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List of tunnels in Australia

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Outbound lanes of CityLink, inside the Burnley Tunnel, Melbourne 2010

This is a list of tunnels in Australia which includes any road, railway, waterway or other form of tunnel, anywhere in the country.

Australian Capital Territory

[edit]
Name Image Locale Carries Type Length Notes
m ft
Acton Tunnel Acton, Australian Capital Territory Carries Parkes Way under a hill Road 190 623 Three levels, with the upper two being used for car parking and storage by the Australian National University

New South Wales

[edit]
Name Image Locale Carries Type Length[1] Notes
m ft
Airport railway line Wolli Creek to Central East Hills railway line Rail 10,000 33,000
Bilson Tunnel Kosciuszko National Park Skitube Rail 3,300 10,800
Blue Cow Tunnel Kosciuszko National Park Skitube Rail 2,600 8,500
Ardglen Tunnel Upper Hunter Shire Main North Line Rail 488 1,601 [2]
Airport Tunnel Mascot General Holmes Drive Road 550 1,800 Two in-line dual tunnels that carry runways for Sydney Airport[3]
Avon Tunnel Dombarton to Avon Maldon – Dombarton railway line Rail 4,000 13,000 A planned single track tunnel. Only a few metres at each end were evacuated. 150.7372°, -34.4451° [4]
Balmain Colliery Below Sydney Harbour Coal mine
Belmore Tunnel Blue Mountains Main Western line Rail Used by Zig Zag tourist railway on the Lithgow Zig Zag
Bethungra Spiral Bethungra Main South Line Rail 205 673 Two tunnels
Border Tunnel Richmond Valley North Coast line Rail 1,160 3,810 On the border between New South Wales and Queensland[5]
Box Vale tunnel Mittagong Box Vale rail line unlined tunnel through final spur
Bullio Tunnel (Wombeyan Caves Rd Tunnel) Nattai National Park Wombeyan Caves Road Road 22 72
Busby's Bore From Centennial Parklands to Hyde Park Sydney water supply Water 3,600 11,800 Built from 1827 to 1837 and remains in limited use[6]
Bylong Rail Tunnel Bylong Sandy Hollow to Maryvale Line, No 3 of 5 Rail 1,975 6,480 At the time of its construction, it was the longest rail tunnel[citation needed]
Boronia Tunnels Cowan Main North line Rail 1,313 4,308 1-4 in use, 5 deviated; double track; longest tunnel is 602 metres (1,975 ft)
Bungendore - Queanbeyan rail Bombala line Rail Brooks Bank tunnel and two Pine Range tunnels
Carcoar Tunnel Carcoar Blayney–Demondrille railway line Rail 281 922 No longer in use
City Circle Sydney central business district Sydney underground railways Rail 5,000 16,000 Estimate of tunnel length from Central to Circular Quay and return. Two tunnels
Clarence Tunnel Clarence, Blue Mountains Main Western line Rail 493 1,617 Replaced by Ten Tunnels Deviation; used by Zig Zag tourist railway
Colinton rail tunnel Colinton Bombala line Rail 161 528 No longer in use
Cooks River Tunnel Between Sydney Airport and Tempe M5 Motorway Road Under Cooks River
Cougal Spiral Richmond Valley North Coast line Rail 369 1,211 Two tunnels (See also Border Tunnel)
Cross City Tunnel Sydney central business district Cross City Tunnel Road 2,100 6,900 Two tunnels[7]
Cudgen Road Tunnel Tweed Valley Pacific Motorway Road 134 440 Twin tunnels; opened in 2002[8]
Devonshire Street Tunnel Sydney central business district Railway Square to Surry Hills Pedestrian 300 980 [9]
Dorrigo railway line Dorrigo Dorrigo railway line Rail Two tunnels of unknown length between Glenreagh and Timber Top
Eastern Distributor Tunnel Between Woolloomooloo and Surry Hills Eastern Distributor Road 1,700 5,600 Completed in 2000; tolled on exit, northbound only; unique 'piggyback' design with three lanes, northbound, stacked on top of three lanes, southbound[10][11]
Eastern Suburbs railway line Sydney Eastern Suburbs railway line Rail Erskineville to Bondi Junction
Epping to Chatswood railway line Sydney Metro North West Line Rail 13,000 43,000
Fernleigh Tunnel Rail Rail trail-cycleway
Gib tunnel between Mittagong & Bowral Main South line Rail 516 1,693 Two tunnels; original single-track line now replaced; and one double-track line adjacent
Glenbrook Tunnel (1892) Glenbrook Main Western Line (since deviated) Heritage 634 2,080
