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Coordinates: 41°22′35″N 33°46′35″E / 41.37639°N 33.77639°E / 41.37639; 33.77639
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox Turkey place
⚫
| type = municipality
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Kastamonu
| name = Kastamonu
| settlement_type = [[Municipality]]
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Kastamonu1.jpg
| image_skyline = Kastamonu1.jpg
| image_caption = [[Kastamonu Castle]]
| image_caption = [[Kastamonu Castle]]
| image_blank_emblem = Kastamonu Belediyesi logo.svg
| image_shield = Kastamonu Belediyesi logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Kastamonu Municipality
| image_flag = Flag of Kastamonu.gif
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|41|22|35|N|33|46|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag = Flag of Kastamonu.gif
| image_shield =
| province = Kastamonu
| pushpin_map = Turkey #Black Sea #Europe
| district = Kastamonu
⚫
| leader_party = [[Republican People's Party|CHP]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|41|22|35|N|33|46|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| leader_name = Hasan Baltacı
| subdivision_name = [[Turkey]]
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]
⚫
| elevation_m = 904
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kastamonu Province|Kastamonu]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| population_total = 125622
| population_as_of = 2021
⚫
| leader_party = [[Nationalist Movement Party|MHP]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| postal_code =
| leader_name = R. Galip Vidinlioğlu
| area_code = 0366
| area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| website = {{url|https://www.kastamonu.bel.tr/}}
⚫
| blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| area_blank1_title = District
| area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Kastamonu|Kastamonu}}
| blank1_info = [[humid continental climate|Dfb]]
⚫
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Kastamonu}}
| population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Kastamonu|Kastamonu|şehir}}
| population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| population_blank1_title = District
| population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Kastamonu|Kastamonu|toplam}}
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
⚫
| blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info = [[humid continental climate|Dfb]]
| postal_code_type =
⚫
| postal_code =
| website = {{URL| www.kastamonu.bel.tr | www.kastamonu.bel.tr }}
| official_name =
}}
}}
'''Kastamonu''', formerly '''Kastamone/Castamone''' ({{lang-el|Κασταμονή}}) and '''Kastamon/Castamon''' ({{lang-el|Κασταμών}}),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D8%3Aentry%3Dcastamon-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Castamon]</ref> is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat of [[Kastamonu Province]] and [[Kastamonu District]].<ref name=il>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İl Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Its population is 125,622 (2021).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx |access-date=1 March 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=tr |format=XLS}}</ref> The city lies at an elevation of {{cvt|904|m|ft|0}}. It is located in the southern part of the province.
'''Kastamonu''' is the capital district of the [[Kastamonu Province]], Turkey. According to the 2000 census, population of the district is 102,059 of which 64,606 live in the urban center of Kastamonu.<ref name="die">{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls |title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey |access-date=2008-11-17 |author=Turkish Statistical Institute |author-link=Turkish Statistical Institute |format=XLS |language=tr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020309/http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Karadeniz|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|access-date=2008-11-22|author=GeoHive}}</ref> (Population of the urban center in 2010 is 91,012.<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=37&p_yil=2010&p_dil=1&desformat=html Statistical Institute]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) The district covers an area of {{convert|1834|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey |access-date=2008-11-22 |author=Statoids}}</ref> and the town lies at an elevation of {{cvt|904|m|ft|0}}. It is located to the south of the province.


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Kastamonu Governor's Office.jpg|thumb|middle|200px|Governor's historical office]]
[[File:Kastamonu Governor's Office.jpg|thumb|middle|200px|Governor's historical office]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Şeyh_Şaban-ı_Veli_..._-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|middle|200px|Kastamonu old Ottoman houses.]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Şeyh_Şaban-ı_Veli_..._-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|middle|200px|Kastamonu old Ottoman houses]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Cumhuriyet_Meydanı_Anıt.JPG|thumb|middle|200px|Kastamonu Republic Monument.]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Cumhuriyet_Meydanı_Anıt.JPG|thumb|middle|200px|Kastamonu Republic Monument]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Üniversitesi_Rektörlüğü.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Kastamonu University.]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Üniversitesi_Rektörlüğü.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Kastamonu University]]
There are many ideas about the derivation of the name Kastamonu:
The city is believed to have been founded in the 18th century BC. The town was known as ''Timonion'' (Τιμόνιον in [[Greek language|Greek]]) during the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] period.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}


