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Coordinates: 2°35′N 76°2′W / 2.583°N 76.033°W / 2.583; -76.033
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{{expand Spanish|topic=struct}}
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = National Archaeological Park of Tierradentro
| Image = [[File:Tombs in Tierra Dentro.jpg|thumb|300px|Tombs in Tierra Dentro]]
| WHS = National Archeological Park of Tierra abajo
| image = Tombs in Tierra Dentro.jpg
| State Party = [[Colombia]]
| image_upright = 1.2
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = iii
| caption =
| ID = 743
| location = [[Inzá, Cauca|Inza]], [[Colombia]]
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(iii)}}(iii)
| Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas|Latin America and the Caribbean]]
| Year = 1995
| ID = 743
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| coordinates = {{coord|2|35|N|76|2|W|display=title, inline|format=dms}}
| Session = 19th
| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/743
| year = 1995
| locmapin = Colombia
| map_caption =
}}
}}
'''Tierradentro''' (meaning "Underground" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for their well-known tombs) is one of the ancient [[Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia]]. It started to flourish around 200 BC in the mountains of southwest Colombia, and continued into the 17th century. The Tierradentro culture is particularly well known for its dense collection of elaborate [[Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia|pre-Columbian]] [[hypogea]].
'''Tierradentro''' is a National archeological park in the jurisdiction of the municipality of [[Inza, Cauca|Inza]], [[Departments of Colombia|Department]] of [[Cauca Department|Cauca]], [[Colombia]]. The park is located 100 km away from the capital of the Department, [[Popayán]].
It is considered part of [[San Agustín culture]] rather than a separate culture.
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The typical Tierradentro hypogeum has an entry oriented towards the west, a spiral staircase and a main chamber, usually 5 to 8 meters below the surface, with several lesser chambers around, each one containing a corpse.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |title = National Archeological Park of Tierradentro |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/743 |website= UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 24 Apr 2021}}</ref> The walls are painted with geometric, [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] and [[Zoomorphism|zoomorphic]] patterns in red, black and white. Some statues and remains of pottery and fabrics can be seen scarcely due to [[grave robbery]] before the hypogea were constituted as protected areas. The details in the sculptures and [[pictorial]] patterns in the hypogea are similar to the neighboring [[San Agustín culture]], although they occur at much higher density.<ref name = "unesco" />


Hypogea have been found in several excavations across the region, including Alto del Aguacate (Avocado Hill), Alto de San Andrés, Alto de Segovia, Alto del Duende and El Tablón. The mountainous area where the Tierradentro culture thrived and the excavations of 162 hypogea now comprise a national archeological park in the jurisdiction of the municipality of [[Inza, Cauca|Inza]], [[Departments of Colombia|Department]] of [[Cauca Department|Cauca]], [[Colombia]].<ref name = "unesco" /> The park is located 100&nbsp;km away from the capital of the Department, [[Popayán]]. The Tierradentro culture that created this [[funeral]] complex inhabited this area during the first millennium AD, and the park features hypogea dating from 6th to 9th centuries AD.<ref name = "unesco" /> The Terradentro National Archeological Park was listed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1995 because of its "unique testimony to the artistic and social culture of the region".<ref name = "unesco" />
The area is very well known for its [[pre-Columbian]] [[hypogeum|hypogea]], which were found in several excavations, and are divided in many archeological places. some of them are: Alto del Aguacate (Avocado Hill), Alto de San Andrés, Alto de Segovia, Alto del Duende and El Tablón.


The park generates significant revenue to the local economy due to the high volume of tourists, both Colombian and foreigners. These sites form a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The site was listed on the [[World Monuments Fund]]'s [[2012 World Monuments Watch]] list of 100 Most Endangered Sites.<ref>[[World Monuments Fund]]: [http://www.wmf.org/watch/watch-sites-1996?country_name=Colombia&tid_1=All World Monuments Watch 1996-2012]. – Retrieved on 13 February 2013</ref>
⚫
The typical hypogeum has an entry oriented towards the west, a spiral staircase and a main chamber, usually 5 to 8 meters below the surface, with several lesser chambers around, each one containing a corpse. The walls are painted with geometric, [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] and [[Zoomorphism|zoomorphic]] patterns in red, black and white. Some statues and remains of pottery and fabrics can be seen scarcely due to [[grave robbery]] before the hypogea were constituted as protected areas.


