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Julia Grenan

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Julia Grenan
Born
Julia Grenan

(1883-07-02)July 2, 1883
Dublin, Ireland
DiedJanuary 6, 1972(1972-01-06) (aged 88)
Dublin, Ireland
NationalityIrish
Other namesSheila Grenan
PartnerElizabeth O'Farrell

Julia Grenan (Sighle, Sheila, 2 July 1883 – 6 January 1972) was an Irish nationalist, republican, suffragette and socialist and member of Cumann na mBan, best known for being one of the three last women to leave the Headquarters during the Easter Rising of 1916.

Background

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Julia Grenan was born in 2 July 1883 to Patrick Grenan, a joiner of Lombard Street in Dublin near to where Elizabeth O'Farrell grew up.[1] She had two brothers and was the only girl. Her mother was Elizabeth Kenny, daughter of Hugh Kenny, who died in 1900 from chronic bronchitis, amongst other ailments. She went to the Sisters of Mercy school and after that became a dressmaker.[2][3] Most of her life was spent with O'Farrell, the two girls being childhood friends and growing up together. As women they were strong nationalists, spoke Irish and joined the various organisations in Dublin like the Gaelic League, the Irish Women's Franchise League and the Irish Women Workers' Union. In 1906, they joined Inghinidhe na hÉireann, and went on to become members of the Inghinidhe branch of Cumann na mBan soon after its creation in 1914.[3] During the 1913 Dublin Lock-out they supported the workers. They worked with Constance Markievicz to try to prevent recruitment into the British Armed forces. She trained them both in the use of firearms.[3]

The Rising

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Grenan in 1916 while detained

Once the Rising was planned, and the day before it began Markievicz ensured they were central to the action by directing them to Liberty Hall to introduce them to the Irish Citizen Army leader James Connolly and ensuring he knew they were to be trusted.[3]

Grenan was sent to Dundalk and Carrickmacross to deliver dispatches to the republican units there. O'Farrell was sent west. On their return they worked out of the General Post Office as couriers and nurses. They also ensured delivery of ammunition from the GPO to the College of Surgeons garrison, hiding the weapons under their clothes. Along with her friend O'Farrell, and James Connolly's aide de camp, Winifred Carney, she cared for the wounded including Connolly whose ankle was shattered by a bullet on the 27th. The three women refused to leave when the rest of the women were evacuated until the Friday night when they retreated with the leaders to Moore Street.[4][5] Grenan and O'Farrell nursed the wounded there until the final surrender was decided.[6][7][8] O'Farrell was handed a Red Cross insignia and a white flag and asked to deliver the surrender to the British military. Grenan watched her from the door as O'Farrell walked out into heavy fire.[3][7][8]

Aftermath

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Grenan was arrested with the men from Moore street and initially kept overnight in the gardens at the Rotunda.[7] They were then taken to Richmond Barracks and finally imprisoned with the rest of the women arrested in Kilmainham Gaol until 9 May. While she heard the executions their wardress originally told the prisoners that the shots were from ongoing fighting. Grenan continued her work for Cumann na mBan with her friend O'Farrell. They carried dispatches during the Irish War of Independence. After the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in 1921 they remained Anti-Treaty and remained hostile to the Free State.[3]

They collected funds during the Irish Civil War for the families of the anti-Treaty prisoners and continued to attend republican functions. Eventually in 1933 they resigned from the Cumann feeling that the organisation had drifted away from their beliefs. Both women gave their support to the 1956–62 IRA border campaign.[3] Because O'Farrell was the woman who actually delivered the surrender she tends to be the better remembered of the couple. In the years after the Rising and wars Grenan worked for the Irish Hospital Sweepstakes office in Ballsbridge and also as a furrier in Dublin. The two women lived together at 27 Lower Mount Street, Dublin.[3][8]

Julia Grenan died in Dublin on 6 January 1972 and was buried alongside Elizabeth O'Farrell, who had died in 1957, in the republican plot in Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin.[3] That Elizabeth and Julia were romantic partners is now widely considered to be the case.[9][10][11][12] The significant closeness they displayed, the fact they lived together for 30 years, the fact that neither was ever married to a man and the fact they were buried beside each other are all considered indicators of a more intimate relationship than publicly stated. Similarly, their comrades in the 1916 Rising, Kathleen Lynn and Madeleine ffrench-Mullen, are also considered to be another "unstated" couple, as were Margaret Skinnider and Nora O'Keeffe,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] all of whom were featured, along with Eva Gore-Booth and others, in a 2023 TG4 documentary about "the radical queer women at the very heart of the Irish Revolution": Croíthe Radacacha (Radical Hearts).[11][12]

Further reading

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  • Brian Feeney (2 May 2014). Seán MacDiarmada: 16Lives. O'Brien Press. pp. 187–. ISBN 978-1-84717-653-0.
  • Brian Barton (1 December 2013). The Secret Court Martial Records of the 1916 Easter Rising. History Press. pp. 410–. ISBN 978-0-7509-5905-6.

References

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  1. ^ "Irish Genealogy". civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  2. ^ "National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911". National Archives of Ireland. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Frances Clarke and James Quinn (2015). "O'Farrell, Elizabeth" (PDF). Dictionary of Irish Biography.
  4. ^ Matthews, Ann (2010). Renegades, Irish Republican Women 1900–1922. Dublin: Mercier History. pp. 124–158. ISBN 978-1-85635-684-8.
  5. ^ Eight Women of the Easter Rising The New York Times, 16 March 2016
  6. ^ Gene Kerrigan (22 October 2015). The Scrap. Transworld. pp. 152–. ISBN 978-1-4735-4040-8.
  7. ^ a b c "Miss Elizabeth O'Farrell's Story of the Surrender". 1916 Rebellion Museum. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  8. ^ a b c Celine Naughton (10 December 2015). "Sisters in arms during the Rising". Irish Independent.
  9. ^ Archer, Bimpe (16 July 2019). "Ireland's hidden lesbian figures who fought for revolution". The Irish News. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  10. ^ a b Kelleher, Patrick (10 April 2020). "New book shines a light on the incredible role queer women played in the Easter Uprising". PinkNews. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  11. ^ a b c McAuliffe, Mary (22 June 2023). "Who were Ireland's queer revolutionaries?". Brainstorm. RTÉ. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Tiernan, Han (27 November 2023). "Queer rebel women of Irish Revolution highlighted in new TG4 documentary". Gay Community News. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  13. ^ "Hidden Histories: Queer Women of The 1916 Rising". Gay Community News. 22 March 2016.
  14. ^ McGrath, Louisa (25 November 2015). "It's Time to Acknowledge the Lesbians Who Fought in the Easter Rising". Dublin Inquirer. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  15. ^ "Wild Irish Women: Elizabeth O'Farrell – A Fearless Woman". 1 February 2017.
  16. ^ "Lesbians of 1916 are the Rising's 'hidden history'". Irish Independent. 24 January 2016.
  17. ^ McGreevy, Ronan (21 June 2018). "The gay patriots who helped found the Irish State". The Irish Times.
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