Independent politician (Ireland)
Independent politicians | |
|---|---|
| Dáil Éireann | 18 / 160 11%
|
| Seanad Éireann | 9 / 60 15%
|
| European Parliament | 2 / 14 14%
|
| Local government | 178 / 949 19%
|
Independent politicians contest elections without the support of a political party. They have played a continuous role in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since its independence in 1922.
Provision for independents in electoral law
[edit]If a candidate is not the candidate of a registered political party, they may be nominated for elections to Dáil Éireann with the assent of 30 electors in the constituency,[1] for elections to the European Parliament with the assent of 60 electors in the constituency,[2] and for local elections with the assent of 15 electors in the local electoral area.[3] They may choose to have the designation non-party next to their name on the ballot paper.[4]
In Seanad elections and presidential elections, candidates are not nominated by parties directly, and party labels do not appear on the ballot.
Independents supporting governments
[edit]In the case of minority governments, where the party or parties forming the government do not have a majority in the Dáil, they will usually be dependent on independent TDs in votes of confidence or to pass the budget. This can be by formal arrangement with the government.
Independent government ministers
[edit]In the first inter-party government (1948–1951), James Dillon served as Minister for Agriculture. He was an independent TD, having left Fine Gael in 1942 because he disagreed with the policy of neutrality during the Second World War. He rejoined Fine Gael in 1953 and became leader in 1959.
In 2009, Mary Harney continued as Minister for Health as an independent member of the government after the dissolution of the Progressive Democrats, and served until 2011.
After the 2016 general election, 3 independent TDs were appointed to a minority Fine Gael–Independent government on 6 May 2016: Denis Naughten as Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment, Shane Ross as Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport, and Katherine Zappone as Minister for Children and Youth Affairs. Ross was a member of the Independent Alliance, and other members of the Independent Alliance were appointed as Ministers of State. Naughten resigned as minister on 11 October 2018. Ross and Zappone served until the appointment of a new government on 27 June 2020.
Local government
[edit]At the 2024 local elections, independents won 178 of the 949 seats on city and county councils.
European Parliament
[edit]Two independent MEPs represent Ireland in the European Parliament: Luke 'Ming' Flanagan MEP for Midlands–North-West since 2014, and Michael McNamara MEP for South since 2024.
President of Ireland
[edit]The current President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins was elected in 2011 having been nominated by Labour Party members of the Oireachtas, but re-elected in 2018 on his own nomination.
Election results
[edit]General elections
[edit]Key for government column:
| Independents participated in government |
| Majority government |
| Minority government |
| Election | Seats won | ± | First pref. votes | % | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 4 / 128 Southern Ireland only
|
|
No Poll | No Poll | Sinn Féin majority |
| 1922 | 9 / 128
|
 5
|
48,638 | 7.8 | CnaG minority |
| 1923 | 13 / 153
|
4
|
85,869 | 8.1 | CnaG minority |
| 1927 (Jun) | 16 / 153
|
3
|
153,370 | 13.4 | CnaG minority |
| 1927 (Sep) | 12 / 153
|
 4
|
92,959 | 7.9 | CnaG minority |
| 1932 | 14 / 153
|
2
|
131,890 | 10.4 | FF minority |
| 1933 | 9 / 153
|
5
|
68,882 | 5.0 | FF minority |
| 1937 | 8 / 138
|
1
|
128,480 | 9.7 | FF minority |
| 1938 | 7 / 138
|
1
|
60,685 | 4.7 | FF majority |
| 1943 | 11 / 138
|
4
|
116,024 | 8.7 | FF minority |
| 1944 | 10 / 138
|
1
|
94,852 | 7.8 | FF majority |
| 1948 | 11 / 147
|
1
|
94,271 | 7.2 | FG–Lab–CnaP–CnaT–NLP–Ind |
| 1951 | 14 / 147
|
3
|
127,234 | 9.6 | FF minority |
| 1954 | 5 / 147
|
9
|
70,937 | 5.3 | FG–Lab–CnaT |
| 1957 | 9 / 147
|
4
|
72,492 | 5.9 | FF majority |
| 1961 | 6 / 144
|
3
|
65,963 | 5.6 | FF minority |
| 1965 | 2 / 144
|
4
|
26,277 | 2.1 | FF minority |
| 1969 | 1 / 144
|
1
|
42,230 | 3.2 | FF majority |
| 1973 | 2 / 144
|
1
|
39,419 | 2.9 | FG–Labour |
| 1977 | 4 / 148
|
2
|
87,527 | 5.5 | FF majority |
| 1981 | 4 / 166
|
0
|
63,829 | 3.7 | FG–Labour minority |
| 1982 (Feb) | 4 / 166
|
0
|
46,059 | 2.8 | FF minority |
| 1982 (Nov) | 3 / 166
|
1
|
38,735 | 2.3 | FG–Labour |
| 1987 | 3 / 166
|
0
|
70,843 | 4.0 | FF minority |
| 1989 | 4 / 166
|
1
|
54,761 | 3.3 | FF–PD |
| 1992 | 5 / 166
|
1
|
99,487 | 5.8 | FF–Lab (1993–94) FG–Lab–DL (1994–97) |
| 1997 | 6 / 166
|
1
|
123,102 | 7.9 | FF–PD minority |
| 2002 | 17 / 166
|
11
|
176,305 | 9.5 | FF–PD |
| 2007 | 5 / 166
|
12
|
106,429 | 5.2 | FF–Green–PD |
| 2011 | 14 / 166
|
9
|
269,703 | 12.1 | FG–Labour |
| 2016 | 19 / 158
|
5
|
338,215 | 15.9 | FG–Ind minority |
| 2020 | 19 / 160
|
0
|
266,529 | 12.2 | FF–FG–Green |
References
[edit]- ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 2002, s. 1: Amendment of Electoral Act 1992 (No. 4 of 2002, s. 1). Enacted on 25 March 2002. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 13 July 2019.
- ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 2002, s. 2: Amendment of European Parliament Elections Act 1997 (No. 4 of 2002, s. 2). Enacted on 25 March 2002. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 13 July 2019.
- ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 2002, s. 3: Amendment of Local Elections Regulations 1995 (No. 4 of 2002, s. 3). Enacted on 25 March 2002. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 13 July 2019.
- ^ Electoral Act 1992, s. 46: Nomination of Candidates (No. 23 of 1992, s. 46). Enacted on 5 November 1992. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 13 July 2019.
Further reading
[edit]- Weeks, Liam (2017). Independents in Irish party democracy. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719099601.