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Allen George Newman

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The Hiker (1904, cast 1912), North Burial Ground, Providence, Rhode Island

Allen George Newman III (August 28, 1875 – February 2, 1940) was an American sculptor, best known for his statue "The Hiker".

Early life

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He was born in New York City, the son of hardware manufacturer Allen G. Newman, Jr. and his wife Ada E. Hinde.[1] He attended public schools, and the City College of New York, 1890–92.[1] He apprenticed under his brother-in-law, sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward, 1897–1901, then studied at the National Academy of Design.[2]

Career

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Newman's early works were relatively modest, busts and relief portraits, or architectural sculpture for buildings at American expositions. He modeled life-size figures of The Pioneer and Greek Water Carrier for J. L. Mott Iron Works of New York City, which were cast in zinc and mass-produced.

The Hiker

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Spanish–American War Section, North Burial Ground, Providence, Rhode Island

Newman had a tremendous early success with The Hiker, a statue of a slouching Spanish–American War soldier, possibly based on an 1899 illustration by Frederic Remington.[3] A heroic size version (in plaster?) was exhibited in the New York State Building at the 1907 Jamestown Exposition.[4] Its first installation as part of a memorial was at the North Burial Ground in Providence, Rhode Island, in a section for Spanish–American War dead.[5] Gen. Charles Wheaton Abbot, Jr. mused on the statue in his speech at its dedication, Memorial Day, May 31, 1912:

The head is strongly poised on a sinewy column. The shoulders are broad, the chest full and deep. The flanks are thin, the hips narrow. The muscular legs show great marching capacity... There is a suggestion at the bow of the knee that he could ride a horse. His trusty Krag is not the first gun he has handled. You will not find that position in the manual, though the muzzle is elevated. It is equally handy to be aimed, clubbed or lunged. His head turns naturally a little to the right to balance the hat brim falling to the left. But the face is smooth shaven as was the mode—every part is strong, every feature clean cut, and all smoothly balanced. The lined cheeks show that in his 28 years he has lived. He is no saint. He is no molly-coddle. He is an American soldier. He is a disciplined man at arms, the wonder of the world today wherever such foregather.[5]

For a time the statue served as the official monument of the United Spanish War Veterans (USWV).[6] Jno. Williams, Inc., a New York foundry, cast bronze versions in several sizes – heroic (9 ft / 2.74 m), life size (7 ft / 2.13 m), and multiple reduced sizes.[7] More than twenty examples adorn war memorials across the United States.[8] Sculptor and critic Lorado Taft called The Hiker "the best bronze soldier in America."[9]

Other works

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The Triumph of Peace (1911), Atlanta, Georgia

Newman was commissioned by an organization of Atlanta, Georgia, businessmen to create a peace monument for Piedmont Park, commemorating reconciliation between the North and South. The Triumph of Peace depicts a winged goddess holding an olive branch, who declares "Cease Firing – Peace Is Proclaimed," to a Confederate soldier holding a rifle. The gesture of reconciliation was considered significant enough that President William Howard Taft attended the monument's October 10, 1911 dedication.[10] The bronze sculpture was restored in 2016.[11] It was vandalized in August 2017.[12]

The Atlanta peace monument may have led to other Southern commissions. Newman modeled a number of statues and portrait reliefs of Southern politicians and businessmen.[4] He created the sculpture for the Women of the Confederacy Monument in Jacksonville, Florida;[13] and relief portraits of a Confederate officer and a Union officer for monuments in Vicksburg National Military Park.[14][15]

Newman was commissioned to create a monument in honor of Lt. Col. Herman Koehler, who revolutionized physical education at the United States Military Academy. The bronze tablet, which included a relief portrait, was installed in West Point's Hayes Gymnasium and unveiled on the occasion of the instructor's retirement. Its inscription reads: "To Lieut. Col. Herman J. Koehler, Master of the Sword U.S.M.A. 1885–1923."[16]

Newman created a Rough Rider statue (1931), that was installed on the Spanish–American War Memorial in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. A variation on his own Hiker, the pose of the Rough Rider is slightly different and the soldier holds his rifle with both hands. He created a Sailor statue (1932), that was paired with his Hiker on the Spanish–American War Memorial in Detroit, Michigan.