According to the first view, it should be considered that the name Kastamonu is Turkishized from the name [[Paphlagonia|Paphlagonía]] [Greek "land of Paphlagon (people)"]. The region covering the [[West Black Sea Region (statistical)|West Black Sea]] and Central Black Sea regions was called Paphlagonia before the [[Turkic peoples|Turks]]. Today, Kastamonu, [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], [[Bartın]], [[Çankırı]] and [[Karabük]] are located in this region, while parts of [[Çorum]], [[Bolu]], [[Zonguldak]] and [[Samsun]] provinces remain within the region. The Paphlagonians, who dominated this region in 1000 BC, gave their name to this geography.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nijman |first=Jan |title=Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts |date=2020 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1119607410 |edition=20.}}</ref>
The change of name of the town dates to the tenth century AD. [[Manuel Erotikos Komnenos]], a prominent general and the father of the [[Byzantine]] emperor [[Isaac I Komnenos]], was given lands around Kastamonu by Emperor [[Basil II]] and built a fortress there named ''Kastra Komnenon'' (Κάστρα Κομνηνῶν). Manuel came to the notice of Basil II because of his defence, in 978, of [[Nicaea]] against the rebel [[Bardas Skleros]].<ref>Runciman, pp. 54-55</ref> The name ''Kastra Komnenon'' was shortened to ''Kastamone'', and later Turkified to Kastamoni and Kastamonu.


According to a second opinion, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the name Kastama, which was used for the same region in the [[Hittites|Hittite]] period. The name Kastama turned into Kastamonu over time.<ref>Ahmet Ünal, Hititler Devrinde Anadolu Cilt 2, syf. 54</ref>
⚫
[[Ibn Battuta]] visited the city, noting it as "one of the largest and finest cities, where commodities are abundant and prices low." He stayed here forty days.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Battutah|first1=Ibn|title=The Travels of Ibn Battutah|date=2002|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=9780330418799|pages=117}}</ref>


According to another view, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the combination of the words Gas and Tumanna. Gas, or better known as Kashkas, are among the first settlers of Kastamonu. Tumanna is the name of a city/region located on Kastamonu at that time. The combination of these two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.<ref>Talat Mümtaz Yaman, Kastamonu Tarihi, syf. 175</ref>
⚫
The famous Sufi saint of the city is Şeyh [[Shaban Veli]] (''Şaban-ı Veli'' in Turkish, d. 976 AH/1569 AD).<ref>{{Cite web|title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli|access-date=2020-09-11|website=islamansiklopedisi.org.tr|language=tr}}</ref><ref>[https://www.laluask.com/2020/03/14/saban-i-veli/ Laluask: Şaban-ı Veli]</ref>


According to a third opinion, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the combination of the words Kastra and Komnen. The word Kastra means "castle" in Latin. The Komnens are a [[List of Roman dynasties|Byzantine Dynasty]] and the settlers of this region during the Byzantine period. These two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived Copy |url=http://www.kastamonukultur.gov.tr/TR-63806/tarihce.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193226/http://www.kastamonukultur.gov.tr/TR-63806/tarihce.html |archive-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
⚫
The Dress Code Revolution of [[Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] started on August 23, 1925, at Kastamonu. Atatürk made his historical speech concerning the "Hat and Dress Revolution" during his visit to Kastamonu in 1925 in the [[Republican People's Party]] building.<ref>{{Cite book|last=İğdemir|first=Uluğ|others=Mango, Andrew (trans.)|title=Atatürk|publisher=Turkish National Commission for UNESCO|location=Ankara|year=1963|oclc=75604149|pages=165–170}}</ref> The building is now used as the Archeological Museum of Kastamonu. The possessions used by Atatürk in his Kastamonu visit are also exhibited in the museum.

