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Muellerina eucalyptoides

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Muellerina eucalyptoides
Muellerina eucalyptoides on Eucalyptus haemastoma, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, 27 January 2017
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Santalales
Family: Loranthaceae
Genus: Muellerina
Species:
M. eucalyptoides
Binomial name
Muellerina eucalyptoides
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms
  • Loranthus eucalyptoides DC.
  • Phrygilanthus eucalyptifolius Sieber ex Engl.

Muellerina eucalyptoides, commonly known as creeping mistletoe,[2] is a hemiparasitic aerial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to Australia.[3]

Taxonomy

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Muellerina is a member of Santalales, the mistletoe order, placed within the family Loranthaceae. The name Muellerina was first published by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem in 1895,[4] where one New Zealand species, Muellerina raoullii, and two Australian species (Muellerina celastroides and M. eucalyptifolia - now M. eucalyptoides) are given.[5] Further Australian Muellerina species are listed in van Tieghem.[6] Another article by van Tieghem further discussing the relationships of Loranthaceae genera is van Tieghem.[7] Muellerina eucalyptoides was first described as Loranthus eucalyptoides by de Candolle in 1830,[8] and revised in 1962 to Muellerina eucalyptoides by Barlow[9]

Description

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M. eucalyptoides is pendulous in habit, unlike other Muellerina species, but has the long epicortical runners of all Muellerina species.

The leaves are opposite with indistinct venation. Mainly flowering in summer, the inflorescence is terminal, racemose with usually 3–4 opposite pairs of triads of flowers, with the central flower sessile, and the lateral flowers having pedicels. Corolla curved in bud, free, 5-merous. Stamens are unequal, with anthers dorsifixed and versatile. The fruit is pear-shaped.[3]

Propagation in Melbourne street trees

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Muellerina eucalyptoides growing on a London plane tree

In 2017, as part of an experimental effort to increase biodiversity in Melbourne street trees, over 800 seeds of M. eucalyptoides were attached to London plane (Platanus × hispanica) trees in the Melbourne urban area.[10] Researchers have stated that:[11]

Many birds prefer to nest in mistletoe because it provides dense shade and cover - which is important in a setting like Melbourne where many of the large urban trees are deciduous.

M. eucalyptoides was chosen for the experiment because it grows on non-native host species, whereas many other Australian mistletoes are host-specific.[11]

A follow-up survey found 24 live seedlings - a success rate of around 3% that is considered good for propagation of mistletoe.[12]

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Ecology

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Muellerina eucalyptoides hosts the butterflies: imperial Jezebel (Delias harpalyce), common Jezebel (Delias nigrina), dark purple azure (Ogyris abrota), Genoveva azure (Ogyris genoveva), golden or Sydney azure (Ogyris ianthis), mistletoe emperor moth (Opodiphthera loranthi) and the mistletoe moth (Comocrus behri).[13]

An inventory of host plants for Muellerina eucalyptoides spp. is given by Downey[14] .[15]