Four war memorials in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, feature Newman's work: The Spanish–American War memorial in Schenley Plaza features a cast of The Hiker. The World War I memorial in the Lawrenceville section features The Doughboy, reminiscent of The Hiker in the soldier's slouching pose. Sacrifice, the World War I memorial in Legion Park, is perhaps Newman's most solemn work. It depicts the soul of a dead soldier passing on his sword as he gazes up to heaven. The World War II memorial in the East Hills section was designed by Newman, but erected after his death. Made of granite, it features an octagonal Art Deco pavilion with fluted piers and a frieze composed of shields and paired American eagle wings.

Portal of All the Palaces

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Portal of All the Palaces
The Pirate
The Conquistador

Architect W. B. Faville was tasked with designing grand entrances for a number of the palaces (exhibition buildings) at the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California. His solution was to create a single massive portal that could be assembled out of cast terra cotta sections and mass-produced. Faville's "Portal of All the Palaces" featured a tall 3-arch arcade, with niches over the arches, and a forest of spires rising above its 75-foot (22.9 m) cornice line:[17]

These [portals] were done in the ornate, highly florid Renaissance style known as "plateresque," from the tendency of the Spanish silversmiths to cover every inch of surface with decoration. Rich pilasters on small tasteful corbels divided the spaces above the entrance openings into three bays, each of which contained a niche, the central one canopied. But no saints were in these niches. What you saw were El Capitan, the Conquistador, in the center under the canopy; and on either side of him, each in his lesser niche, a real old low-browed, bow-legged, walk-the-plank pirate, with a most business-like noosed rope in his hands, the bight of which fell in decorative line to his feet. These figures were the work of Allen Newman. They were of commanding stature, being 13 feet [4 m] tall, and from their pedestals 50 feet [15.2 m] in the air they glowered on the sea, where not so long ago their prototypes had made and for a time had held their strong and cruel empire. They were surrounded by a nimbus of the most delicate ornament, which they saved from fatal sweetness and to which they gave a spark of heroic fire.[18]

The portals were also polychromatic, with the dark pink of the unglazed terra cotta accented by glazed pieces in turquoise and burnt orange.[19] Faville's "Portal of All the Palaces" was reproduced for the exposition's north and south gateways, and as the grand entrance to four of the exhibition buildings.[19]

Honors

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Newman was elected to the National Sculpture Society in 1907,[20] and voted an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1926.[21] He was a member of the Architectural League of New York and other arts organizations.[1] He was an honorary member of the Spanish War Veterans.[1]

Personal

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Newman married Florence Allan on March 28, 1900. They had four children, three of whom, Ramona, Helen and Thomas, lived to adulthood.[1] Newman died on February 2, 1940, in New York City, and was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

Selected works

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War memorials

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Sacrifice (1922), World War I Memorial, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Statues

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General Sterling Price (1915), Price Park, Keytesville, Missouri

