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2018–19 Eredivisie

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This article is about the men's competition. For the women's competition, see 2018–19 Eredivisie (women).
Eredivisie
Season2018–19
Dates10 August 2018 – 15 May 2019
ChampionsAjax (34th title)
RelegatedNAC Breda
De Graafschap
Excelsior
Champions LeagueAjax
PSV Eindhoven
Europa LeagueFeyenoord
AZ
FC Utrecht
Matches played306
Goals scored1,061 (3.47 per match)
Top goalscorerLuuk de Jong
Dušan Tadić
(28 goals each)
Biggest home winAjax 8–0 De Graafschap
(16 December 2018)
Biggest away winADO Den Haag 0–7 PSV Eindhoven
(15 September 2018)
Highest scoringHeracles Almelo 4–5 Excelsior
(12 May 2019)
Longest winning run13 matches
PSV Eindhoven
Longest unbeaten run13 matches
PSV Eindhoven
Longest winless run10 matches
Excelsior
NAC Breda
Longest losing run7 matches
Excelsior
Highest attendance53,720
Lowest attendance3,811
Total attendance5,509,186
Average attendance18,004

The 2018–19 Eredivisie was the 63rd season of the Eredivisie since its establishment in 1955. The season began on 10 August 2018 and concluded on 15 May 2019; the Europa League and relegation play-offs will take place later that month. PSV were the defending champions. Emmen, De Graafschap and Fortuna Sittard joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 Eerste Divisie. They replaced Sparta Rotterdam, Twente and Roda JC who were relegated to the 2018–19 Eerste Divisie.

Teams

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A total of 18 teams took part in the league: The best fifteen teams from the 2017–18 season, two promotion/relegation playoff winners (FC Emmen and De Graafschap) and the 2017–18 Eerste Divisie runners-up (Fortuna Sittard). FC Emmen will play in the Eredivisie for the first time in their history.

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Locations of the 2018–19 Eredivisie teams
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Rotterdam Eredivisie football clubs

Stadiums and locations

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Club Location Venue Capacity
ADO Den Haag The Hague Cars Jeans Stadion 15,000
Ajax Amsterdam Johan Cruyff Arena 54,990
AZ Alkmaar AFAS Stadion 17,023
De Graafschap Doetinchem De Vijverberg 12,600
Emmen Emmen De Oude Meerdijk 8,600
Excelsior Rotterdam Van Donge & De Roo Stadion 4,500
Feyenoord Rotterdam De Kuip 51,177
Fortuna Sittard Sittard Fortuna Sittard Stadion 10,300
Groningen Groningen Noordlease Stadion 22,550
Heerenveen Heerenveen Abe Lenstra Stadion 27,224
Heracles Almelo Almelo Polman Stadion 12,080
NAC Breda Breda Rat Verlegh Stadion 19,000
PEC Zwolle Zwolle MAC³PARK Stadion 14,000
PSV Eindhoven Philips Stadion 36,500
Utrecht Utrecht Stadion Galgenwaard 23,750
Vitesse Arnhem GelreDome 21,248
VVV-Venlo Venlo Seacon Stadion – De Koel 8,000
Willem II Tilburg Koning Willem II Stadion 14,500

