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Caroline Elkins

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Caroline Elkins
Born
Caroline Fox

1969 (age 54–55)
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Professor and non-fiction writer
AwardsPulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, Guggenheim Fellowship, Fulbright, Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction
Academic background
Alma materHarvard University
Princeton University
Academic work
DisciplineHistory and African and African American studies
InstitutionsHarvard University

Caroline Elkins (American, born Caroline Fox, 1969) is Professor of History and African and African American Studies at Harvard University, the Thomas Henry Carroll/Ford Foundation Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, Affiliated Professor at Harvard Law School, and the Founding Oppenheimer Faculty Director of Harvard's Center for African Studies.[1][2]

Her first book, Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya (2005), won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. It was also the basis for successful claims by former Mau Mau detainees against the British government for crimes committed in the internment camps of Kenya in the 1950s.[3] Elkins's later book, Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire (2022), received significant reviewer praise, with one calling it a "tour de force of historical excavation."[4][5][6] It was a finalist for the Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction, selected as one of The New York Times's Top 100 Books of 2022, and named as one of the best books of 2022 by the New Statesman, the BBC, History Today, and Waterstones.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

Biography

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Raised in Ocean Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey, Elkins graduated from Ocean Township High School in 1987. She was a three-sport varsity athlete (soccer, field hockey, and basketball), winning multiple all-state and all-Shore awards, and heavily recruited at the collegiate level, ultimately deciding to attend Princeton where she played varsity soccer and golf. She was inducted into her high school's athletic hall of fame in 2000. [13]

Mau Mau Rebellion

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Elkins majored in history at Princeton, graduating summa cum laude before moving to Harvard for her master's and doctorate. Her historical methodology, which includes use of written sources as well as ethnographic field work and oral interviews, has led to major revisions in the fields of African and British imperial histories, and has also generated significant criticism, particularly from conservative academics. Elkins' Harvard PhD was concerned with the detention system employed by the colonial authorities during the Mau Mau Uprising, and served as the basis of the 2002 BBC documentary, Kenya: White Terror, in which Elkins and her fieldwork were both profiled. Kenya: White Terror won the International Red Cross Award at the Monte Carlo Film Festival.[14][15] Elkins's dissertation provided the foundation for her 2005 publication, Imperial Reckoning, which was met with critical acclaim in newspapers and magazines around the world, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian, and The Economist. In addition to winning the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 2006, Imperial Reckoning was named a book of the year by The Economist and an editors' choice by The New York Times, and was a finalist for the Lionel Gelber Prize.[16] In its commendation of Elkins, the Pulitzer Prize Committee wrote: "Imperial Reckoning is history of the highest order: meticulously researched, brilliantly written, and powerfully dramatic. An unforgettable act of historical re-creation, it is also a disturbing reminder of the brutal imperial precedents that continue to inform Western nations in their drive to democratize the world."[17][18]

Elkins has been a professor at Harvard University since she completed her doctoral degree in Harvard's history department in 2001. She received tenure in 2009, and subsequently became the founding director of Harvard's Center for African Studies. She was appointed the Oppenheimer Faculty Director and in her six years as director created one of the world's largest institutions for the study of Africa, raising significant funds and garnering from the US Department of Education the distinction as a National Resource Center for African Studies.[19][20] Elkins currently teaches courses on contextual intelligence, modern Africa, the British Empire, and colonial violence in the 20th century.

In 2009, Imperial Reckoning served as the basis for an unprecedented legal claim filed by five Mau Mau detention camp survivors against the British government, and Elkins became the claimants' first expert witness before being joined by other historians in late 2010 and 2011. The case, known as Mutua and Five Others versus the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), was heard at the High Court of Justice in London with the Honourable Justice McCombe presiding. London human rights law firm Leigh Day and the Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) in Nairobi were the claimants' legal representatives. During the course of legal discovery the FCO discovered some 300 boxes of previously undisclosed files that validated on a large scale Elkins' claims in Imperial Reckoning and provided thousands of pages of new evidence supporting the claimants' case of gross abuses perpetrated by colonial officials in the detention camps of Kenya in the 1950s.[21]

On June 6, 2013, the British government announced a settlement with the Mau Mau claimants, issuing its official apology of "sincere regret," a £20 million cash payment, and a monument to those tortured during the uprising, unveiled in Nairobi's Uhuru Park in 2015.[22][23] In the wake of the settlement, Kenyan MP, Paul Muite, told the press that, "Without her research, we would not have been able to mount this suit. The research portion was a momentous task and I credit Elkins for the success of filing the case. We recognised the research and preparatory work (to file the case) had to be perfect."[24]

Legacy of Violence

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Main article: Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire

Elkins's later book, Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire (2022), received starred reviews from Kirkus, Library Journal, and Publishers Weekly, which also interviewed Elkins, who stated that, "I don’t believe that taking down statues erases or distorts history. Burning or hiding documents—that certainly erases and distorts history. I was an expert witness in a lawsuit against the British government by Kenyan survivors of detention camps, which led to the 'discovery' of several hundred boxes of unreleased government files on the camps. My book [Legacy of Violence] is, in part, about how we write history when much of the evidence has been destroyed or concealed. This is an important moment, in which statues and documents are coming together to help us reassess how the world became what it is."[25]

Reviewers call Legacy of Violence "Top-shelf history offering tremendous acknowledgement of past systemic abuses," and "a feat of scholarship that elucidates the bureaucratic and legal machinery of oppression, dissects the intellectual justifications for it, and explores in gripping, sometimes grisly detail the suffering that resulted. The result is a forceful challenge to recent historiographical and political defenses of British exceptionalism that punctures myths of paternalism and progress."[26][27]

