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'''''Lao Khao''''' ({{lang-th|เหล้าขาว}}, {{IPA-th|lâo kʰǎːo|pron}}; {{lit|white spirits}}) or officialy '''''Sura Khao''''' ({{lang-th|สุราขาว}}, {{IPA-th|sù raa kʰǎːo|pron}}; {{lit|white spirits}}) is a Thai [[distilled spirits]]
'''''Lao Khao''''' ({{lang-th|เหล้าขาว}}, {{IPA-th|lâo kʰǎːo|pron}}; {{lit|white spirits}}) or officialy '''''Sura Khao''''' ({{lang-th|สุราขาว}}, {{IPA-th|sù raa kʰǎːo|pron}}; {{lit|white spirits}}) is a Thai [[distilled spirits]]
==History==
==History==
According to Chinese source “[[Yingya Shenglan]]” (1405–1433) [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Hisen Lo]] has two kinds of spirits, both are distilled spirits.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores (1433)|date=1970|publisher=Hakluyt Society at the University Press|isbn=0521010322}}</ref>{{rp|107}} The French diplomat [[Simon de la Loubère]], who visited Siam during the mid-Ayutthaya period, wrote about siamese spirits:<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A48403.0001.001/1:4.9?rgn=div2;view=fulltext|title=A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam|chapter=CHAP. IX. Of the Gardens of the Siameses, and occasionally of their Liquors|last1=de La Loubère|first1=Simon|translator=A.P.|date=1693|access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref> {{quote|1=But as in hot Countries the continual dissipation of the Spirits, makes them desire what encreases them, they passionately esteem [[Aqua Vitae]], and the strongest more than the others. The Siameses do make it of Rice, and do frequently rack it with Lime. Of Rice they do at first make Beer, which they drink not; but they convert it into Aqua Vitae which they call ''Laou'', and the Portuguese [[Arak (drink)|Arak]], an Arabian word, which properly signifies sweat, and metaphorically essence, and by way of excellence Aqua Vitae. Of the Rice Beer they likewise make Vinegar.}} In 1790 during the reign of [[King Rama I]], [[Bang Yi Khan|Bangyikhan Liquor Distillery]] was known to have been established, at this time spirits that made from government distillery was called ''Lao Rong''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.th/books?id=pbMzAAAAMAAJ&q=lao+rong&dq=lao+rong&hl=th&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZwbung8jvAhVbwzgGHRVCA4I4ChDoATAHegQICRAC|date=1926|publisher=Bangkok Times Press|author=Ministry of Commerce and Communications|title=Siam Rice-industry|access-date=March 24, 2021}}</ref> ({{lang-th|เหล้าโรง}}).<ref>{{cite book|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.co.th/books?id=ANm5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1270#v=onepage&q&f=false|editor=Scott C. Martin|date=2014|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483374383}}</ref>{{rp|1270}} The private distilleries that exist everywhere have been declared illegal.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1834 English source mention about exports of Siam, included white spirits distilled from glutinous rice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/englishgoverness00leonuoft/page/294/mode/1up?view=theater|title=The English governess at the Siamese court : being recollections of six years in the Royal Palace at Bangkok, 1834-1914|author=Leonowens, Anna Harriette|date=1873|publisher= Boston : J.R. Osgood|access-date=March 21, 2021}}</ref> The name ''Lao Khao'' come into exist when the ''Lao Si'' ({{lang-th|เหล้าสี}}, {{lit|coloured spirits}}), the [[Mekhong (spirit)|Mekhong]] was made after [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite|url=http://km-ir.arts.tu.ac.th/files/original/cb72c6bf6ab23f007c9cfe7ed6c4846ee8f5355c.pdf|title=บทที่ 4 วัฒนธรรมการบริโภคเหล้าขาวของคนไทยภายใต้แนวคิดชาตินิยม|access-date=March 25, 2021|lang=th}}</ref> Nowadays, most ''Lao Khao'' distilled from [[molasses]] instead of [[rice]] due to reduce production costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.ku.ac.th/KUCONF/KC2505026.pdf|title=การหมักเหล้าขาวญี่ปุ่นโดยใช้ข้าวดิบ|author=Charan Chettanachi|access-date=March 13, 2021|lang=th}}</ref>
According to Chinese source “[[Yingya Shenglan]]” (1405–1433) [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Hisen Lo]] has two kinds of spirits, both are distilled spirits.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores (1433)|date=1970|publisher=Hakluyt Society at the University Press|isbn=0521010322}}</ref>{{rp|107}} The French diplomat [[Simon de la Loubère]], who visited Siam during the mid-Ayutthaya period, wrote about siamese spirits:<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A48403.0001.001/1:4.9?rgn=div2;view=fulltext|title=A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam|chapter=CHAP. IX. Of the Gardens of the Siameses, and occasionally of their Liquors|last1=de La Loubère|first1=Simon|translator=A.P.|date=1693|access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref> {{quote|1=But as in hot Countries the continual dissipation of the Spirits, makes them desire what encreases them, they passionately esteem [[Aqua Vitae]], and the strongest more than the others. The Siameses do make it of Rice, and do frequently rack it with Lime. Of Rice they do at first make Beer, which they drink not; but they convert it into Aqua Vitae which they call ''Laou'', and the Portuguese [[Arak (drink)|Arak]], an Arabian word, which properly signifies sweat, and metaphorically essence, and by way of excellence Aqua Vitae. Of the Rice Beer they likewise make Vinegar.}} In 1790 during the reign of [[King Rama I]], [[Bang Yi Khan|Bangyikhan Liquor Distillery]] was known to have been established, at this time spirits that made from government distillery was called ''Lao Rong''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.th/books?id=pbMzAAAAMAAJ&q=lao+rong&dq=lao+rong&hl=th&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZwbung8jvAhVbwzgGHRVCA4I4ChDoATAHegQICRAC|date=1926|publisher=Bangkok Times Press|author=Ministry of Commerce and Communications|title=Siam Rice-industry|access-date=March 24, 2021}}</ref> ({{lang-th|เหล้าโรง}}).<ref>{{cite book|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.co.th/books?id=ANm5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1270#v=onepage&q&f=false|editor=Scott C. Martin|date=2014|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483374383}}</ref>{{rp|1270}} The private distilleries that exist everywhere have been declared illegal.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1834 English source mention about exports of Siam, included white spirits distilled from glutinous rice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/englishgoverness00leonuoft/page/294/mode/1up?view=theater|title=The English governess at the Siamese court : being recollections of six years in the Royal Palace at Bangkok, 1834-1914|author=Leonowens, Anna Harriette|date=1873|publisher= Boston : J.R. Osgood|access-date=March 21, 2021}}</ref> The name ''Lao Khao'' come into existence when ''Lao Si'' ({{lang-th|เหล้าสี}}, {{lit|coloured spirits}}), the [[Mekhong (spirit)|Mekhong]] was made after [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite|url=http://km-ir.arts.tu.ac.th/files/original/cb72c6bf6ab23f007c9cfe7ed6c4846ee8f5355c.pdf|title=บทที่ 4 วัฒนธรรมการบริโภคเหล้าขาวของคนไทยภายใต้แนวคิดชาตินิยม|access-date=March 25, 2021|lang=th}}</ref> Nowadays, most ''Lao Khao'' distilled from [[molasses]] instead of [[rice]] due to reduce production costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.ku.ac.th/KUCONF/KC2505026.pdf|title=การหมักเหล้าขาวญี่ปุ่นโดยใช้ข้าวดิบ|author=Charan Chettanachi|access-date=March 13, 2021|lang=th}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 23:19, 24 March 2021

