werken
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Dutch werken, from Old Dutch wirken, from Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to work, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work, act”).
Verb
editwerken
- (intransitive) to work, labour
- (intransitive) to function, work, be in working order
- Synonyms: functioneren, het doen
- De machine is oud, maar hij werkt nog steeds prima. ― The machine is old, but it still functions perfectly.
- (intransitive) to warp, settle
- De planken begonnen te werken door het vocht. ― The planks started to warp due to the moisture.
- (transitive, amateur radio) to contact
- Ik heb gisteravond een paar andere radioamateurs gewerkt in een DX-wedstrijd. ― Last night, I made contact with a few other radio amateurs in a DX contest.
Conjugation
editMuch like wrought (past form of work) in English, all verb forms based on -wrocht- are considered to be archaic or obsolete.
Conjugation of werken (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | werken | |||
past singular | werkte | |||
past participle | gewerkt | |||
infinitive | werken | |||
gerund | werken n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | werk | werkte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | werkt, werk2 | werkte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | werkt | werkte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | werkt | werkte | ||
3rd person singular | werkt | werkte | ||
plural | werken | werkten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | werke | werkte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | werken | werkten | ||
imperative sing. | werk | |||
imperative plur.1 | werkt | |||
participles | werkend | gewerkt | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Conjugation of werken (weak with past in -cht) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | werken | |||
past singular | wrocht | |||
past participle | gewrocht | |||
infinitive | werken | |||
gerund | werken n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | werk | wrocht | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | werkt, werk2 | wrocht | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | werkt | wrocht | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | werkt | wrocht | ||
3rd person singular | werkt | wrocht | ||
plural | werken | wrochten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | werke | wrochte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | werken | wrochten | ||
imperative sing. | werk | |||
imperative plur.1 | werkt | |||
participles | werkend | gewrocht | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
edit- aaneenwerken
- aanwerken
- achteroverwerken
- achteruitwerken
- afwerken
- bewerken
- bijeenwerken
- bijwerken
- buitenwerken
- dichtwerken
- doodwerken
- dooreenwerken
- doorwerken
- gelijkwerken
- gewerken
- ineenwerken
- inwerken
- kapotwerken
- kromwerken
- leegwerken
- loswerken
- medewerken
- meewerken
- miswerken
- nawerken
- nederwerken
- neerwerken
- omhoogwerken
- omlaagwerken
- omwerken
- ondereenwerken
- onderwerken
- ontwerken
- op de zenuwen werken
- openwerken
- opwerken
- overeenwerken
- overwerken
- rechtwerken
- samenwerken
- tegenwerken
- terugwerken
- thuiswerken
- toewerken
- uiteenwerken
- uitwerken
- vastwerken
- verderwerken
- verwerken
- volwerken
- voortwerken
- vooruitwerken
- voorwerken
- wederwerken
- weerwerken
- wegwerken
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editwerken
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German wërken, from Old High German werkōn, werhōn, from Proto-Germanic *werkōną. Cognate with Old Saxon werkōn, Old Dutch wirkon.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editwerken (weak, third-person singular present werkt, past tense werkte, past participle gewerkt, auxiliary haben)
- to do handicraft, especially woodwork
- Synonym: (more common) werkeln
- (dated, literary or informal) to work manually
Conjugation
editinfinitive | werken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | werkend | ||||
past participle | gewerkt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich werke | wir werken | i | ich werke | wir werken |
du werkst | ihr werkt | du werkest | ihr werket | ||
er werkt | sie werken | er werke | sie werken | ||
preterite | ich werkte | wir werkten | ii | ich werkte1 | wir werkten1 |
du werktest | ihr werktet | du werktest1 | ihr werktet1 | ||
er werkte | sie werkten | er werkte1 | sie werkten1 | ||
imperative | werk (du) werke (du) |
werkt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editMapudungun
editNoun
editwerken (Raguileo spelling)
References
edit- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Middle Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Old Dutch wirken, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Verb
editwerken
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “werken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “werken (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English wyrċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editwerken
- to work
Conjugation
edit1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “werken, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrkən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrkən/2 syllables
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch transitive verbs
- nl:Amateur radio
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- Dutch weak verbs (-cht)
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch noun forms
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German dated terms
- German literary terms
- German informal terms
- Mapudungun lemmas
- Mapudungun nouns
- Raguileo Mapudungun spellings
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English irregular weak verbs
- Middle English weak verbs