⚫
[[Ibn Battuta]] visited the city, noting it as "one of the largest and finest cities, where commodities are abundant and prices low." He stayed here forty days.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Battutah|first1=Ibn|title=The Travels of Ibn Battutah|date=2002|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=9780330418799|pages=117}}</ref>

⚫
The famous [[Sufi]] saint of the city is [[Sheikh (Sufism)|Sheikh]] [[Shaban Veli]] (''Şaban-ı Veli'' in Turkish, d. 976 AH/1569 AD).<ref>{{Cite web|title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli|access-date=2020-09-11|website=islamansiklopedisi.org.tr|language=tr}}</ref><ref>[https://www.laluask.com/2020/03/14/saban-i-veli/ Laluask: Şaban-ı Veli]</ref>

⚫
The Dress Code Revolution under President [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Pasha]] (later known as Atatürk) was started on August 23, 1925, at Kastamonu. He made his historical speech concerning the "Hat and Dress Revolution" during his visit to Kastamonu in 1925 in the [[Republican People's Party]] building.<ref>{{Cite book|last=İğdemir|first=Uluğ|others=Mango, Andrew (trans.)|title=Atatürk|publisher=Turkish National Commission for UNESCO|location=Ankara|year=1963|oclc=75604149|pages=165–170}}</ref> The building is now used as the Archeological Museum of Kastamonu. The possessions used by Atatürk in his Kastamonu visit are also exhibited in the museum.


==Cuisine==
==Cuisine==
Typical country fare in Kastamonu includes a quick [[rose jam]] made with sugared water, citric acid and ''gül mayası'' - the latter is a preparation of culinary-grade rose petals with sugar and citric acid that preserves them and brings out their flavor and fragrance. Homemade hot sauce is made by simmering grated tomato, garlic, Turkish red pepper, hot peppers, sunflower oil, salt and pepper on the stove. Sweet ''[[Qatlama|katmer]]'' is made by preparing a simple [[unleavened]] dough of flour, salt and water that is smeared with a [[tahini]] and sunflower oil mixture as it is folded.<ref name=kastamonu>{{Cite AV media| work = Show TV| title = Lezzet Haritası - Kastamonu /29 Kasım| access-date = 2018-07-30| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMQH4vZ-Q5Q}}</ref>
Typical country fare in Kastamonu includes a quick [[rose petal jam]] made with sugared water, citric acid and ''gül mayası'' – the latter is a preparation of culinary-grade rose petals with sugar and citric acid that preserves them and brings out their flavor and fragrance. Homemade hot sauce is made by simmering grated tomato, garlic, Turkish red pepper, hot peppers, sunflower oil, salt and pepper on the stove. Sweet ''[[Qatlama|katmer]]'' is made by preparing a simple [[Unleavened bread|unleavened]] dough of flour, salt and water that is smeared with a [[tahini]] and sunflower oil mixture as it is folded.<ref name=kastamonu>{{Cite AV media| work = Show TV| title = Lezzet Haritası - Kastamonu /29 Kasım| access-date = 2018-07-30| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMQH4vZ-Q5Q}}</ref>


Breakfast might include farm made cheese, [[olives]], [[pekmez]], fried potatoes, rose jam homemade hot sauce, eggs served hot in the pan (called ''sahanda yumurta''), folded unleavened bread called ''katmer'', fresh farm milk and [[black tea]].<ref name=kastamonu />
Breakfast might include farm made cheese, [[olives]], [[pekmez]], fried potatoes, rose jam homemade hot sauce, eggs served hot in the pan (called ''sahanda yumurta''), folded unleavened bread called ''katmer'', fresh farm milk and [[black tea]].<ref name=kastamonu />


A speciality of [[Taşköprü, Kastamonu]] is freshly slaughtered whole lamb slow-cooked over the glowing embers of wood in a sealed, airtight "well" — this regional specialty is called ''kuyu kebabı'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. A little water added to a tray ensures that steam keeps the meat moist throughout the cooking process.<ref name=kastamonu />
A speciality of [[Taşköprü, Kastamonu]] is freshly slaughtered whole lamb slow-cooked over the glowing embers of wood in a sealed, airtight "well" — this regional specialty is called ''kuyu kebabı'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. A little water added to a tray ensures that steam keeps the meat moist throughout the cooking process.<ref name=kastamonu />

