J. M. Robson
John Michael ‘Rab’ Robson | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1900 |
| Died | 18 February 1982 (aged 81–82) |
| Alma mater | University of Leeds |
| Known for | Mutagenesis |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | medicine genetics |
| Institutions | University of Edinburgh Guy's Hospital Medical School National Research Council of Canada |
John Michael 'Rab' Rabinovich FRSE FRCS FRCSE LLD (1900–18 February 1982) was a geneticist who co-founded the science of mutagenesis by mutations in fruit flies exposed to mustard gas. He was Professor at Guy's Hospital Medical School.
Life
[edit]Born in Belgium to a Russian Jewish family, Rabinovich came prior to World War I in England, where he attended school in Leeds.
He studied science at the University of Leeds graduating with a BSc in 1922. He then took a second degree in medicine graduating with an MB ChB in 1925. In 1929 he joined the staff of the Institute of Animal Genetics in Edinburgh alongside Alan William Greenwood. In 1934 he began lecturing in pharmacology at the University of Edinburgh
He changed his name to Robson, and was appointed assistant to Bertold Wiesner at the Institute of Animal Genetics in the University of Edinburgh. In 1932 he was appointed lecturer at the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Edinburgh, and thereafter pharmacology became his specialism, though he maintained a strong interest in hormone research. In addition to studies of the effects of hormones on the human uterus, he also worked on toxicology and chemotherapy.
In 1940, along with Charlotte Auerbach and A.J. Clark, he discovered that mustard gas could cause mutations in fruit flies, founding the science of mutagenesis.[1][2] He continued earlier research on sex hormones[3] when he moved to the Pharmacology Department of Guy's Hospital Medical School, London in 1946, but grew more interested in the similar effects of exposure to mustard gas with exposure to X-rays.[4] Robson's pharmacological research paved the way for the development of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s. While there he undertook research on the effects of gonadotrophins in pregnancy, and also supervised the Pregnancy Diagnosis Station that had been founded by the Institute's director Professor Francis Crew.
In 1932 he received an honorary doctorate (DSc) from the University of Edinburgh and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Francis Albert Eley Crew, Bertold Wiesner, Alan William Greenwood, and Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer.[5]
In 1946 he moved to London as a Reader in Pharmacology at Guy's Hospital Medical School, and was given a professorship there in 1950. Here he focussed upon endocrinology.[6]
He retired in 1968, and was made Emeritus Professor at Guys. He died in London on 18 February 1982 aged 79.
Publications
[edit]- Recent Advances in Sex and Reproductive Physiology (1934)
- Recent Advances in Pharmacology (1950)
Family
[edit]Robson married Sarah Benjamin in September 1930 in Leeds.
References
[edit]- ^ Auerbach, C.; Robson, J. M. (9 March 1946). "Chemical Production of Mutations". Nature. 157 (3984): 302. Bibcode:1946Natur.157..302A. doi:10.1038/157302a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 21017936. S2CID 4143417.
- ^ Beale, G (1 June 1993). "The discovery of mustard gas mutagenesis by Auerbach and Robson in 1941". Genetics. 134 (2): 393–399. doi:10.1093/genetics/134.2.393. ISSN 1943-2631. PMC 1205483. PMID 8325476.
- ^ Robson, J. M.; Wiesner, B. P. (20 November 1931). "The Causation of Mucification and Cornification in the Vagina of the Mouse". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology. 21 (3): 217–225. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1931.sp000534. ISSN 0370-2901.
- ^ Robson, J. M. (15 September 1948). "The Electron Multiplier as a Counter for 10-Kev Protons". Review of Scientific Instruments. 19 (12): 865–871. Bibcode:1948RScI...19..865R. doi:10.1063/1.1741187. ISSN 0034-6748.
- ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Robson, Professor John Michael". AIM25 - Archives in London and the M25 area. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- Beale, G (June 1993). "The discovery of mustard gas mutagenesis by Auerbach and Robson in 1941". Genetics. 134 (2): 393–9. doi:10.1093/genetics/134.2.393. PMC 1205483. PMID 8325476.
- JM Robson biography
- Belgian Jews
- British people of Russian-Jewish descent
- British pharmacists
- Jewish scientists
- Scottish Jews
- 1900 births
- 1982 deaths
- Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
- Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
- Belgian geneticists
- Belgian emigrants to Canada
- Belgian endocrinologists
- Belgian emigrants to the United Kingdom
- British physicists
- British endocrinologists
- British geneticists
- Canadian geneticists
- 20th-century Belgian biologists
- 20th-century British scientists
- 20th-century Canadian physicists
- Scientists from London
- Scientists from Ontario
- Presidents of the Canadian Association of Physicists
- 20th-century Canadian biologists
- Alumni of the University of Leeds