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{{Short description|First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = {{rtl-lang|ota|ولايت کسطمونى}}<br />''Vilâyet-i Kastamuni''
|native_name = {{lang|ota|ولايت قسطمونى}}<br />''Vilâyet-i Kastamuni''
|common_name = Kastamonu Vilayet
|common_name = Kastamonu Vilayet
|subdivision = [[Vilayet]]
|subdivision = [[Vilayet]]
Line 8: Line 9:
|date_start =
|date_start =
|date_end =
|date_end =
|event_start =
|event_start = [[Vilayet Law]]
|event_end =
|event_end =
|p1 = Kastamonu Eyalet
|p1 = Kastamonu Eyalet
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|flag_type =
|flag_type =
|image_coat =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Kastamonu Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (1900).png
|image_map = CUINET(1895) 4.418 Vilayet of Kastamonu.jpg
⚫
|image_map_caption = The Kastamonu Vilayet in 1895
|image_map_size = 280px
⚫
|image_map_caption = Kastamonu Vilayet in 1900
|capital = [[Kastamonu]]
|capital = [[Kastamonu]]
|today =
|today =
<!--- Area and population of a given year --->
<!--- Area and population of a given year --->
|stat_year1 = Muslim, 1914<ref name="1914-census">{{cite web | url =http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf | title =1914 Census Statistics | author = | date = | work = | publisher =[[Turkish General Staff]] | pages = 605–606 | accessdate = 29 January 2011}}</ref>
|stat_year1 = Muslim, 1914<ref name="1914-census">{{cite web|url=http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf |title=1914 Census Statistics |publisher=[[Turkish General Staff]] |pages=605–606 |access-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185405/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf |archive-date= 7 October 2011 }}</ref>
|stat_area1 =
|stat_pop1 = 737302
|stat_year2 = Greek, 1914<ref name="1914-census"/>
|stat_area2 =
|stat_pop2 = 20958
|stat_year3 = Armenian, 1914<ref name="1914-census"/>
|stat_area3 =
|stat_pop3 = 8959
|stat_year4 =
|stat_area4 =
|stat_pop4 =
|stat_pop4 =
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
The '''Vilayet of Kastamonu''' ({{lang-ota|ولايت کسطمونى, Vilâyet-i Kastamuni}}) was a [[vilayet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of {{convert|19300|sqmi|km2}}, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,009,460.<ref name="asia">[http://www.archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/459/mode/1up Asia] by [[A. H. Keane]], page 459</ref> The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.<ref name="asia"/>
The '''Vilayet of Kastamonu''' ({{lang-ota|ولايت قسطمونى|Vilâyet-i Kastamuni}}) was a first-level administrative division ([[vilayet]]) of the [[Ottoman Empire]], established in 1867 and abolished in 1922. At the beginning of the 20th century, the vilayet reportedly had an area of {{convert|19300|sqmi|km2}}, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,009,460.<ref name="asia">[https://archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/459/mode/1up Asia] by [[A. H. Keane]], page 459</ref> The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.<ref name="asia"/>


==History==
==History==
{{expand section|date=August 2015}}
The Kastamonu Vilayet, a first-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire, was established in 1867 and abolished in 1922. In the 1920s, the British geographer George Walter Prothero described the region as being mountainous, indicating a rugged and varied terrain. This would have influenced the lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants, likely leading to communities that were isolated from each other due to the challenging landscape.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Turkey {{!}} Location, Geography, People, Economy, Culture, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkey |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>