Anacardiaceae Schinus areira *
Apocynaceae Nerium oleander *
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis, Allocasuarina torulosa, Allocasuarina verticillata, Casuarina glauca
Celastraceae Euonymus japonicus *
Cupressaceae Callitris endlicheri
Fabaceae Chamaecytisus palmensis *
Fagaceae Quercus humilis *, Quercus robur *
Loranthaceae Lysiana exocarpi, Muellerina celastroides, Muellerina eucalyptoides
Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandiflora*
Meliaceae Melia azedarach
Mimosaceae Acacia adunca, Acacia baileyana, Acacia binervata, Acacia decurrens, Acacia ferominens, Acacia floribunda, Acacia fulva, Acacia implexa, Acacia linifolia, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia paradoxa, Acacia prominens
Myrtaceae Angophora bakeri, Angophora costata, Angophora floribunda, Angophora hispida, Angophora subvelutina, Callistemon lanceolatus, Callistemon viminalis, Corymbia calophylla, Corymbia ficifolia, Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus acmenoides, Eucalyptus agglomerata, Eucalyptus amplifolia, Eucalyptus andrewsii, Eucalyptus bancroftii, Eucalyptus baueriana, Eucalyptus baxteri, Eucalyptus blakelyi, Eucalyptus bridgesiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus cypellocarpa, Eucalyptus dalrympleana, Eucalyptus dealbata, Eucalyptus dwyeri, Eucalyptus eugenioides, Eucalyptus eximia, Eucalyptus globoidea, Eucalyptus goniocalyx, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus gummifera, Eucalyptus haemastoma, Eucalyptus intermedia, Eucalyptus laevopinea, Eucalyptus longifolia, Eucalyptus mannifera, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus melliodora, Eucalyptus moluccana, Eucalyptus muelleriana, Eucalyptus notabilis, Eucalyptus obliqua, Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus parramattensis, Eucalyptus parvula, Eucalyptus pauciflora, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus piperita, Eucalyptus polyanthemos, Eucalyptus prava, Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus racemosa, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus resinifera, Eucalyptus rossii, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus scoparia, Eucalyptus siderophloia, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Eucalyptus sieberi, Eucalyptus sparsifolia, Eucalyptus squamosa, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus umbra, Eucalyptus viminalis, Eucalyptus wardii, Eucalyptus willisii, Kunzea ambigua, Kunzea ericoides, Leptospermum trinervium, Leptospermum laevigatum, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Melaleuca ericifolia, Melaleuca linariifolia, Melaleuca styphelioides
Platanaceae Platanus orientalis *
Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna *, Crataegus oxyacantha *, Photinia serrulata *, Prunus armeniaca *, Prunus avium *, Prunus domestica *, Prunus persica *, Pyrus communis *
Santalaceae Exocarpos cupressiformis
Sterculiaceae Brachychiton populneus
Ulmaceae Ulmus procera *

References

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  1. ^ "Muellerina eucalyptoides (DC.) Barlow". APNI. Retrieved 2 January 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ Watson, D. M. (2011). Mistletoes of Southern Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing.
  3. ^ a b Quirico, A. L. "Muellerina eucalyptoides". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  4. ^ Tieghem, P.E.L. van (1895) Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 42: 25, 85, 175
  5. ^ van Tieghem, P. E. L. (1895). "Sur Les Loranthoidées De La Nouvelle-Zélande." Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 42(1): 23-30
  6. ^ van Tieghem, P. E. L. (1895). "Sur Les Loranthoidées D' Australie." Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 42(2): 82-88
  7. ^ van Tieghem, P. E. L. (1895). "Sur Le Groupement Des Espèces En Genres Dans Les Loranthées A Calice Dialysépale Et Anthères Oscillantes Ou Struthanthées." Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 42(2): 161-180
  8. ^ de Candolle, A.P.(1830), Loranthaceae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 4: 318 [1][permanent dead link‍]
  9. ^ Barlow, B.A. (1962), Studies in Australian Loranthaceae. I. Nomenclature and new additions. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 87(1): 55 [2][permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ Backhouse, Megan (2017-07-25). "Mistletoe, friend or foe? Melbourne Council arborists embrace a former pest". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  11. ^ a b "These parasitic plants are starting to cover Melbourne and it's a good thing". ABC Everyday. 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  12. ^ "Mistletoe survey". Participate Melbourne. City of Melbourne. 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  13. ^ Moss, J.T. & Kendall, R. (2016) The Mistletoes of Subtropical Queensland, New South Wales .and Victoria. Butterfly & Other Invertebrates Club Inc, Runcorn, QLD
  14. ^ Downey, P.O. (1998) An inventory of host species for each aerial mistletoe species (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia. (Cunninghamia 5(3) 685-720)
  15. ^ Downey, P.O. (2004) A regional examination of the mistletoe host species inventory. (Cunninghamia 8(3) 354-361)
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