Positive reviewers include historians Rana Mitter, Geoffrey Wheatcroft, Maya Jasanoff, Richard Drayton, Alex von Tunzelmann, John Darwin, Robert Gildea, Priya Satia, Erik Linstrum, Wm. Roger Louis, and Jill Lepore. Other scholars and journalists delivering positive reviews include Homi Bhabha, Howard W. French, Tim Adams, Amitav Ghosh, Robbie Millen, and Priyamvada Gopal.[citation needed]

Historian Robert Lyman (former British army major) gave it a negative review calling it "a piece of ideology masquerading as history".[28] University of Maryland historian Richard N. Price remarked that "if the book tends to overstuff its argument, it is also a book that is curiously thin in its conceptualization. Nuance and subtlety are strikingly absent throughout all the key arguments of the book."[29]

Selected works

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  • Elkins, Caroline (2000). "Reckoning with the Past: The Contrast between the Kenyan and South African Experiences". Social Dynamics. 26 (2): 8–28. doi:10.1080/02533950008458693. S2CID 143334588.(subscription required)
  • Elkins, Caroline (2000). "The Struggle for Mau Mau Rehabilitation in Late Colonial Kenya". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 33 (1): 25–57. doi:10.2307/220257. JSTOR 220257.(subscription required)
  • "Detention, Rehabilitation, and the Destruction of Kikuyu Society". In A. Odhiambo & J. Lonsdale, eds., Mau Mau and Nationhood: Arms, Authority and Narration. Oxford: James Currey. 2003. pp. 191–226. ISBN 978-0-85255-484-5.
  • Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya. New York, NY: Henry Holt. 2005.
  • Elkins, Caroline; Pedersen, Susan, eds. (2005). Settler Colonialism in the 20th Century: Projects, Practices, Legacies. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Elkins, Caroline (2011). "Alchemy of Evidence: Mau Mau, the British Empire, and the High Court of Justice". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 39 (5): 731–748. doi:10.1080/03086534.2011.629084. S2CID 159551587.
  • Elkins, Caroline (2022). Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "History Department Faculty: Caroline Elkins". Harvard.edu. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  2. ^ "Caroline M. Elkins". Faculty & Research. Harvard Business School. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  3. ^ Parry, Marc (August 18, 2016). "Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire | Marc Parry". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
  4. ^ "Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire". www.kirkusreviews.com. Kirkus. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  5. ^ Keymer, David (February 4, 2022). "Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire". Library Journal. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  6. ^ "Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire". www.publishersweekly.com. Publishers Weekly. October 19, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  7. ^ Shaffi, Sarah (October 10, 2022). "Female history and biography writing dominates Baillie Gifford shortlist". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  8. ^ Staff, The New York Times Books (November 22, 2022). "100 Notable Books of 2022". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  9. ^ Statesman, New (December 3, 2022). "Books of the year 2022". New Statesman. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  10. ^ "21 best books for history lovers: BBC History Magazine's Books of the Year 2022". HistoryExtra. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  11. ^ "Books of the Year 2022 | History Today". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  12. ^ Mark Skinner (September 14, 2022). "The Best Books of 2022: History". Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  13. ^ Larsen, Erik. "Search for truth yields Pulitzer; Book documents atrocities in Kenya", Asbury Park Press, April 30, 2006. Accessed March 7, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "When Caroline Fox graduated from Ocean Township High School in 1987, her teachers had no doubt she was going to go places. She didn't disappoint Princeton was next, then Harvard and after that, halfway around the world to Kenya Today a Harvard University professor and married with two young sons, Caroline Elkins is one of the nation's foremost scholars on African history and a renowned expert on a little-known brutal chapter in the post-World War II history of British colonialism in Africa."
  14. ^ "Press Award in Monte Carlo". The Magazine of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  15. ^ "Kenya: White Terror". YouTube. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  16. ^ "Faculty Home Page". Harvard University Department of History. Archived from the original on August 14, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  17. ^ "Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya". Pulitzer Prize Committee. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  18. ^ Elkins, Caroline (June 1, 2015). "Looking beyond Mau Mau: Archiving Violence in the Era of Decolonization". The American Historical Review. 120 (3): 852–868. doi:10.1093/ahr/120.3.852. ISSN 1937-5239.
  19. ^ "Elkins receives named appointment at Center for African Studies". News.harvard.edu. July 6, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  20. ^ "Caroline Elkins named professor of history". Harvard Gazette. October 2009. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  21. ^ Cobain, Ian; Norton-Taylor, Richard (April 18, 2012). "Sins of colonialists lay concealed for decades in secret archive". The Guardian. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  22. ^ "Mau Mau abuse victims to get payouts". BBC.com. June 6, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  23. ^ "Kenya Unveils Memorial to Those Tortured During British Rule". VOA. September 12, 2015.
  24. ^ "From thesis to record of unspeakable torture evidence that UK wanted buried". www.standardmedia.co.ke. Standard Media. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  25. ^ "Bloody Britain: 'PW' Talks with Caroline Elkins". www.publishersweekly.com. Publishers Weekly. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  26. ^ "Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire". www.kirkusreviews.com. Kirkus. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  27. ^ "Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire". www.publishersweekly.com. Publishers Weekly. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  28. ^ "Violence against history". The Critic. October 2, 2022.
  29. ^ "Price on Elkins, 'Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire'." H-Empire. December 2022.

Further reading

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