==References==
The pre-Columbian culture that created this [[funeral]] complex inhabited this area during the first millennium A.C. Tierradentro Archaeological park features hypogea dating from 6th to 9th centuries AD. The details in the sculptures and [[pictorial|pictoric]] patterns are similar to the [[San Agustín, Huila|San Agustín]] culture.
{{Reflist}}


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==External links==
The park generates significant revenue to the local economy due to the high volume of tourists, both Colombian and foreigners. These sites form a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].
{{Commons category}}
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*[https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=743 Unesco's website on Tierradentro]
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091015080210/http://www.tierradentro.info/ A professional introduction to Tierradentro Park]


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==External links==
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*[http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=743 Unesco's website on Tierradentro]
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*[http://www.tierradentro.info/ A professional introduction to Tierradentro Park]
{{World Heritage Sites in Colombia}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Colombia}}
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{{Archaeological sites in Colombia}}
{{Treasures of Colombia}}
{{Pre-Columbian}}
{{Pre-Columbian}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{Archaeological sites in Colombia}}
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{{coord|2.583|N|76.033|W|display=title|source:ptwiki}}


[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Colombia]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Colombia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Colombia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Colombia]]
[[Category:Colombian culture]]
[[Category:Prehistory of Colombia]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cauca Department]]

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Cauca Department]]
[[de:Tierradentro]]
[[Category:Parks in Colombia]]
[[es:Parque Arqueológico Nacional de Tierradentro]]
[[fr:Parc archéologique national de Tierradentro]]
[[it:Tierradentro]]
[[he:הפארק הלאומי טייראדנטרו]]
[[ka:ტიერადენტრო]]
[[hu:Tierradentro Nemzeti Régészeti Park]]
[[nl:Tierradentro (cultuur)]]
[[ja:ティエラデントロ]]
[[pl:Kultura Tierradentro]]
[[pt:Parque Arqueológico Nacional de Tierradentro]]
[[ru:Тьеррадентро]]
[[fi:Tierradentro]]
[[sv:Nationella arkeologiska parken i Tierradentro]]
[[uk:Тьєррадентро]]

Latest revision as of 00:05, 27 May 2024

National Archeological Park of Tierra abajo
UNESCO World Heritage Site
LocationInza, Colombia
CriteriaCultural: (iii)
Reference743
Inscription1995 (19th Session)
Coordinates2°35′N 76°2′W / 2.583°N 76.033°W / 2.583; -76.033
Tierradentro is located in Colombia
Tierradentro
Location of Tierradentro in Colombia

Tierradentro (meaning "Underground" in Spanish for their well-known tombs) is one of the ancient Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia. It started to flourish around 200 BC in the mountains of southwest Colombia, and continued into the 17th century. The Tierradentro culture is particularly well known for its dense collection of elaborate pre-Columbian hypogea. It is considered part of San Agustín culture rather than a separate culture.

The typical Tierradentro hypogeum has an entry oriented towards the west, a spiral staircase and a main chamber, usually 5 to 8 meters below the surface, with several lesser chambers around, each one containing a corpse.[1] The walls are painted with geometric, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic patterns in red, black and white. Some statues and remains of pottery and fabrics can be seen scarcely due to grave robbery before the hypogea were constituted as protected areas. The details in the sculptures and pictorial patterns in the hypogea are similar to the neighboring San Agustín culture, although they occur at much higher density.[1]

Hypogea have been found in several excavations across the region, including Alto del Aguacate (Avocado Hill), Alto de San Andrés, Alto de Segovia, Alto del Duende and El Tablón. The mountainous area where the Tierradentro culture thrived and the excavations of 162 hypogea now comprise a national archeological park in the jurisdiction of the municipality of Inza, Department of Cauca, Colombia.[1] The park is located 100 km away from the capital of the Department, Popayán. The Tierradentro culture that created this funeral complex inhabited this area during the first millennium AD, and the park features hypogea dating from 6th to 9th centuries AD.[1] The Terradentro National Archeological Park was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 because of its "unique testimony to the artistic and social culture of the region".[1]

The park generates significant revenue to the local economy due to the high volume of tourists, both Colombian and foreigners. These sites form a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site was listed on the World Monuments Fund's 2012 World Monuments Watch list of 100 Most Endangered Sites.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "National Archeological Park of Tierradentro". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 24 Apr 2021.
  2. ^ World Monuments Fund: World Monuments Watch 1996-2012. – Retrieved on 13 February 2013
[edit]
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