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March 1937

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March 18, 1937: Natural gas explosion at Texas school kills 295 people (Universal Newsreel)
Amelia Earhart standing next to her aircraft
March 20, 1937: Amelia Earhart escapes injury in Honolulu plane crash

The following events occurred in March 1937:

March 1, 1937 (Monday)

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March 2, 1937 (Tuesday)

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March 3, 1937 (Wednesday)

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  • The Holmes Foundry Riot occurred in Sarnia, Ontario, in Canada. Workers engaging in a sitdown strike were attacked by non-striking employees who wanted to go back to work. Fifty people were injured, including 9 who were hospitalized.[16][17]
  • Lieutenant-Colonel Germán Busch, Chief of the General Staff of Bolivia, announced his resignation to President David Toro as a test of Busch's support within the military.[18] Toro refused the resignation and would be forced out of office on July 13, with Busch becoming the new president.
  • New York City's Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia made a speech to a Jewish women's group proposing that the 1939 World's Fair include a "Hall of Horrors" with a figure of "that brown-shirted fanatic who is now menacing the peace of the world."[19][20] The next day, the German newspaper Der Angriff dedicated its entire front page to attacking Mayor La Guardia, calling him a "scoundrel" and an "impudent Jew" who governed New York with "the terror of the revolvers and clubs of his gangster friends." The German government directed its Ambassador to Washington Hans Luther to make a formal protest against La Guardia's remarks.[19]
  • Born:

March 4, 1937 (Thursday)

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March 5, 1937 (Friday)

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March 6, 1937 (Saturday)

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March 7, 1937 (Sunday)

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March 8, 1937 (Monday)

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March 9, 1937 (Tuesday)

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  • Germany's Interior Minister Heinrich Himmler ordered the arrest of "professional criminals" who had committed two or more crimes but were now free after serving their sentences. Over the next few days some 2,000 people were arrested without charges and sent to concentration camps.[42]
  • U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave a fireside chat on his judicial reform bill, asking listeners the rhetorical question, "Can it be said that full justice is achieved when a court is forced by the sheer necessity of its business to decline, without even an explanation, to hear 87% of the cases presented by private litigants?", prompting a response and denial by U.S. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, but also leading to a perceived shift by the Court in favor of Roosevelt's New Deal policies.
  • The Soviet Union began its first experimental television broadcsts, using broadcast and receiving equipment manufactured by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) for the 343-line television system that was the standard in the U.S. at the time.[43] The U.S. would move to the 525 lines system for analog television by 1941.[44]
  • Born:
  • Died: Paul Elmer More, 72, American journalist, essayist and Christian apologist

March 10, 1937 (Wednesday)

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March 11, 1937 (Thursday)

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Funeral of Howie Morenz
The Saudi flag
  • Saudi Arabia's King Ibn Saud issued a decree officially adopting the flag currently used by the Middle Eastern nation, a green banner with the Islamic creed, "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God.".[55]
  • Died:

March 12, 1937 (Friday)

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  • Aimo Cajander became Prime Minister of Finland for the third time as he formed a new government of ministers and was appointed by President Kyosti Kallio. Cajander included five Socialists, who had been absent from a cabinet for 10 years, and an equal number of Agrarian Party members, as well as others from his own Liberal Party.[58]
  • Ernst Udet, a German World War One fighter ace, became the first person to land an airplane on top of a flying dirigible. Udet touched down on top the airship LZ 129 Hindenburg,[59] which would be destroyed less than two months later, on May 6, in a fiery explosion.
  • While in Libya, a colony of Italy at the time, Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini opened a new highway for the North African area, built at a cost of more than five million U.S. dollars.[60]
  • Dr. Francis E. Townsend, the U.S. activist who had campaigned for a government pension for elderly people, was sentenced by federal judge Peyton Gordon to 30 days in jail and a $100 fine for contempt of the U.S. House of Representatives.[61]
  • The U.S. Ambassador to Germany, William Dodd, protested to German Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath about recent attacks on the United States in the German press. Von Neurath said he regretted the violent tone of the articles but did not give a formal reply.[62]
  • The critically acclaimed Indian Tamil language film Chintamani, directed by Y. V. Rao and starring M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, premiered.[63]
  • Died: Charles-Marie Widor, 93, French organist, composer and teacher