Glenbrook Tunnel (1913) Between Lapstone and Glenbrook Main Western line Rail 283 928 Double-track line, in use
Glowworm Tunnel Rd Tunnel Wollemi National Park Glowworm Tunnel Road Road 160 520
Helensburgh Tunnels including the
Helensburgh Glow Worm, Lilyvale and Otford tunnels		 Illawarra escarpment Illawarra railway line Rail 3,257 10,686 Seven disused tunnels; previous use between 1884 and 1920[12][13][14]
plus
Seven in use dual line tunnels plus one single tunnel
Kings Cross Tunnel Kings Cross Road 274 899
Lane Cove Tunnel Lane Cove M2 Motorway Road 3,600 11,800
Long Island Hawkesbury River station Main North line Rail 263 863 Two tunnels; one Disused single track tunnel used for storage and a Double track, in use, adjacent
Malaita Point Katoomba Rail through post of a coal mine
Marrangaroo Lithgow Main Western line Rail 974 3,196 Former single-track line; since deviated as double-track line, in use. Only double-track line length shown
Merewether Bluff Merewether Rail Disused, Australia's first two railway tunnels, 1861 & 1862, privately operated[15]
M4 East Tunnel Between Haberfield and Homebush M4 Motorway Road 5,500 18,000 Dual tunnels[16]
M4-M5 Link Between Haberfield and St Peters M4/M5 / Road 9,200 30,200 [16]
M5 East Tunnel Between Beverly Hills and Arncliffe M5 Motorway Road
M8 Motorway Between Beverly Hills and St Peters M8 Motorway Road 9,000 30,000
Moore Park Tunnel Moore Park CBD and South East Light Rail Light rail from Eastern Distributor to Anzac Parade
Mount Alexandra Mittagong Fitzroy Iron Works short tunnel on horse drawn tramway replacement
Mount Rennie Katoomba Narrow Neck Rail 395 1,296 Disused; previous use shale transport
Mullet Creek Hawkesbury River station Main North line Rail 456 1,496 Double track, in use, from the Hawkesbury Bridge Platform and Jct (end Hawkesbury Bridge deviation)
New Main Tunnel Picton Main South line Rail 183 600 Double track, in use, between Picton station and Redback tunnel
Newnes Glowworm Tunnel Between Newnes and Lithgow Newnes railway line Rail 1,320 4,330 Rail use between 1907 and 1932; converted to pedestrian and tourism use[17]
NorthConnex Between Pennant Hills and Wahroonga Pacific Motorway /Hills Motorway Road 9,000 30,000 Opened 31 October 2020[18]
Old Main Tunnel Picton Main South line Rail 181 594 Disused; previous use between 1867 and 1919
Pyrmont and Glebe Railway Tunnels Between Pyrmont and Glebe Inner West Light Rail Light rail 1,500 4,900 Two double-track tunnels; completed in 1922; estimated length[19]
Redbank Tunnel Tahmoor Main South line Rail 181 594 Double-track, in use;[20] deviated, filled in[21]
Red Hill Tunnels Coffs Harbour North Coast line Rail 955 3,133 Five tunnels, opened in 1922
St Helena Tunnel Ewingsdale, near Byron Bay, Tweed Valley Pacific Highway Road 434 1,424 Opened 18 December 2015[22]
Stockrington Maitland Richmond Vale railway line 3 tunnels
Sydney Harbour Tunnel Between Woolloomooloo and North Sydney under Sydney Harbour Sydney Harbour Tunnel Road 2,800 9,200 [23]
Sydney Harbour railway electricity tunnel Between Birchgrove and Greenwich Below Sydney Harbour Power supply 540 1,760 Approximate distance[24][25]
Sydney Metro Northwest Between Bella Vista and Epping stations Metro North West Line Rail 15,500 50,900 Opened May 2019[26]
Sydney Metro City & Southwest Between Chatswood and Sydenham stations in Sydney Rail 15,500 50,900 Under construction[27]
Tank Stream tunnel Between Hyde Park and Circular Quay;
Sydney central business district		 Tank Stream Storm water 700 2,300 Estimate of remnants of 1860s tunnel[28]
Ten Tunnels Deviation Blue Mountains Main Western line Rail 2,822 9,259 Replaced the Lithgow Zig Zag; ten tunnels of ranging in length from 70 to 825 metres (230 to 2,707 ft)[29]
Tickhole Tunnel Between Cardiff and Kotara stations;
Newcastle		 Main North line Rail 370 1,210 Dual tunnels ranging in length from 165 to 205 metres (541 to 673 ft)[30][31][32][33]
Tugun Bypass Tunnel Tweed Heads Gold Coast Airport Road 334 1,096 [34]
Upper Nepean Scheme Campbelltown Water Two tunnels
Woy Woy Tunnel Between Wondabyne and Woy Woy stations Main North line Rail 1,690 5,544 Opened 15 August 1887; double track[35]
Wynyard Walk Sydney central business district Wynyard Pedestrian 180 590 [36]