Architectural sculpture

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Busts, bas reliefs & medals

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National Arts Club Valor Medal (1917)
  • Relief portrait: Thomas C. Wrigley (bronze, c.1905), Wrigley Memorial, Wrigley Park, Paterson, New Jersey[4]
  • Relief portrait: Joel Chandler Harris (bronze, c.1908), Harris Grave Monument, Westview Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia
  • Relief panels, Henry Hudson Memorial Shaft (bronze, 1909–10), Riverside Park, Riverside Drive at 72nd Street, Manhattan, New York City.[46] An ornate streetlight erected by The Colonial Dames of America.[47]
  • Bust: Maj. Gen. Edgar A. Russell (bronze, c.1910), U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York[4]
  • Relief portrait: Robert E. Lee (bronze, 1912), cast by Jno. Williams Inc., New York.
  • Relief portrait: Jonathan Dwight Memorial Tablet (bronze, c.1912), Church of the Unity, Springfield, Massachusetts.[4] The church was demolished in 1961.[48]
  • Edward Ames Temple Memorial Tablet (1913), Historical Department Building, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Features 6 relief portraits of Iowa pioneers.[4]
  • Joan of Arc Medal (bronze, 1915).[49] Features a nude St. Joan grasping her shield. Exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1916.[44]
  • Relief portrait: Lewis Cass (bronze, 1915), Cass Memorial, Mackinac Island State Park, Mackinac Island, Michigan[50]
  • National Arts Club Valor Medal (bronze, 1917), National Arts Club of New York. Newman's medal design was chosen from the submissions of about 100 sculptors.[51]
  • Bust: Cardinal William H. O'Connell, Cardinal O'Connell Memorial Fountain (bronze, 1918), Cardinal O'Connell Parkway, Lowell, Massachusetts[52]
  • Relief portrait, Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Plaque (bronze, 1919), cast by John Polachek, Long Island City.
  • Relief portrait, Ferdinand Foch Memorial Plaque (bronze, 1919), cast by John Polachek, Long Island City.
  • Relief portrait, Woodrow Wilson Memorial Plaque (bronze, c.1919), cast by John Polachek, Long Island City. An example is at Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library, Saunton, Virginia.[53]
  • Relief portrait: Lt. Col. Herman Koehler (bronze, 1923), Koehler Tablet, Hayes Gymnasium, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York.[16]
  • Sheridan Monument (1910), Scranton, Pennsylvania
    Sheridan Monument (1910), Scranton, Pennsylvania
  • The Pioneer (c.1910), Ashland, Oregon
    The Pioneer (c.1910), Ashland, Oregon
  • Women of the Confederacy Monument (1914–15), Jacksonville, Florida
    Women of the Confederacy Monument (1914–15), Jacksonville, Florida
  • Cardinal O'Connell Memorial Fountain (1918), Lowell, Massachusetts
    Cardinal O'Connell Memorial Fountain (1918), Lowell, Massachusetts
  • The Doughboy (1921), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
    The Doughboy (1921), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
  • Daniel S. Dickinson (1924), Binghamton, New York
    Daniel S. Dickinson (1924), Binghamton, New York
  • Col. Francis Cockrell (1915) at Vicksburg National Military Park
    Col. Francis Cockrell (1915) at Vicksburg National Military Park