March 13, 1937 (Saturday)

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March 14, 1937 (Sunday)

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March 15, 1937 (Monday)

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March 16, 1937 (Tuesday)

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March 17, 1937 (Wednesday)

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  • In the Soviet Union, Vasily Sharangovich was appointed as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, becoming the de facto leader of what is now Belarus.[82] He initiated a purge of Byelorussian SSR officials, including the head of government, Nikolai Goloded, and the chairman of the presidium, Alexander Cheryakov, as part of a stated campaign "destroy to the end the remnants of the Japanese-German and Polish spies and saboteurs, the remnants of the Trotskyist-Bukharin gang." Sharangovich's reign of terror lasted only five months before he was he was himself arrested on charges of espionage. He would be executed on March 15, 1938.[83]
  • Hans von Tschammer und Osten, Nazi Germany's Reichssportführer, called upon all German athletes to join the Hitler Youth.
  • The former French ambassador to Italy, Charles de Chambrun, was shot in the thigh by a woman who blamed him for breaking up her friendship with Mussolini.[84]
  • Born:

March 18, 1937 (Thursday)

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  • At 3:10 p.m., before the New London Consolidated School was scheduled to be dismissed, a natural gas explosion killed at least 295 people in New London, Texas, although initial reports set the death toll at more than 400.[87][88] The explosion remains the worst school disaster in American history.[89] The disaster was later traced to the moment when a teacher, unaware of the accumulation of natural gas beneath the first floor of the school, the walls, of turning on an electric sanding machine during a manual arts class.[90]
Mussolini, protector of the Muslim faith
  • Arabs in Tripoli, Libya, presented Benito Mussolini with the "Sword of Islam" to symbolize his leadership and present him as a protector of the Muslim faith. A famous propaganda photo depicted Mussolini on horseback raising this sword above his head.[91][92][93]
  • The army of the Second Spanish Republic took Brihuega and defeated Francisco Franco's Nationalists in a violent clash within the battle of Guadalajara.[67]
  • Soviet Russian novelist Ivan Kataev was arrested as part of the Great Purge initiated by Joseph Stalin on charges of "participating in an anti-Soviet counter-revolutionary terrorist organization." He was executed five months later.[94]
  • The Phoenix Islands, a group of eight atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, were transferred by the British Secretary of State for the Colonies to the jurisdiction of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (now the separate republics of Kiribati and Tuvalu). Of the Phoenix group, only Canton Island is inhabited, and is more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) away from Kiribati.
  • Born: Elizabeth Rauscher, American physicist and parapsychologist; in Berkeley, California (d. 2019)
  • Died: Lucy Fitch Perkins, 71, American children's book writer and illustrator known for the "Twins series" of popular children's books between 1911 and 1934[95][96]

March 19, 1937 (Friday)

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March 20, 1937 (Saturday)

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The Electra, hours before takeoff

March 21, 1937 (Sunday)

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March 22, 1937 (Monday)

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March 23, 1937 (Tuesday)

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  • The Spanish Republic won the Battle of Guadalajara over the Nationalists, temporarily preventing General Francisco Franco and allies from Italy from encircling Madrid.
  • Born: Craig Breedlove, American race car driver known for his record-setting land speed records, as the first person in history to reach 500 miles per hour (800 km/h) (10/13/1964) and the first to reach 600 miles per hour (970 km/h) (11/15/1965); in Los Angeles (d. 2023)
  • Died:

March 24, 1937 (Wednesday)

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March 25, 1937 (Thursday)

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March 26, 1937 (Friday)

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March 27, 1937 (Saturday)

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March 28, 1937 (Sunday)

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Anderson voicing Rochester on the radio

March 29, 1937 (Monday)

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March 30, 1937 (Tuesday)

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March 31, 1937 (Wednesday)

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References

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