Queensland

[edit]
See also: Railway Tunnels in Queensland
Name Image Locale Carries Type Length Notes
m ft
Airport Link Between Bowen Hills and Toombul;
Brisbane		 Airport Link Road 6,700 22,000 Australia's longest road tunnel (at the time)[37]
Boolboonda Tunnel Mount Perry
Boolboonda, Bundaberg Region		 Bundaberg to Mount Perry railway line Rail heritage 192 630 [38]
Border Tunnel Richmond Gap, connecting New South Wales and Queensland NSW North Coast line Rail 1,600 5,200 On the border between New South Wales and Queensland (see New South Wales section above)
Cherry Gully Tunnel Southern Downs Region Warwick - Stanthorpe Line Rail 272 892 Comprises two single-track tunnels[39]
Clem Jones Tunnel Between Woolloongabba and Bowen Hills, Brisbane Clem Jones Tunnel Road 4,800 15,700 Two parallel tubes under the Brisbane River[40]
Cross River Rail From Dutton Park rail to Boggo Road busway stations in Brisbane Rail 5,900 19,400 Two bored tunnels under construction with one complete in 2021 but not operational[41]
Dalveen Tunnel Dalveen, Southern Downs Region Warwick to Wallangarra railway line Rail 140 460 single line rail tunnel[42]
Dularcha Railway Tunnel Mooloolah, Sunshine Coast Region North Coast line Rail 100 330 Disused line[43]
Eastern Busway Dutton Park, Brisbane Annerley Road Road, busway 640 2,100 Built under Boggo Road Gaol[44]
George Bridges Tunnel Nundah, Brisbane Sandgate Road Road 285 935 [45]
Inner City Bypass tunnel Breakfast Creek, Brisbane Inner City Bypass Road 350 1,150 [46]
Lahey's Canungra Tramway Tunnel Canungra, Gold Coast Pedestrians only Rail heritage 91 299 c. 1900[47]
Legacy Way Toowong and Kelvin Grove, Brisbane Linking the Western Freeway with the Inner City Bypass Road 4,600 15,100 Two bored tunnels carrying two motorway grade lanes of traffic in each direction[48]
Leopard Street Tunnel Brisbane Stormwater c. 1890
Main Range tunnels Main Range Main Line Rail 886 2,907 A series of nine single-track or double-track tunnels that date from c. 1866
Many Peaks - Monto loop line Boyne Valley Gladstone to Monto railway line Rail heritage 730 2,400 Six tunnels on a disused railway line
Muntapa rail tunnel Cooyar, Toowoomba Region Cooyar railway line Rail heritage 280 920 [49]
Victoria Tunnel Grandchester Main Line Rail 537 1,762 [50]
Yimbun Railway Tunnel Harlin, Somerset Region Brisbane Valley railway line Rail 100 330 Completed in 1910; line closed in 1993[51]

South Australia

[edit]
Name Image Locale Carries Type Length Notes
m ft
Ambleside Tunnel Verdun Main South Line Rail 172 564 [52] Tunnel 9[53]
Barossa Reservoir supply tunnel Williamstown Between South Para River and South Para Reservoir Water 2,000 6,600
Clarendon Weir to Happy Valley Reservoir Tunnel south of Adelaide city centre Water 5,000 16,000 [54]
Dowds Hill Tunnel East of Peterborough Crystal Brook-Broken Hill railway line under Wilmington–Ucolta Road Rail 95 312 [55]
Echo Tunnel Belair National Park, Belair Footpath and creek under Main South Line Pedestrian
Eden Hills Tunnels Eden Hills Belair railway line Rail 156 512 Tunnel 3 constructed 1880s[56]
Main South Line 156 512 1920[57]
Former Coromandel Tunnel Blackwood Main South Line Rail Tunnel 4, converted to a cutting and bridge when track duplicated 1920[53]
Former Pinera Tunnel Belair Main South Line Rail Tunnel 5, converted to a cutting and bridge when track duplicated 1920[53]
Former Sleeps Hill Tunnels Panorama Previous alignment of Main South Line Rail 170 560 Tunnels 1 and 2, 1880s–1920[58][59]
360 1,180
Heysen Tunnels Mount Lofty Ranges South Eastern Freeway Road 500 1,600 [60]
Long Gully Tunnel Belair Main South Line Rail 304 997 [56] Tunnel 7[53]
Murray Bridge Tunnel Murray Bridge Main South Line Rail 80 260 [61]
National Park Tunnel Belair Main South Line Rail 193 633 [56] Tunnel 6[53]
O-Bahn Busway City access tunnel Adelaide Park Lands 670 2,200 Opened 2017[62]
Sleeps Hill Tunnel Panorama Main South Line Rail 738 2,421 [56] Replaced Tunnels 1 and 2 in 1920
Tod River Reservoir works Water
Torrens Gorge Tunnel Water
Upper Sturt Tunnel Upper Sturt Main South Line Rail 199 653 [52] Tunnel 8[53]