Sura Khao
Country of origin Thailand
Alcohol by volume 28%–40%
ColourClear
IngredientsMolasses, rice, jasmine rice, glutinous rice, maize, sugar cane honey, adlay, sorghum bicolor, etc.

Lao Khao (Template:Lang-th, pronounced [lâo kʰǎːo]; lit. 'white spirits') or officialy Sura Khao (Template:Lang-th, pronounced [sù raa kʰǎːo]; lit. 'white spirits') is a Thai distilled spirits

History

According to Chinese source “Yingya Shenglan” (1405–1433) Hisen Lo has two kinds of spirits, both are distilled spirits.[1]: 107  The French diplomat Simon de la Loubère, who visited Siam during the mid-Ayutthaya period, wrote about siamese spirits:[2]

But as in hot Countries the continual dissipation of the Spirits, makes them desire what encreases them, they passionately esteem Aqua Vitae, and the strongest more than the others. The Siameses do make it of Rice, and do frequently rack it with Lime. Of Rice they do at first make Beer, which they drink not; but they convert it into Aqua Vitae which they call Laou, and the Portuguese Arak, an Arabian word, which properly signifies sweat, and metaphorically essence, and by way of excellence Aqua Vitae. Of the Rice Beer they likewise make Vinegar.

In 1790 during the reign of King Rama I, Bangyikhan Liquor Distillery was known to have been established, at this time spirits that made from government distillery was called Lao Rong[3] (Template:Lang-th).[4]: 1270  The private distilleries that exist everywhere have been declared illegal.[citation needed] In 1834 English source mention about exports of Siam, included white spirits distilled from glutinous rice.[5] The name Lao Khao come into existence when Lao Si (Template:Lang-th, lit. 'coloured spirits'), the Mekhong was made after World War II.[6] Nowadays, most Lao Khao distilled from molasses instead of rice due to reduce production costs.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores (1433). Hakluyt Society at the University Press. 1970. ISBN 0521010322.
  2. ^ de La Loubère, Simon (1693). "CHAP. IX. Of the Gardens of the Siameses, and occasionally of their Liquors". A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam. Translated by A.P. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  3. ^ Ministry of Commerce and Communications (1926). "Siam Rice-industry". Bangkok Times Press. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  4. ^ Scott C. Martin, ed. (2014). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483374383.
  5. ^ Leonowens, Anna Harriette (1873). "The English governess at the Siamese court : being recollections of six years in the Royal Palace at Bangkok, 1834-1914". Boston : J.R. Osgood. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
  6. ^ บทที่ 4 วัฒนธรรมการบริโภคเหล้าขาวของคนไทยภายใต้แนวคิดชาตินิยม (PDF) (in Thai), retrieved March 25, 2021
  7. ^ Charan Chettanachi. "การหมักเหล้าขาวญี่ปุ่นโดยใช้ข้าวดิบ" (PDF) (in Thai). Retrieved March 13, 2021.

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