Personnel and kits

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Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players and managers may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Team Manager Captain Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
ADO Den Haag Netherlands Alfons Groenendijk Netherlands Aaron Meijers Erreà Cars Jeans
Ajax Netherlands Erik ten Hag Netherlands Matthijs de Ligt Adidas Ziggo
AZ Netherlands John van den Brom Netherlands Guus Til Under Armour AFAS Software
De Graafschap Netherlands Henk de Jong Netherlands Sven Nieuwpoort Nike Flexfactory
Emmen Netherlands Dick Lukkien Netherlands Anco Jansen Beltona Noordlease
Excelsior Netherlands André Hoekstra Netherlands Ryan Koolwijk Quick DSW Zorgverzekeraar
Feyenoord Netherlands Giovanni van Bronckhorst Netherlands Robin van Persie Adidas Qurrent
Fortuna Sittard Netherlands René Eijer [nl] Netherlands Wessel Dammers Masita Sparr Finance
Groningen Netherlands Danny Buijs Netherlands Mike te Wierik Puma Payt
Heerenveen Netherlands Johnny Jansen Netherlands Stijn Schaars Jako GroenLeven
Heracles Germany Frank Wormuth Netherlands Robin Pröpper Acerbis Asito
NAC Breda Netherlands Ruud Brood Netherlands Menno Koch Legea CM Payments
PEC Zwolle Netherlands Jaap Stam Netherlands Bram van Polen Craft Molecaten
PSV Netherlands Mark van Bommel Netherlands Luuk de Jong Umbro Energiedirect.nl
Utrecht Netherlands Dick Advocaat Netherlands Willem Janssen Hummel Zorg van de zaak
Vitesse Russia Leonid Slutsky Netherlands Maikel van der Werff Macron Droomparken
VVV-Venlo Netherlands Maurice Steijn Netherlands Danny Post Masita Seacon Logistics
Willem II Netherlands Adrie Koster Netherlands Jordens Peters Robey Destil

Managerial changes

[edit]
Team Outgoing manager Manner of departure Date of vacancy Position in table Replaced by Date of appointment
Excelsior Netherlands Mitchell van der Gaag End of contract 1 July 2018[1] Pre-season Netherlands Adrie Poldervaart 1 July 2018[2]
Fortuna Sittard Portugal Cláudio Braga End of interim spell 1 July 2018 Netherlands René Eijer [nl] 1 July 2018
Groningen Netherlands Ernest Faber End of contract 1 July 2018 Netherlands Danny Buijs 1 July 2018
Heerenveen Netherlands Jurgen Streppel End of contract 1 July 2018 Netherlands Jan Olde Riekerink 1 July 2018
Heracles Almelo Netherlands John Stegeman End of contract 1 July 2018 Germany Frank Wormuth 1 July 2018
NAC Breda Belgium Stijn Vreven End of contract 1 July 2018 Netherlands Mitchell van der Gaag 1 July 2018
PSV Netherlands Phillip Cocu Signed by Fenerbahçe 1 July 2018 Netherlands Mark van Bommel 1 July 2018
Vitesse Netherlands Edward Sturing End of interim spell 1 July 2018 Russia Leonid Slutsky 1 July 2018
Willem II Netherlands Reinier Robbemond End of interim spell 1 July 2018 Netherlands Adrie Koster 1 July 2018
FC Utrecht Netherlands Jean-Paul de Jong Sacked 4 September 2018 11th Netherlands Dick Advocaat 12 September 2018
PEC Zwolle Netherlands John van 't Schip Sacked 19 December 2018 15th Netherlands Jaap Stam 28 December 2018
NAC Breda Netherlands Mitchell van der Gaag Resigned 18 March 2019 18th Netherlands Ruud Brood 25 March 2019
Excelsior Netherlands Adrie Poldervaart Resigned 4 April 2019 [3] 15th Netherlands André Hoekstra 4 April 2019
Heerenveen Netherlands Jan Olde Riekerink Sacked 10 April 2019 [4] 10th Netherlands Johnny Jansen (caretaker) 10 April 2019

Standings

[edit]

