallbladder): sappirakko
• (bitterness of temper): sapekkuus

Derived terms

• sapekas
• sapettaa

 

compounds

• auringonsappi
• kuunsappi
• päivänsappi
• rantasappi
• sapenjohdin
• sappihapero
• sappihappo
• sappihiussuoni
• sappikivi
• sappineste
• sappipitoinen
• sappirakko
• sappisaippua
• sappiseitikki
• sappistaasi
• sappitatti
• sappitauti
• sappitie
• sappitiehyt
• sappiväriaine

 

Further reading

• “sappi”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sappi. Cognates include Finnish sappi and Estonian sapp.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑpːi/, [ˈs̠ɑpʲː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑpːi/, [ˈʃɑpːi]
• Rhymes: -ɑpʲː, -ɑpːi
• Hyphenation: sap‧pi

Noun

sappi

1. bile, gall
2. halo (of the Sun)

Declension

Declension of sappi (type 5/lehti, pp-p gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	sappi	sapet
genitive	sapen	sappiin, sappiloin
partitive	sappia	sappija, sappiloja
illative	sappee	sappii, sappiloihe
inessive	sapes	sapis, sappilois
elative	sapest	sapist, sappiloist
allative	sapelle	sapille, sappiloille
adessive	sapel	sapil, sappiloil
ablative	sapelt	sapilt, sappiloilt
translative	sapeks	sapiks, sappiloiks
essive	sappenna, sappeen	sappinna, sappiloinna, sappiin, sappiloin
exessive1)	sappent	sappint, sappiloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• sappirakko

 

References

• Fedor Tumansky (1790) “саппи”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 679
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 506

Italian

Verb

sappi

1. second-person singular imperative of sapere

Karelian

Noun

sappi

1. gall (bile)

Pali

Noun

sappi n

1. ghee

References

• sappi in SuttaCentral

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sappi.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑpːi/, [ˈsɑpʲːi]
• Rhymes: -ɑpːi
• Hyphenation: sap‧pi

Noun

sappi

1. bile, gall

Inflection

Declension of sappi (type VII/nimi, pp-p gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	sappi	sapõd
genitive	sapõ	sappijõ, sappii
partitive	sappia	sappiitõ, sappii
illative	sappõsõ, sappõ	sappiisõ
inessive	sapõz	sappiiz
elative	sapõssõ	sappiissõ
allative	sapõlõ	sappiilõ
adessive	sapõllõ	sappiillõ
ablative	sapõltõ	sappiiltõ
translative	sapõssi	sappiissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “sappi”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn