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'''''Melilotus''''', known as '''melilot''', '''sweet clover''', and '''kumoniga''' (from the [[Cumans]]),<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27">Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27</ref> is a genus in the family [[Fabaceae]] (the same family that also includes the ''Trifolium'' [[clover]]s). Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.
'''''Melilotus''''', known as '''melilot''', '''sweet clover''', and '''kumoniga''' (from the [[Cumans]]),<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27">Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27</ref> is a genus in the family [[Fabaceae]] (the same family that also includes the ''Trifolium'' [[clover]]s). Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.


This [[legume]] is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of [[coumarin]] in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to discourage consumption by animals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/coumarin.php|accessdate=26 November 2011|title=Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin}}</ref> Fungi (including ''Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium'', and ''Mucor''<ref>Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, ''Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers''. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.</ref>) can convert coumarin into [[dicoumarol]], a toxic [[anticoagulant]]. Consequently, dicoumarol may be found in decaying sweet-clover, and was the cause of the so-called '''sweet-clover disease''', recognized in cattle in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite journal |year=1995|journal=J Vet Diagn Invest|volume=7|issue=3|pages=420–422|title=Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves|authors=Behzad Yamini, Robert H. Poppenga, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., and Lawrence J. Judge|doi=10.1177/104063879500700328|pmid = 7578469}}</ref> A few varieties of sweet clover have been developed with low coumarin content and are safer for forage and [[silage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/sweet_clovers|title=Sweet clovers: What is the difference between yellow sweet clover and white sweet clover?|author=Christina Curell|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]|date=July 2, 2013|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref>
This [[legume]] is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of [[coumarin]] in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to discourage consumption by animals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/coumarin.php|accessdate=26 November 2011|title=Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin}}</ref> Fungi (including ''Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium'', and ''Mucor''<ref>Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, ''Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers''. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.</ref>) can convert coumarin into [[dicoumarol]], a toxic [[anticoagulant]]. Consequently, dicoumarol may be found in decaying sweet-clover, and was the cause of the so-called '''sweet-clover disease''', recognized in cattle in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite journal |year=1995|journal=J Vet Diagn Invest|volume=7|issue=3|pages=420–422|title=Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves|authors=Behzad Yamini, Robert H. Poppenga, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., and Lawrence J. Judge|doi=10.1177/104063879500700328|pmid = 7578469|doi-access=free}}</ref> A few varieties of sweet clover have been developed with low coumarin content and are safer for forage and [[silage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/sweet_clovers|title=Sweet clovers: What is the difference between yellow sweet clover and white sweet clover?|author=Christina Curell|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]|date=July 2, 2013|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref>


The name ''sweet clover'' varies [[English orthography|orthographically]] (''sweet-clover'', ''sweetclover'').
The name ''sweet clover'' varies [[English orthography|orthographically]] (''sweet-clover'', ''sweetclover'').

Revision as of 01:03, 12 April 2020

This article is about the genus of grassland plants. For the moshav, see Mlilot.

Melilotus
Melilotus officinalis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Trifolieae
Genus: Melilotus
L.
Type species
Melilotus officinalis
(L.) Lam.
Species

See text

Synonyms

Brachylobus Dulac (1867)[1]
Melilothus Homem. (1819)[1]
Meliloti Medik. (1787)[1]
Meliotus Steud. (1841)[1]
Sertula O. Ktze. (1891)[1]

Melilotus albus

Melilotus, known as melilot, sweet clover, and kumoniga (from the Cumans),[2] is a genus in the family Fabaceae (the same family that also includes the Trifolium clovers). Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.

This legume is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of coumarin in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to discourage consumption by animals.[3] Fungi (including Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Mucor[4]) can convert coumarin into dicoumarol, a toxic anticoagulant. Consequently, dicoumarol may be found in decaying sweet-clover, and was the cause of the so-called sweet-clover disease, recognized in cattle in the 1920s.[5] A few varieties of sweet clover have been developed with low coumarin content and are safer for forage and silage.[6]

The name sweet clover varies orthographically (sweet-clover, sweetclover).

Uses

Melilotus species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as those of the genus Coleophora, including C. frischella and C. trifolii.

Melilotus, often used as a green manure, can be turned into the soil to increase its nitrogen and organic matter content. It is especially valuable in heavy soils because of its deep rooting. However, it may fail if the soil is too acidic. It should be turned into the soil when 8 to 10 inches tall. Unscarified seed is best sown in spring when the ground is not too dry; scarified seed is better sown in late fall or even in the snow, so it will germinate before competing weeds the following spring.[7]

Others

Blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea) is not a member of the genus, despite the name.

Species

The genus Melilotus currently has nineteen recognized species:[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Woodgate, Katherine; Maxted, Nigel; Bennett, Sarita Jane (1996). Bennett, Sarita Jane; Cocks, Philip Stanley (eds.). Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture. Vol. 33. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-7923-5522-9.
  2. ^ Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27
  3. ^ "Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin". Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  4. ^ Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.
  5. ^ "Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves". J Vet Diagn Invest. 7 (3): 420–422. 1995. doi:10.1177/104063879500700328. PMID 7578469. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Christina Curell (July 2, 2013). "Sweet clovers: What is the difference between yellow sweet clover and white sweet clover?". Michigan State University. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  7. ^ Five Acres and Independence by M.G. Kains. 1973.
  8. ^ "Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
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