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Ajax (C) 34 28 2 4 119 32 +87 86 Qualification for the Champions League third qualifying round
2 PSV Eindhoven 34 26 5 3 98 26 +72 83 Qualification for the Champions League second qualifying round
3 Feyenoord 34 20 5 9 75 41 +34 65 Qualification for the Europa League third qualifying round[a]
4 AZ 34 17 7 10 64 43 +21 58 Qualification for the Europa League second qualifying round[a]
5 Vitesse 34 14 11 9 70 51 +19 53 Qualification for the European competition play-offs[b]
6 Utrecht (O) 34 15 8 11 60 51 +9 53
7 Heracles Almelo 34 15 3 16 61 68 −7 48
8 Groningen 34 13 6 15 39 41 −2 45
9 ADO Den Haag 34 12 9 13 58 63 −5 45
10 Willem II 34 13 5 16 58 72 −14 44
11 Heerenveen 34 10 11 13 64 73 −9 41
12 VVV-Venlo 34 11 8 15 47 63 −16 41
13 PEC Zwolle 34 11 6 17 44 57 −13 39
14 Emmen 34 10 8 16 41 72 −31 38
15 Fortuna Sittard 34 9 7 18 50 80 −30 34
16 Excelsior (R) 34 9 6 19 46 79 −33 33 Qualification for the Relegation play-offs[c]
17 De Graafschap (R) 34 8 5 21 38 75 −37 29
18 NAC Breda (R) 34 5 8 21 29 74 −45 23 Relegation to Eerste Divisie
Source: eredivisie.nl
Rules for classification: Season in progress: 1) Most points won; 2) Less points lost; 3) Goal difference; 4) Goals scored; 5) Alphabetical order; End of season: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Head-to-head points; 5) Head-to-head goal difference; 6) Head-to-head away goals scored; 7) Play-off if relevant for deciding champion, relegation or participating in a European league, otherwise by draw. 8) Penalty shoot-out (only after a play-off)[5]
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners; (R) Relegated
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Since the winners of the 2018–19 KNVB Cup, Ajax, qualified for European competition based on league position, the spot awarded to the KNVB Cup winners (Europa League third qualifying round) was passed to the third-placed team and the spot awarded to the third-placed team (Europa League second qualifying round) was passed to the fourth-placed team.
  2. ^ Four teams play for a spot in the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League second qualifying round.
  3. ^ Ten teams, two from the Eredivisie and eight from the Eerste Divisie, play for two spots in the 2019–20 Eredivisie. The remaining eight teams play in the 2019–20 Eerste Divisie.

Results

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Home \ Away ADO AJA AZ EMM EXC FEY FOR GRA GRO HEE HER NAC PEC PSV UTR VIT VVV WIL
ADO Den Haag 1–5 0–1 1–2 3–1 2–2 3–1 0–0 1–0 2–3 2–0 1–1 1–0 0–7 5–0 3–3 2–4 6–2
Ajax 5–1 5–0 5–0 6–2 3–0 4–0 8–0 3–0 4–4 1–1 5–0 2–1 3–1 4–1 4–2 6–0 2–0
AZ 2–3 1–0 5–0 2–1 1–1 4–2 1–0 1–0 2–3 2–1 5–0 2–2 1–0 3–0 0–0 3–0 0–2
Emmen 3–2 2–5 1–4 1–2 1–4 3–3 1–1 1–0 2–0 1–1 2–0 0–1 2–2 2–0 0–3 1–1 0–2
Excelsior 2–4 1–7 4–2 2–1 2–1 1–1 2–0 2–4 3–3 0–3 1–2 0–2 0–2 3–3 2–0 1–0 1–1
Feyenoord 0–2 6–2 2–1 4–0 3–0 0–2 4–0 1–0 3–0 2–1 4–2 3–0 2–1 1–0 2–1 4–1 2–3
Fortuna Sittard 0–0 0–2 0–3 3–1 4–1 1–4 3–1 0–0 2–4 3–0 2–1 3–0 1–2 1–1 2–1 1–1 4–4
De Graafschap 1–1 1–4 1–1 1–0 4–1 2–0 5–1 0–1 0–5 1–2 3–0 0–2 1–4 0–1 2–2 1–2 2–1
Groningen 1–0 0–1 1–3 1–2 1–0 1–0 3–0 1–0 2–0 3–0 5–2 0–1 1–2 1–1 2–1 3–2 0–1
Heerenveen 1–1 0–4 0–2 1–1 1–0 3–5 3–1 0–3 1–1 3–5 2–1 1–1 2–2 2–3 1–1 2–2 4–2
Heracles Almelo 4–2 1–0 3–2 2–1 4–5 0–2 6–0 4–0 4–1 2–1 1–0 0–2 0–4 1–5 3–2 4–1 3–4
NAC Breda 1–1 0–3 0–3 1–1 0–2 0–4 2–3 3–0 0–0 4–2 2–1 0–0 0–2 0–4 2–1 1–1 2–2
PEC Zwolle 2–3 1–4 0–0 3–0 2–0 3–1 5–0 0–3 3–2 2–3 1–1 0–0 1–2 4–3 0–2 2–4 2–3
PSV Eindhoven 3–1 3–0 3–1 6–0 6–0 1–1 5–0 2–1 2–1 3–0 3–1 2–0 4–0 4–0 1–0 4–0 6–1
Utrecht 3–0 1–3 2–1 1–2 0–0 3–2 2–1 5–0 0–0 3–1 3–1 2–1 2–0 2–2 0–0 1–1 0–1
Vitesse 1–1 0–4 2–2 1–1 3–2 1–1 2–1 6–1 5–1 2–2 4–0 4–1 4–1 3–3 2–1 2–1 3–2
VVV-Venlo 2–0 0–1 2–2 2–3 1–0 0–3 3–2 4–1 0–0 1–1 0–1 3–0 2–0 0–1 2–6 1–3 2–1
Willem II 0–3 1–4 2–1 2–3 2–2 1–1 3–2 3–2 1–2 1–5 5–0 2–0 2–0 0–3 0–1 1–3 0–1
Source: eredivisie.nl
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
For upcoming matches, an "a" indicates there is an article about the rivalry between the two participants.