Produces around 200 tons of pastırma each year, çemen is made using garlic that is locally produced by the farming villages of Taşköprü.<ref>Tarım TV. Sarımsağı kadar pastırması da ünlü. Archived from the original on 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2018-07-31.</ref>


==Economic history==
==Economic history==
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Kastamonu is home to [[Kastamonu University]], which was established in 2006 by incorporating existing colleges, schools, and institutes that were previously under [[Ankara University]] and [[Gazi University]]. Notable high schools in Kastamonu are: ''Abdurrahman Paşa Lisesi'', also known as Kastamonu Lisesi, the first modern high school that was established in [[Anatolia]] in late [[Ottoman Empire]]. Kastamonu Mustafa Kaya Lisesi, an Anatolian high school, one of the most successful high schools in Turkey outside [[Istanbul]], [[Ankara]] and [[İzmir]].
Kastamonu is home to [[Kastamonu University]], which was established in 2006 by incorporating existing colleges, schools, and institutes that were previously under [[Ankara University]] and [[Gazi University]]. Notable high schools in Kastamonu are: ''Abdurrahman Paşa Lisesi'', also known as Kastamonu Lisesi, the first modern high school that was established in [[Anatolia]] in late [[Ottoman Empire]]. Kastamonu Mustafa Kaya Lisesi, an Anatolian high school, one of the most successful high schools in Turkey outside [[Istanbul]], [[Ankara]] and [[İzmir]].


==Climate==
==Geography==
The town consists of 20 quarters: [[Kuzeykent]], Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Yavuz Selim, [[Budamış, Kastamonu|Budamış]], Akmescit, Aktekke, Atabeygazi, Beyçelebi, Cebrail, Hepkebirler, Hisarardı, Honsalar, Inönü, Isfendiyar, Ismailbey, Kırkçeşme, Saraçlar, Topçuoğlu, Esentepe and Candaroğulları.<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref>

===Climate===
Kastamonu has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb, [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: Dc'') with cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with a noticeable increase during spring.
Kastamonu has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb, [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: Dc'') with cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with a noticeable increase during spring.


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|metric first= Yes
|metric first= Yes
|single line= Yes
|single line= Yes
|collapsed=y
|location= Kastamonu (1991–2020, extremes 1930–2020)
|location= Kastamonu (1991–2020, extremes 1930–2020)
|Jan record high C = 17.3
|Jan record high C = 17.3
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}}
}}


==Transport==
===Transport===
[[File:Kastamonu_Uzunyaz%C4%B1_Airport_Terminal_Building.jpg|thumb|middle|200px|Kastamonu Airport]]
[[File:Kastamonu_Uzunyaz%C4%B1_Airport_Terminal_Building.jpg|thumb|middle|200px|Kastamonu Airport]]
The main bus station has bus links to most major Turkish cities. [[Kastamonu Airport]] is active. Kastamonu is also the main railroad endpoint for the [[West Black Sea Region (statistical)|West Black Sea region]].
The main bus station has bus links to most major Turkish cities. [[Kastamonu Airport]] is active. Kastamonu is also the main railroad endpoint for the [[West Black Sea Region (statistical)|West Black Sea region]].


==Notable natives==
==Notable natives==
* [[Latifî]] (1491-1582), Ottoman poet
* [[Latifî]] (1491–1582), Ottoman poet
* [[Iovan Tsaous]] (Yiannis Eitziridis) (1893–1942), Greek musician and composer
* [[Iovan Tsaous]] (Yiannis Eitziridis) (1893–1942), Greek musician and composer
* [[Oğuz Atay]] (1934–1977), novelist
* [[Oğuz Atay]] (1934–1977), novelist
* [[Rıfat Ilgaz]] (1911–1993), novelist
* [[Rıfat Ilgaz]] (1911–1993), novelist
* [[Halit Akmansü]] (1883–1923), military officer in the Ottoman and Turkish armies
* [[Halit Akmansü]] (1883–1953), military officer in the Ottoman and Turkish armies