The population at that time was primarily Muslim. This religious majority would have shaped the social and cultural norms of the region, influencing aspects such as legal systems, education, and daily customs. It’s important to note that while the population was primarily Muslim, it was likely diverse in terms of ethnicity, language, and cultural practices.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=Saudi Arabia (KSA) Population Statistics 2023 [Infographics] |url=https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/saudi-arabia-population-statistics/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Official GMI Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>
In the 1920s, the region was described by the [[British people|British]] as being mountainous and having a primarily [[Muslim]] population. In 1920, the British described the Vilayet as being "the most backward in Anatolia."<ref name=Prothero90>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/90/}}</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
The vilayet was not known for large agricultural production, despite being described as having fertile ground in 1920. Most agricultural production is kept within the vilayet, being consumed by the population.<ref name=Prothero90>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/90/}}</ref> What was produced, included wheat, [[barley]], [[maize]], [[chickpea]]s, [[gall]], and [[valonia oak]]. A small amount of [[opium]] and [[cotton]] was also produced in the region. [[Silk production]] was active in the southern area on a small scale, as was livestock.<ref name=Prothero91>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/91/}}</ref> The area used to mine [[lead]] and [[nickel]].<ref name=Prothero103>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=103|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/103/}}</ref><ref name=Prothero106>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=106|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/106/}}</ref>


The vilayet was not known for large agricultural production, despite being described as having fertile ground in 1920. Most agricultural production is kept within the vilayet, being consumed by the population.<ref name=Prothero90/> What was produced, included wheat, [[barley]], [[maize]], [[chickpea]]s, [[gall]], and [[valonia oak]]. A small amount of [[opium]] and [[cotton]] was also produced in the region. [[Silk production]] was active in the southern area on a small scale, as was livestock.<ref name=Prothero91>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/91/}}</ref> The area used to mine [[lead]] and [[nickel]].<ref name=Prothero103>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=103|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/103/}}</ref><ref name=Prothero106>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=106|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/106/}}</ref>
Cloth was also being produced in the Kastamonu Vilayet, made from wool and [[goat|goat hair]], which was mainly sold to locals. [[Sinop Province|Sinop]] produced cotton cloth as well, with detailed [[embroidery]]. In the western part of the vilayet, [[Carpet|rugs]] were produced. [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]] and [[Ineboli]] both were centers for [[boatbuilding]].<ref name=Prothero112>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=112|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/112/}}</ref>

Cloth was also being produced in the vilayet, made from wool and [[goat|goat hair]], which was mainly sold to locals. [[Sinop Province|Sinop]] produced cotton cloth as well, with detailed [[embroidery]]. In the western part of the vilayet, [[Carpet|rugs]] were produced. [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]] and [[Ineboli]] both were centers for [[boatbuilding]].<ref name=Prothero112>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=112|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/112/}}</ref>


==Administrative divisions==
==Administrative divisions==
[[file:Kastamonu Vilayet — Memalik-i Mahruse-i Shahane-ye Mahsus Mukemmel ve Mufassal Atlas (1907).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Map of subdivisions of Kastamonu Vilayet in 1907]]
Sanjaks of the Vilayet:<ref name="a-ids">[http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2009/10/kastamonu-vilayeti/ Kastamonu Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet]</ref>
Sanjaks of the Vilayet:<ref name="a-ids">[http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2009/10/kastamonu-vilayeti/ Kastamonu Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet]</ref>
# Sanjak of Kastamonu ([[Kastamonu]], [[İnebolu]], [[Safranbolu]], [[Taşköprü, Kastamonu|Taşköprü]], [[Daday]], [[Cide]], [[Tosya]], [[Araç]])
# Sanjak of [[Kastamonu]]
# Sanjak of [[Kengiri]] ([[Çankiri]])
# Sanjak of [[Çankırı|Kengiri]] ([[Çankırı]], [[Çerkeş]])
# Sanjak of [[Sinob]]
# Sanjak of [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinob]] ([[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], [[Boyabat]], [[Ayancık]])


* [[Sanjak of Bolu]] (Sanjak of Boli), now [[Bolu Province]], was an independent sanjak within the borders of Kastamonu Vilayet.<ref name="rm39">{{Cite book|title=A handbook of Asia Minor|volume=1|year=1919|author=Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy)|location=London|page=[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookofasiami01greauoft#page/226 226]}}</ref>
* [[Sanjak of Bolu]] (Sanjak of Boli), now [[Bolu Province]], was an independent sanjak within the borders of Kastamonu Vilayet.<ref name="rm39">{{Cite book|title=A handbook of Asia Minor|volume=1|year=1919|author=Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy)|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/stream/handbookofasiami01greauoft#page/226 226]}}</ref> Localities within the sanjak: [[Bolu]], [[Karadeniz Ereğli]], [[Bartın]], [[Gerede]], [[Göynük]], [[Akçakoca]], [[Düzce]], [[Devrek]], [[Mudurnu]].