Season statistics

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Top scorers

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Rank Player Club Games Goals Penalties Average
1 Netherlands Luuk de Jong PSV Eindhoven 34 28 00 0.82
Serbia Dušan Tadić Ajax 34 11 0.82
3 Spain Adrián Dalmau Heracles Almelo 31 19 00 0.61
4 Mexico Hirving Lozano PSV Eindhoven 30 17 04 0.57
Netherlands Abdenasser El Khayati ADO Den Haag 33 06 0.52
6 Netherlands Robin van Persie Feyenoord 25 16 00 0.64
Netherlands Klaas-Jan Huntelaar Ajax 28 01 0.57
Morocco Hakim Ziyech Ajax 29 00 0.55
Netherlands Sam Lammers Heerenveen 31 05 0.52
Netherlands Michel Vlap Heerenveen 34 00 0.47

Source: nos.nl[6]

Hat-tricks

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Round Player Club Goals Date Home Score Away
3 Spain Fran Sol Willem II 34', 52' (p), 70' 26 August 2018 Willem II 5–0 Heracles Almelo
4 Netherlands Abdenasser El Khayati ADO Den Haag 21' (p), 45+1', 65', 69' 1 September 2018 Excelsior 2–4 ADO Den Haag
16 Netherlands Daley Blind Ajax 65', 74', 90' 16 December 2018 Ajax 8–0 De Graafschap
16 Morocco Hakim Ziyech Ajax 32', 62', 69' 16 December 2018 Ajax 8–0 De Graafschap
18 Netherlands Fabian Serrarens De Graafschap 27', 30', 66' 20 January 2019 De Graafschap 5–1 Fortuna Sittard
20 Netherlands Luuk de Jong PSV Eindhoven 54', 76', 87' 3 February 2019 PSV Eindhoven 5–0 Fortuna Sittard
22 Spain Adrián Dalmau Heracles Almelo 1', 51', 60', 78' 16 February 2019 Heracles Almelo 6–0 Fortuna Sittard
24 Netherlands Robin van Persie Feyenoord 38', 52', 62' 3 March 2019 Feyenoord 4–0 Emmen
27 Sweden Alexander Isak Willem II 44' (p), 58' (p), 61' (p) 30 March 2019 Willem II 3–2 Fortuna Sittard
27 Netherlands Thomas Buitink Vitesse 21', 27', 43' 30 March 2019 ADO Den Haag 3–3 Vitesse
30 Netherlands Klaas-Jan Huntelaar Ajax 10', 40', 65' 13 April 2019 Ajax 6–2 Excelsior
31 Netherlands Bryan Linssen Vitesse 9', 47', 77' 20 April 2019 Vitesse 4–1 PEC Zwolle
33 Spain Adrián Dalmau Heracles Almelo 23', 51', 59' 12 May 2019 Heracles Almelo 4–5 Excelsior
33 Iceland Elías Már Ómarsson Excelsior 4', 45', 90+1' 12 May 2019 Heracles Almelo 4–5 Excelsior
33 Togo Peniel Mlapa VVV-Venlo 54', 57', 75' 12 May 2019 PEC Zwolle 2–4 VVV-Venlo