Tasmania

[edit]
Name Image Locale Carries Type Length Notes
m ft
Rhyndaston Tunnel South of Oatlands; Southern Tasmania Tasmanian Main Line (Hobart to Western Junction) Rail 955 3,133 Completed in 1876; widened in the 1970s[63]
Argent Tunnel Emu Bay Railway Rail

Victoria

[edit]
See also: Railway Tunnels in Victoria, Australia
Name Image Locale Carries Type Length Notes
m ft
Big Hill Tunnel Bendigo Deniliquin railway line Rail 390 1,280
Bunbury Street Tunnel Footscray, Melbourne Rail 420 1,380 Both Broad Gauge and Standard Gauge entering and leaving Melbourne
Burnley Tunnel Richmond, Melbourne CityLink / Monash Freeway Road 3,400 11,200
City Loop Tunnels La Trobe and Spring Streets, Melbourne Melbourne Underground Rail Loop Rail 12,000 39,000 Comprises:
Domain Tunnel Richmond, Melbourne CityLink / Monash Freeway Road 1,600 5,200
Elphinstone Tunnel Deniliquin railway line Rail 385 1,263 Built double track, singled later
Geelong Tunnel Geelong Port Fairy railway line Rail 422 1,385 Exit from Geelong to West coast railway line
Melba Tunnel Mitcham, Melbourne Eastern Freeway to EastLink Ringwood Road 1,600 5,200
Metro Tunnel South Yarra to

Kensington via Melbourne CBD

Cranbourne lineSunbury linePakenham line Rail 9,000 5,600 Once opened in 2025 the tunnel will cary the Pakenham, Cranbourne and Sunbury lines.[64]
Mullum Mullum Tunnel Mitcham, Melbourne Eastern Freeway to EastLink Ringwood Road 1,600 5,200
Rosanna Tunnel Rosanna, Melbourne Hurstbridge railway line Rail 65 213
West Richmond Tunnel Richmond, Melbourne Hurstbridge railway line Rail 115 377
Jolimont Tunnel East Melbourne, Melbourne Hurstbridge railway line Rail 149 489
Spotswood sewer tunnel Fishermans Bend and Spotswood;
Melbourne		 Under Yarra River connecting Hobsons Bay Main with
former Spotswood Sewerage Pumping Station		 Sewer 200 660 Continues in use as part of Melbourne's Sewerage system
West Gate Tunnel Spotswood and Fishermans Bend;
Melbourne		 West Gate Bridge Road 3,000 9,800 Proposed as part of the Western Distributor, construction commenced in 2018[65]

Western Australia

[edit]
Name Image Locale Address/Facility Type Length Notes
m ft
Airport line tunnel Bayswater, Redcliffe, Perth Airport, High Wycombe Perth Rail 8,000 26,000 Twin bored tunnels, part of the Airport line[66]
Canning Tunnel Canning Dam to Perth Darling Scarp Water supply 5,600 18,400 [67]
Northbridge Tunnel Northbridge Perth Road 1,600 5,200
Swan View Tunnel Swan View Perth; John Forrest National Park Rail 262 860 Closed and now converted to a rail trail[68]
William Street Tunnel Perth railway station to Elizabeth Quay railway station Perth Rail 700 2,300 Twin bored tunnels that were built as part of the New MetroRail City Project,[69] used by Yanchep and Mandurah line services
Wungong Tunnel Wungong Dam to Perth Darling Scarp Water supply 3,700 12,100

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Ardglen Railway Tunnel". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
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[edit]
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