tirgus

Latvian

Tirgus

Etymology

Some consider this word borrowed from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “market, commerce”), which agrees with the u in Lithuanian (and Latvian dialectal) tur̃gus, but not with the i in standard tirgus. Others propose that it is the natural development of Proto-Baltic *terg-, *tirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ter-, *tor-, *tr̥- (“to make noise, to talk a lot”) (whence Latvian tērzēt, tirzāt (“to chat, to chatter”), q.v.) with an extra -g (whence also Latvian tērgot, tērgāt (“to chat, to chatter”), where the long ē is secondary; q.v.). The semantic evolution would be, in this case: “much (loud) talking” > “noise, bustle” (still currently attested; see below) > “(place where there is) much noise, bustle” > “place where people meet, village square, market.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, the meaning “price” is also attested. Cognates include Lithuanian tur̃gus, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ (Old Church Slavonic тръгъ (trŭgŭ, “people gathering, market, marketplace”), Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ), торгъ (torgŭ, “market, commerce”), Russian, Ukrainian торг (torg, “commerce; (arch.) market; (pl.) auction”), Bulgarian търг (tǎrg, “auction; commerce”), Czech trh (“market”), Polish targ (“market”)), Old Norse, Icelandic, Swedish torg (“market, marketplace”), Danish torv (“market, marketplace”), Albanian treg (“market”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tìɾɡus]

Noun

tirgus m (3rd declension)

1. market, marketplace (a square, a building, a space, where agricultural and/or industrial goods are sold and bought; the kind of buying and selling that takes place in such a place)

   tirgus laukums ― market square, marketplace

   tirgus burzma ― market bustle

   rudens tirgus ― autumn market

   zivju tirgus ― fish market

   puķu tirgus ― flower market

   tirgus cena ― market price

   tirgus soma ― market bag

   iepirkties tirgū ― to shop in the market

   vest uz tirgu ābolus ― to take apples to the market

   gada tirgus, gadatirgus ― year market, fair

   nedeļas tirgus ― weekly market

   tirgus sieva ― market woman (i.e., who trades in a market)

   krāmu tirgus ― flea market (where common, used objects are sold)

   melnais tirgus ― black market (= illegal market)

2. (figuratively) noise, uproar, confusion

   netaisiet tirgu! ― don't make a market! (= confusion, noise)

   drīz vien bērni sāka kliegt cits caur citu: sacēlas īsts tirgus ― soon the children started shouting at each other: a real market (= confusion, uproar) arose

3. market (system of trading; trade processes, relations)

   iekšējais, vietējais, ārējais tirgus ― internal, local, foreign market

   starptautiskais tirgus ― international market

   naftas tirgus ― the oil market

   brīvais tirgus ― free market

   brīvā tirgus ekonomika ― free market economy

   tirgus attiecības ― market relations

   pasaules tirgus ― the world market (= international trade system)

Declension

Declension of tirgus (3rd declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	tirgus	tirgi
accusative (akuzatīvs)	tirgu	tirgus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	tirgus	tirgu
dative (datīvs)	tirgum	tirgiem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	tirgu	tirgiem
locative (lokatīvs)	tirgū	tirgos
vocative (vokatīvs)	tirgus	tirgi

Derived terms

• ārvalstu valūtas tirgus

Related terms

• tirdzinieks, tirdziniece
• tirdzniecība
• tirdzniecisks
• tirdziņš
• tirgonis, tirgone
• tirgot, tirgoties
• tirgotājs, tirgotāja
• tirgotava

See also

• bazārs