Assists

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Rank Player Club Games Assists Average
1 Morocco Hakim Ziyech Ajax 29 13 0.45
Serbia Dušan Tadić Ajax 34 0.38
3 Netherlands Steven Berghuis Feyenoord 33 12 0.36
Netherlands Steven Bergwijn PSV Eindhoven 33 0.36
Netherlands Abdenasser El Khayati ADO Den Haag 33 0.36
6 Norway Martin Ødegaard Vitesse 31 10 0.32
Curaçao Brandley Kuwas Heracles Almelo 33 0.3
Netherlands Donny van de Beek Ajax 34 0.29
9 Kosovo Arbër Zeneli Heerenveen 17 09 0.53
Spain Angeliño PSV Eindhoven 34 0.26

Source: nos.nl[7]

Discipline

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Player with the most yellow cards: 11[8]

Players with the most red cards: 2

Updated to match(es) played on 8 April 2019.

Awards

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Monthly awards

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Month Player of the Month Talent of the Month Ref.
Player Club Player Club
August Netherlands Robin van Persie Feyenoord Netherlands Steven Bergwijn PSV [9]
September Sweden Kristoffer Peterson Heracles Spain Angeliño PSV [10]
October Morocco Hakim Ziyech Ajax Netherlands Michel Vlap Heerenveen [11]
November Argentina Nicolás Tagliafico Ajax Morocco Noussair Mazraoui Ajax [12]
December Netherlands Frenkie de Jong Ajax Netherlands Steven Bergwijn PSV [13]
January Netherlands Patrick Joosten VVV-Venlo Netherlands Sam Lammers Heerenveen [14]
February Netherlands Frenkie de Jong Ajax Greece Lazaros Lamprou Fortuna Sittard [15]
March Serbia Dušan Tadić Ajax Sweden Alexander Isak Willem II [16]
April Norway Martin Ødegaard Vitesse Netherlands Tyrell Malacia Feyenoord [17]
May Iceland Elías Már Ómarsson Excelsior Norway Martin Ødegaard Vitesse [18]

Annual awards

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Award Player Club Ref.
Player of the Season Netherlands Frenkie de Jong Ajax [19]
Talent of the Season Spain Angeliño PSV
Team of the Season[19]
Goalkeeper Cameroon André Onana (Ajax)
Defence Netherlands Denzel Dumfries (PSV) Netherlands Matthijs de Ligt (Ajax) Netherlands Daley Blind (Ajax) Spain Angeliño (PSV)
Midfield Norway Martin Ødegaard (Vitesse) Denmark Lasse Schöne (Ajax) Netherlands Frenkie de Jong (Ajax)
Attack Morocco Hakim Ziyech (Ajax) Netherlands Luuk de Jong (PSV) Serbia Dušan Tadić (Ajax)
Bench Netherlands Marco Bizot (AZ)
Argentina Nicolás Tagliafico (Ajax)
Netherlands Nick Viergever (PSV)
Netherlands Abdenasser El Khayati (ADO Den Haag)
South Africa Thulani Serero (Vitesse)
Denmark Younes Namli (PEC Zwolle)
Spain Adrián Dalmau (Heracles)
Netherlands Steven Berghuis (Feyenoord)
Netherlands Steven Bergwijn (PSV)

Play-offs

[edit]

European competition

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Four teams played for a spot in the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League second qualifying round.