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 216: Line 215:
File:Kastamonu Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü.JPG|Kastamonu University
File:Kastamonu Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü.JPG|Kastamonu University
File:Kastamonu da yeşillikler içinde konak - panoramio.jpg|Historic Turkish houses
File:Kastamonu da yeşillikler içinde konak - panoramio.jpg|Historic Turkish houses
File:KastamonuPir.jpg|Tomb
File:KastamonuPir.jpg|A [[türbe]] (tomb)
File:Nasrullah Mosque, Kastamonu.jpg|[[Nasrullah Mosque]]
File:Nasrullah Mosque, Kastamonu.jpg|[[Nasrullah Mosque]]
File:Across_the_mountains.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Across_the_mountains.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Ilıca_Şelalesi.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Küre_Dağları_Milli_Parkı_Menük_köyü_Cide_Kastamonu.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Küre_Dağları_Milli_Parkı_Çukurçal_Köyü_Cide_Kastamonu.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Küre_mountains.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:On_the_road_to_mountains.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Pinarbasi1.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Pinarbasi10.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Pinarbasi2.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
File:Pinarbasi3.jpg|[[Küre Mountains National Park]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of clock towers]] - Kastamonu has its own Ottoman clock tower (1885)
*[[List of clock towers]] – Kastamonu has its own Ottoman clock tower (1885)
*[[Paphlagonia]]
*[[Paphlagonia]]


Line 238: Line 228:


==References==
==References==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/37/Kastamonu.html|title=Geographical information on Kastamonu, Turkey|access-date=2008-11-14|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc}}
*[[Steven Runciman|Runciman, Steven]] (1951) ''A History of the Crusades, Vol. I: The First Crusade,'' Cambridge University Press.
*[[Steven Runciman|Runciman, Steven]] (1951) ''A History of the Crusades, Vol. I: The First Crusade,'' Cambridge University Press.


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Boğaç A. Ergene: ''Local Court, Provincial Society and Justice in the Ottoman Empire, Legal Practice and Dispute Resolution in Çankırı and Kastamonu (1652-1744)''. Studies in Islamic Law and Society, volume 17, [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], Leiden, 2003. {{ISBN|90-04-12609-0}}.
* Boğaç A. Ergene: ''Local Court, Provincial Society and Justice in the Ottoman Empire, Legal Practice and Dispute Resolution in Çankırı and Kastamonu (1652–1744)''. Studies in Islamic Law and Society, volume 17, [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], Leiden, 2003. {{ISBN|90-04-12609-0}}.


==External links==
==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Kastamonu}}
{{Wikivoyage|Kastamonu}}
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.kastamonu.gov.tr/ Kastamonu governor's official website] {{in lang|tr}}
* [http://www.catalzeytinmektubu.com/ Kastamonu, Çatalzeytin local newspaper] {{in lang|tr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513140009/http://karalahana.com/karalahana/karadeniz/sehir_rehberi/kastamonu_travel_guide.html Kastamonu culture & travel guide]
* [http://www.muhacirler37.tr.gg Kastamonu, Araç Muhacirler köyü]


{{Kastamonu District}}
{{Kastamonu District}}
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Kastamonu}}
{{Portal bar|Turkey|Geography}}
{{Portal bar|Turkey|Geography}}
{{Turkic Capital of Culture}}
{{Turkic Capital of Culture}}
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[[Category:Kastamonu| ]]
[[Category:Kastamonu| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Kastamonu Province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Kastamonu Province]]
[[Category:Districts of Kastamonu Province]]
[[Category:Kastamonu District]]
[[Category:Provincial municipalities in Turkey]]

Revision as of 10:59, 10 September 2024

Kastamonu
Municipality
Kastamonu Castle
Kastamonu Castle
Flag of Kastamonu
Flag
Coat of arms of Kastamonu
Coat of arms
Kastamonu is located in Turkey
Kastamonu
Kastamonu
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 41°22′35″N 33°46′35″E / 41.37639°N 33.77639°E / 41.37639; 33.77639
CountryTurkey
ProvinceKastamonu
DistrictKastamonu
Government
 • MayorHasan Baltacı (CHP)
Elevation
904 m (2,966 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
125,622
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Area code0366
ClimateDfb
Websitewww.kastamonu.bel.tr

Kastamonu, formerly Kastamone/Castamone (Greek: Κασταμονή) and Kastamon/Castamon (Greek: Κασταμών),[2] is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat of Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu District.[3] Its population is 125,622 (2021).[1] The city lies at an elevation of 904 m (2,966 ft). It is located in the southern part of the province.

