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{{Short description|Jamaican Patois dialect of Panama}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Bocas del Toro Creole
|name=Bocas del Toro Patois
|altname=Panamanian Creole English
|altname=Panamanian Patois English
|states=Panama
|states=Panama
|speakers={{sigfig|268,000|2}}
|speakers={{sigfig|268,000|2}}
|date=2000
|date=2000
|ref=<ref name=e18>{{e18|jam|Jamaican Creole English (Panama)}}</ref>
|ref=<ref name=e18>{{e18|jam|Jamaican Patois English (Panama)}}</ref>
|familycolor=Creole
|familycolor=Creole
|fam1=[[English-based creole languages|English creole]]
|fam1=[[English-based creole languages|English creole]]
|fam2=Atlantic
|fam2=Atlantic
|fam3=Western
|fam3=Western
|fam4=[[Jamaican Creole]]
|fam4=[[Jamaican Patois]]
|linglist=jam-pan
|linglist=jam-pan
|isoexception=dialect
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
|glotto=none
|ietf=jam-PA
}}
}}


'''Bocas del Toro Creole''', or '''Panamanian Creole English''', is a dialect of [[Jamaican Creole]] spoken in [[Bocas del Toro Province]], [[Panama]]. Bocas del Toro Creole is a dialect of Jamaican Creole similar to Central American varieties such as [[Limón Coastal Creole]].<ref name=e18/> It does not have the status of an official language.
'''Bocas del Toro Patois''', or '''Panamanian Patois English''', is a dialect of [[Jamaican Patois]], an [[English-based creole]], spoken in [[Bocas del Toro Province]], [[Panama]]. It is similar to Central American varieties such as [[Limonese Creole]].<ref name=e18/> It does not have the status of an official language. It was pejoratively known as "guari-guari."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herzfeld |first=Anita |title=Limon Creole and Panamanian Creole: Comparison and Contrast |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/22851/malc_1980_218-242_Herzfeld.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=kuscholarworks.ku.edu}}</ref>

The native speakers of this dialect call it Guari-guari.<ref name=FP>{{cite book|last=Schreck|first=Kristina|title=Frommer's Panama|date=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=306|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLXgUJXWbGMC&pg=PA306&dq=bocas+del+toro+creole&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D649U7uSHfPNsQTf2YCwAQ&ved=0CE8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=bocas%20del%20toro%20creole&f=false}}</ref> It also goes by the names of [[Colón, Panama|Colón]] Creole and [[Rio Abajo]] Creole. It is a hybrid tongue of [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] with elements of the local [[Guaymí language|Guaymí]] language of the [[Ngöbe Buglé people]].<ref name=FP/>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
*[[Jamaican Patois]]
*[[Bajan Creole]]
*[[Bajan Creole]]
*[[Bermudian English]]
*[[English-based creoles]]
⚫
*[[Jamaican English]]


==References==
==References==
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{{Languages of Panama}}
{{Languages of Panama}}
{{English-based Caribbean creoles}}
{{English-based creoles}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bocas Del Toro Creole}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bocas Del Toro Creole}}
[[Category:Afro-Jamaican culture]]
[[Category:African diaspora in Panama]]
[[Category:English language in North America]]
[[Category:Creoles of the Americas]]
[[Category:English-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:English-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Languages of Panama]]
[[Category:Languages of Panama]]
[[Category:Bocas del Toro Province]]
[[Category:Bocas del Toro Province]]
[[Category:Languages of the African diaspora]]




{{Pidgincreole-lang-stub}}
{{Pidgincreole-lang-stub}}
{{Panama-stub}}
{{Africandiaspora-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:19, 10 October 2024

Bocas del Toro Patois
Panamanian Patois English
Native toPanama
Native speakers
270,000 (2000)[1]
English creole
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
jam-pan
GlottologNone
IETFjam-PA

Bocas del Toro Patois, or Panamanian Patois English, is a dialect of Jamaican Patois, an English-based creole, spoken in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. It is similar to Central American varieties such as Limonese Creole.[1] It does not have the status of an official language. It was pejoratively known as "guari-guari."[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Jamaican Patois English (Panama) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Herzfeld, Anita. "Limon Creole and Panamanian Creole: Comparison and Contrast" (PDF). kuscholarworks.ku.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-03.


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