 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
 Heracles Almelo 0 0 0
 
 
 
 FC Utrecht 2 3 5
 
 FC Utrecht* 1 2 3
 
 
 
 Vitesse 1 0 1
 
 FC Groningen 2 1 3
 
 
 Vitesse 1 3 4
 

Key: * = Play-off winners, (a) = Wins because of away goals rule, (e) = Wins after extra time in second leg, (p) = Wins after penalty shoot-out.

Promotion/relegation play-offs

[edit]

Ten teams, two from the Eredivisie and eight from the Eerste Divisie, played for two spots in the 2019–20 Eredivisie, the remaining eight teams playing in the 2019–20 Eerste Divisie.

 
First roundSecond roundThird round
 
                
 
 
 
 
 NEC 2 0 2
 
 
 
 RKC Waalwijk 0 3 3
 
 RKC Waalwijk 2 1 3
 
 
 Excelsior 1 1 2
 
 
 
 
 
 RKC Waalwijk* 0 5 5
 
 
 Go Ahead Eagles 0 4 4
 
 
 
 
 
 Go Ahead Eagles 2 1 3
 
 
 FC Den Bosch 2 0 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TOP Oss 0 0 0
 
 
 Sparta Rotterdam 2 3 5
 
 
 
 
 
 Sparta Rotterdam* 1 2 3
 
 
 
 De Graafschap 2 0 2
 
 SC Cambuur 2 2 4
 
 
 
 Almere City 2 1 3
 
 SC Cambuur 1 0 1
 
 
 De Graafschap 1 2 3
 
 
 
 

Key: * = Play-off winners, (a) = Wins because of away goals rule, (e) = Wins after extra time in second leg, (p) = Wins after penalty shoot-out.

References

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  1. ^ "Van der Gaag vertrekt na dit seizoen bij Excelsior". AD.nl (in Dutch). 4 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  2. ^ "Adrie Poldervaart stapt over van de massagetafel naar het coachvak". Volkskrant (in Dutch). 30 May 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  3. ^ "Trainer Poldervaart stapt op bij Excelsior na nederlaag tegen NAC". NOS.nl (in Dutch). 4 April 2019.
  4. ^ "Heerenveen zet trainer Olde Riekerink op non-actief". NOS.nl (in Dutch). 10 April 2019.
  5. ^ "Eredivisie 2018/2019 - Season rules" (PDF). KNVB. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  6. ^ "Dutch Eredivisie Top Scorers". NOS (in Dutch). 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  7. ^ "Dutch Eredivisie Assists". NOS (in Dutch). 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  8. ^ "Eredivisie Stats". 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  9. ^ "Robin van Persie receives first Eredivisie Player of the Month trophy | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. September 13, 2018. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
  10. ^ "Peterson wint prijs voor Speler van de Maand | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. October 5, 2018. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  11. ^ "Hakim Ziyech uitgeroepen tot Eredivisiespeler van de Maand | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. November 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  12. ^ "Nicolás Tagliafico uitgeroepen tot Speler van de Maand november | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. December 6, 2018. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  13. ^ "Frenkie de Jong en Steven Bergwijn Speler en Talent van de Maand december". www.foxsports.nl. Archived from the original on 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  14. ^ "Patrick Joosten uitgeroepen tot Speler van de Maand januari | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. January 30, 2019. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  15. ^ "Frenkie de Jong opnieuw uitgeroepen tot Speler van de Maand | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. February 28, 2019. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  16. ^ "Dusan Tadic announced as Played of the Month | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. April 5, 2019. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  17. ^ "Martin Ødegaard named as player of the month for April | Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. May 5, 2019. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  18. ^ "Omarsson Eredivisie player of the month May, Ødegaard talent of the month; Eredivisie". eredivisie.nl. May 20, 2019. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Frenkie de Jong Eredivisie Player of the Season 2018/2019". Eredivisie. 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
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