History

Governor's historical office
Kastamonu old Ottoman houses
Kastamonu Republic Monument
Kastamonu University

There are many ideas about the derivation of the name Kastamonu:

According to the first view, it should be considered that the name Kastamonu is Turkishized from the name Paphlagonía [Greek "land of Paphlagon (people)"]. The region covering the West Black Sea and Central Black Sea regions was called Paphlagonia before the Turks. Today, Kastamonu, Sinop, Bartın, Çankırı and Karabük are located in this region, while parts of Çorum, Bolu, Zonguldak and Samsun provinces remain within the region. The Paphlagonians, who dominated this region in 1000 BC, gave their name to this geography.[4]

According to a second opinion, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the name Kastama, which was used for the same region in the Hittite period. The name Kastama turned into Kastamonu over time.[5]

According to another view, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the combination of the words Gas and Tumanna. Gas, or better known as Kashkas, are among the first settlers of Kastamonu. Tumanna is the name of a city/region located on Kastamonu at that time. The combination of these two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.[6]

According to a third opinion, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the combination of the words Kastra and Komnen. The word Kastra means "castle" in Latin. The Komnens are a Byzantine Dynasty and the settlers of this region during the Byzantine period. These two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.[7]

Ibn Battuta visited the city, noting it as "one of the largest and finest cities, where commodities are abundant and prices low." He stayed here forty days.[8]

The famous Sufi saint of the city is Sheikh Shaban Veli (Şaban-ı Veli in Turkish, d. 976 AH/1569 AD).[9][10]

The Dress Code Revolution under President Mustafa Kemal Pasha (later known as Atatürk) was started on August 23, 1925, at Kastamonu. He made his historical speech concerning the "Hat and Dress Revolution" during his visit to Kastamonu in 1925 in the Republican People's Party building.[11] The building is now used as the Archeological Museum of Kastamonu. The possessions used by Atatürk in his Kastamonu visit are also exhibited in the museum.

Cuisine

Typical country fare in Kastamonu includes a quick rose petal jam made with sugared water, citric acid and gül mayası – the latter is a preparation of culinary-grade rose petals with sugar and citric acid that preserves them and brings out their flavor and fragrance. Homemade hot sauce is made by simmering grated tomato, garlic, Turkish red pepper, hot peppers, sunflower oil, salt and pepper on the stove. Sweet katmer is made by preparing a simple unleavened dough of flour, salt and water that is smeared with a tahini and sunflower oil mixture as it is folded.[12]

Breakfast might include farm made cheese, olives, pekmez, fried potatoes, rose jam homemade hot sauce, eggs served hot in the pan (called sahanda yumurta), folded unleavened bread called katmer, fresh farm milk and black tea.[12]

A speciality of Taşköprü, Kastamonu is freshly slaughtered whole lamb slow-cooked over the glowing embers of wood in a sealed, airtight "well" — this regional specialty is called kuyu kebabı in Turkish. A little water added to a tray ensures that steam keeps the meat moist throughout the cooking process.[12]

Produces around 200 tons of pastırma each year, çemen is made using garlic that is locally produced by the farming villages of Taşköprü.[13]

Economic history

In the early 20th century, nickel was mined in the area around Kastamonu.[14]

Education

Kastamonu is home to Kastamonu University, which was established in 2006 by incorporating existing colleges, schools, and institutes that were previously under Ankara University and Gazi University. Notable high schools in Kastamonu are: Abdurrahman Paşa Lisesi, also known as Kastamonu Lisesi, the first modern high school that was established in Anatolia in late Ottoman Empire. Kastamonu Mustafa Kaya Lisesi, an Anatolian high school, one of the most successful high schools in Turkey outside Istanbul, Ankara and İzmir.