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Allen G. Newman, 65, Sculptor, is Dead," The New York Times, February 4, 1940.
  2. ^ McKay, James, The Dictionary of Sculptors in Bronze, Antique Collectors Club, London, 1995
  3. ^ The Hiker, from NYC Parks.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Allen G. Newman," Annals of Iowa, vol. 11, no. 2 (July, 1913), Iowa State University, pp. 230–31.
  5. ^ a b c d Fred F. Poyner IV, "Allen George Newman (1875–1940)," Seattle Public Sculptors (McFarland Press, 2017), pp. 70–81.
  6. ^ "Spanish War Memorial". Norwich Bulletin. Norwich, Connecticut. March 17, 1915. p. 7. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  7. ^ A reduced size version of The Hiker is in the collection of the New York Historical Society.[1]
  8. ^ Dennis Alan Nawrocki, "Spanish American War Monument," Art in Detroit Public Places (Wayne State University Press, 20), p. 116.[2]
  9. ^ Taft, Lorado, The History of American Sculpture, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1925, p. 570.
  10. ^ The Journal of American History, volume 6, number 3 (July 1912), (New York: Frank Allaben Genealogical Company, 1912), p. 561.
  11. ^ Gracie Bond Staples, "Rededicating a Confederate monument to peace," Atlanta Journal-Constitution, September 22, 2016.
  12. ^ Brian O'Shea, "Atlanta Peace Statue defaced by Atlanta protesters," Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 14, 2017.
  13. ^ The Monument to Women of the Confederacy in Springfield's Confederate Park, from Jacksonville History.
  14. ^ Confederate Colonel Francis M Cockrell, from National Park Service.
  15. ^ Union Colonel Thomas J Lucas, from National Park Service.
  16. ^ a b Brian T. Rapavy & Kenneth W. Rapp, "Milwaukee Instructor at West Point," Milwaukee History, vol. 2 (Winter 1979).
  17. ^ W. B. Faville, F.A.I.A., "Phases of Panama–Pacific International Exposition Architecture," The American Architect, volume 107, number 2037 (January 6, 1915), pp. 1-7.
  18. ^ Frank Morton Todd, The Story of the Exposition, Volume 2 (New York & London: G. P. Putnam's Sons and The Knickerbocker Press, 1921), p. 296.
  19. ^ a b John D. Barry, The City of Domes: The Panama–Pacific International Exposition (San Francisco: John J. Newbegin, 1915), pp. 40, 107, 114, 118, 125.
  20. ^ Historical Members Archived 2017-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, from National Sculpture Society.
  21. ^ Allen G. Newman Archived 2016-08-24 at the Wayback Machine, from National Academy of Design.
  22. ^ Spanish American War Memorial, from SIRIS.
  23. ^ The Hiker (Bayonne), from SIRIS.
  24. ^ Women of the Confederacy Monument, from SIRIS.
  25. ^ Colonel Francis Cockrell, from SIRIS.
  26. ^ Colonel Thomas J. Lucas, from SIRIS.
  27. ^ Doughboy, from SIRIS.
  28. ^ Sacrifice, from SIRIS.
  29. ^ Spanish American War Maine Memorial, from SIRIS.
  30. ^ Spanish American War Memorial, from SIRIS
  31. ^ World War II Memorial, from SIRIS.
  32. ^ The Owl, from SIRIS.
  33. ^ The Hiker, from SIRIS.
  34. ^ Walter Preston Brownlow Fountain, from Memorial Drinking Fountains.
  35. ^ "Pioneer Mike": The Carter Memorial Fountain, Ashland, OR, (PDF)
  36. ^ Music of the Waters Fountain, from Audubon Park Historic District.
  37. ^ Diane Rozas, Anita Bourne Gottehrer, 1999.American Venus: The Extraordinary Life of Audrey Munson:a New York Sun article in 1913: "Up on Riverside Drive Allen George Newman's fountain "Music of the Water," shows another pose of this young woman."
  38. ^ Peace Monument, from SIRIS.
  39. ^ General Sterling Price, from SIRIS.
  40. ^ Thomas Johnston Grier, from SIRIS.
  41. ^ Daniel S. Dickinson, from SIRIS.
  42. ^ Portal of All the Palaces, from Calisphere, University of California.
  43. ^ Catalogue of an Exhibition of Contemporary American Sculpture, June 17 – October 2, (National Sculpture Society, 1916), p. 66.[3]
  44. ^ a b Peter Hastings Falk, The Annual Exhibition Record of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Volume 3, 1914–1968 (Sound View Press, 1989), p. 344.
  45. ^ Pieces of Eight, from SIRIS.
  46. ^ Henry Hudson Memorial Shaft, from The Colonial Dames of America.
  47. ^ Riverside Drive Electrolier, from New York State Archives.
  48. ^ Church of the Unity, from Andover-Harvard Theological Library.
  49. ^ Joan of Arc Medal Archived 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, from Brookgreen Gardens.
  50. ^ Cass Memorial, from SIRIS.
  51. ^ "The Medal for the Hon. Elihu Root," The Art World, September 1917, p. 552.[4]
  52. ^ William Cardinal O'Connell Monument, from SIRIS.
  53. ^ Woodrow Wilson, from SIRIS.
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