==References==
==References==
Line 61: Line 53:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Cite EB1911|title=Kastamuni|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Kastamuni|first=|last=|volume=|pages=}}
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Kastamuni |first=John George Clark |last=Anderson |volume=15 |page=694}}
* {{commonscat-inline|Vilayet of Kastamonu}}
* {{commons category-inline|Vilayet of Kastamonu}}


{{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire|expanded = Vilayets}}
{{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire|expanded = Vilayets}}


{{coord missing}}
{{coord missing|Turkey}}


[[Category:Kastamonu vilayet| ]]
[[Category:Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia]]
[[Category:Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia]]
[[Category:History of Bartın Province]]
[[Category:History of Bartın Province]]
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[[Category:History of Zonguldak Province]]
[[Category:History of Zonguldak Province]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Kastamonu Vilayet]]
[[Category:1922 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:World Digital Library related]]

Revision as of 01:08, 26 October 2023

ولايت قسطمونى
Vilâyet-i Kastamuni
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire
1867–1922

The Kastamonu Vilayet in 1895
CapitalKastamonu
History 
1867
• Disestablished
1922
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Kastamonu Eyalet
Turkey

The Vilayet of Kastamonu (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت قسطمونى, romanized: Vilâyet-i Kastamuni) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire, established in 1867 and abolished in 1922. At the beginning of the 20th century, the vilayet reportedly had an area of 19,300 square miles (50,000 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,009,460.[2] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[2]

History

The Kastamonu Vilayet, a first-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire, was established in 1867 and abolished in 1922. In the 1920s, the British geographer George Walter Prothero described the region as being mountainous, indicating a rugged and varied terrain. This would have influenced the lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants, likely leading to communities that were isolated from each other due to the challenging landscape.[3]

The population at that time was primarily Muslim. This religious majority would have shaped the social and cultural norms of the region, influencing aspects such as legal systems, education, and daily customs. It’s important to note that while the population was primarily Muslim, it was likely diverse in terms of ethnicity, language, and cultural practices.[4]

Economy

The vilayet was not known for large agricultural production, despite being described as having fertile ground in 1920. Most agricultural production is kept within the vilayet, being consumed by the population.[5] What was produced, included wheat, barley, maize, chickpeas, gall, and valonia oak. A small amount of opium and cotton was also produced in the region. Silk production was active in the southern area on a small scale, as was livestock.[6] The area used to mine lead and nickel.[7][8]

Cloth was also being produced in the Kastamonu Vilayet, made from wool and goat hair, which was mainly sold to locals. Sinop produced cotton cloth as well, with detailed embroidery. In the western part of the vilayet, rugs were produced. Sinop and Ineboli both were centers for boatbuilding.[9]

Administrative divisions

Map of subdivisions of Kastamonu Vilayet in 1907

Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[10]

  1. Sanjak of Kastamonu (Kastamonu, İnebolu, Safranbolu, Taşköprü, Daday, Cide, Tosya, Araç)
  2. Sanjak of Kengiri (Çankırı, Çerkeş)
  3. Sanjak of Sinob (Sinop, Boyabat, Ayancık)

References

  1. ^ "1914 Census Statistics" (PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  2. ^ a b Asia by A. H. Keane, page 459
  3. ^ "Turkey | Location, Geography, People, Economy, Culture, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-10-24. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  4. ^ "Saudi Arabia (KSA) Population Statistics 2023 [Infographics]". Official GMI Blog. 2023-09-04. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  5. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  6. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  7. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 103.
  8. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 106.
  9. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 112.
  10. ^ Kastamonu Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
  11. ^ Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy) (1919). A handbook of Asia Minor. Vol. 1. London. p. 226.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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