Geography

The town consists of 20 quarters: Kuzeykent, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Yavuz Selim, Budamış, Akmescit, Aktekke, Atabeygazi, Beyçelebi, Cebrail, Hepkebirler, Hisarardı, Honsalar, Inönü, Isfendiyar, Ismailbey, Kırkçeşme, Saraçlar, Topçuoğlu, Esentepe and Candaroğulları.[15]

Climate

Kastamonu has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb, Trewartha: Dc) with cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with a noticeable increase during spring.

Climate data for Kastamonu (1991–2020, extremes 1930–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		27.8
(82.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		35.1
(95.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		42.2
(108.0) 		40.2
(104.4) 		39.3
(102.7) 		32.5
(90.5) 		24.7
(76.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		42.2
(108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		6.9
(44.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		25.3
(77.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		29.1
(84.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		18.7
(65.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		4.8
(40.6) 		16.9
(62.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9) 		1.1
(34.0) 		4.8
(40.6) 		9.5
(49.1) 		14.2
(57.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.5
(68.9) 		20.5
(68.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		4.9
(40.8) 		0.7
(33.3) 		10.1
(50.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.8
(25.2) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		3.4
(38.1) 		7.7
(45.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		9.5
(49.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		4.5
(40.1)
Record low °C (°F) −26.9
(−16.4) 		−22.3
(−8.1) 		−19.7
(−3.5) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		0.2
(32.4) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−19.3
(−2.7) 		−23.7
(−10.7) 		−26.9
(−16.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.4
(1.16) 		28.1
(1.11) 		38.5
(1.52) 		50.5
(1.99) 		77.9
(3.07) 		89.6
(3.53) 		36.0
(1.42) 		38.2
(1.50) 		38.7
(1.52) 		34.8
(1.37) 		27.5
(1.08) 		36.1
(1.42) 		525.3
(20.68)
Average precipitation days 11.20 10.30 11.87 13.13 15.23 12.70 6.90 6.53 7.37 9.87 8.97 11.37 125.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62.0 96.1 127.1 162.0 198.4 222.0 272.8 266.6 192.0 148.8 105.0 55.8 1,908.6
Mean daily sunshine hours 2.0 3.4 4.1 5.4 6.4 7.4 8.8 8.6 6.4 4.8 3.5 1.8 5.2
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[16]

Transport

Kastamonu Airport

The main bus station has bus links to most major Turkish cities. Kastamonu Airport is active. Kastamonu is also the main railroad endpoint for the West Black Sea region.

Notable natives

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  2. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Castamon
  3. ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  4. ^ Nijman, Jan (2020). Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts (20. ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-1119607410.
  5. ^ Ahmet Ünal, Hititler Devrinde Anadolu Cilt 2, syf. 54
  6. ^ Talat Mümtaz Yaman, Kastamonu Tarihi, syf. 175
  7. ^ "Archived Copy". Archived from the original on 30 September 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ Battutah, Ibn (2002). The Travels of Ibn Battutah. London: Picador. p. 117. ISBN 9780330418799.
  9. ^ "ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-09-11.
  10. ^ Laluask: Şaban-ı Veli
  11. ^ İğdemir, Uluğ (1963). Atatürk. Mango, Andrew (trans.). Ankara: Turkish National Commission for UNESCO. pp. 165–170. OCLC 75604149.
  12. ^ a b c Lezzet Haritası - Kastamonu /29 Kasım. Show TV. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  13. ^ Tarım TV. Sarımsağı kadar pastırması da ünlü. Archived from the original on 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
  14. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 106.
  15. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  16. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 24 April 2021.

References

  • Runciman, Steven (1951) A History of the Crusades, Vol. I: The First Crusade, Cambridge University Press.

Further reading

  • Boğaç A. Ergene: Local Court, Provincial Society and Justice in the Ottoman Empire, Legal Practice and Dispute Resolution in Çankırı and Kastamonu (1652–1744). Studies in Islamic Law and Society, volume 17, Brill, Leiden, 2003. ISBN 90-04-12609-0.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kastamonu.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kastamonu.
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