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Najafgarh

Coordinates: 28°36′45″N 76°59′5″E / 28.61250°N 76.98472°E / 28.61250; 76.98472
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Najafgarh
Aerial view of western Najafgarh in 2016
Aerial view of western Najafgarh in 2016
Najafgarh is located in Delhi
Najafgarh
Najafgarh
Location in India
Coordinates: 28°36′45″N 76°59′5″E / 28.61250°N 76.98472°E / 28.61250; 76.98472
Country India
StateDelhi
DistrictSouth West Delhi
Government
 • BodyMunicipal Corporation of Delhi
Population
 (2011)
 • Total1,365,152[1]
Languages
 • Official
 • Additional official
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Lok Sabha constituencyWest Delhi
Vidhan Sabha constituencyNajafgarh
Civic agencyMCD

Najafgarh is a town in the South West Delhi district of National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. It is one of the three subdivisions of the Southwest Delhi district.[3] Najafgarh is located on outskirts of NCT Delhi in south western part of Delhi sharing its territory limits with Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh, in Haryana.

History

[edit]
Mirza Najaf Khan, after whom Najafgarh is named
The Battle of Najafgarh

Before the foundation of modern Najafgarh, the site was occupied by the town of Mas'ūdābād.[4]: 10  Mas'ūdābād was listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana in sarkar Delhi. It was assessed at 2,809,156 dams in revenue and supplied a force of 30 cavalry and 30 infantry. It was described as having an old brick fort and a prominent Jat population.[5]: 288 

Najafgarh was named after Mirza Najaf Khan[6][7] (1723–1782) the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army under the Emperor Shah Alam II.[8][9] He marched several kilometres from the capital of Shahjahanabad to establish a military outpost, which would guard Delhi against attacks by British, Rohillas and Sikhs. He built a strong fort,[10] in the suburbs beyond the capital city, and settled a small number of the Mughal here. That fort was later named Najafgarh.[11] After the death of Najaf Khan, Najafgarh later became a fortified stronghold of the Rohilla Afghan chieftain Zabita Khan.[12]

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and as a part of the Siege of Delhi,[13] the Battle of Najafgarh took place on 25 August 1857[14] between Indian rebels and East India Company soldiers.[15] Approximately 800 people were killed.[16] After the defeat of the Mughal troops in 1857, Delhi came under the control of the British Empire in 1858. Najafgarh became a part of Delhi district[17] of the Delhi Division of Punjab Province. Delhi was transferred from the North-Western Provinces (later the United Provinces) to Punjab by the British Government in 1859.[18]

In 1861, the North-Western Provinces education system was abolished in Delhi,[19]: 18  and a new system for schools modelled on the Punjab education system was introduced by W.M. Holroyd, the Inspector of Schools for the Ambala Division.[19]: 47  New schools were opened at Narela, Najafgarh, Mehrauli and their suburbs. Several schools were opened in the following decades. The Delhi Normal School was shifted to Najafgarh from Kashmere Gate in 1911.[19]: 71 [20] The Delhi Normal School, with a small attached Model School,[21] trained its teachers in closer accordance with European methods than any other Normal School in Northern India.[22]

In 1947, Najafgarh became a part of independent India and fell under the union territory of Delhi. Najafgarh Assembly Constituency was established in 1993 when the Delhi legislative assembly was re-established after the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment Act, 1991) came into force. This declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi.[23] Najafgarh is now one of the most populous electoral regions in the National Capital Region of India (NCR). Najafgarh is surrounded by 70 villages bordering Haryana. The borders are 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the main Najafgarh Market.

Geography

[edit]
Aerial View of Najafgarh Drain

Najafgarh is located at 28°36′N 76°59′E / 28.60°N 76.98°E / 28.60; 76.98[24] in the South West Delhi district in the NCT of Delhi. Najafgarh is situated 29 kilometres (18 mi) Southwest of the New Delhi City Centre and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest to the district headquarters at Dwarka. It has an average elevation of 218 m (715 ft) above mean Sea Level.[25] Najafgarh Drain, the continuation of the Sahibi River and an elongation of the Najafgarh Lake is the Indian capital's most polluted body of water[26] due to the direct inflow of untreated sewage from surrounding populated areas. A January 2005 report by the Central Pollution Control Board classifies this drain, with 13 other highly polluted wetlands, under category ‘‘D’’ for assessing the water quality of wetlands in wildlife habitats.[27][28]

Demographics

[edit]

As of 2011 India census, the population of Najafgarh is 1,365,152.[1] Female sex Ratio is of 872 against Delhi's average of 868. Moreover, the Child Sex Ratio in Najafgarh is around 832 compared to Delhi's average of 871.[1] The literacy rate is 88.1%.[1] Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 12.60% of total population in Najafgarh.

Government and politics

[edit]

Delhi Legislative Assembly

[edit]
Main article: Najafgarh Assembly constituency

The Najafgarh constituency of the Delhi Legislative Assembly was created in 2008 based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.[29]

Kailash Gahlot of the Aam Aadmi Party has been its representative since 2015, defeating Bharat Singh of the Indian National Lok Dal. The Najafgarh assembly constituency is part of the West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency).

Transport

[edit]

Indira Gandhi International Airport is the nearest international airport to Najafgarh.

The Najafgarh is well connected to Delhi Metro (Life line of Delhi), its metro station is located on the Grey Line of the Delhi Metro. It was opened for public on 4 October 2019.

As part of Phase III of Delhi Metro, Najafgarh is metro station of the Grey Line. As of July 2019, the construction work of the metro station was completed. Station was opened for public on 4 October 2019.[1] Najafgarh metro station is 288 meters long and is situated at a depth of 21 meters from the road level. The station is unique as it is only metro depot station to operate both Broad gauge and Standard gauge trains.

Delhi Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II) is pass through Najafgarh near Sai baba mandir as UER-II provides big relief to Najafgarh traffic as commercial as well as private vehicles earlier use Najafgarh as a bypass for NH-8, NH-10 which creates chaos in massive traffic jam. But Now, Najafgarh is traffic free zone.

Najafgarh is connected by roads with major destinations all over Delhi and Haryana. The DTC (Delhi Transport Corporation) and DIMTS (Delhi Multi-Model Transit System) provide bus services from Najafgarh Bus Terminal to the other parts of Delhi. In October 2019, a new metro line called the Grey Line was linked from Dwarka to Najafgarh, taking the rapid transit system to the area for the first time. The line was further extended to Dhansa Bus Stand in September 2021, thereby linking the interior rural areas of Najafgarh.

Landmarks

[edit]

Notable People

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Census of India 2011 Primary Census Abstract" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Official Language Act 2000" (PDF). Government of Delhi. 2 July 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  3. ^ "South West District". Delhi.gov.in. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  4. ^ Habib, Irfan (1982). An Atlas of the Mughal Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195603796. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  5. ^ Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Translated by Jarrett, Henry Sullivan. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  6. ^ Chenoy, Shama Mitra (1998). Shahjahanabad: A City of Delhi, 1638–1857. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 109. ISBN 9788121508025.
  7. ^ "Welcome to Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi". Delhigovt.nic.in. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  8. ^ Qanung, K R; Singh, Vir. History of the Jats (Upto The Death Of Mirza Najaf Khan, 1782).
  9. ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (1944). A History of the Sikhs, from Nadir Shah's Invasion to the Rise of Ranjit Singh, 1739–1799: Cis-Sutlej Sikhs, 1769–1799. Punjab: Minerva Book Shop. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  10. ^ Burton-Page, John (2008). Indian Islamic Architecture: Forms and Typologies, Sites and Monuments. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004163393.
  11. ^ Spear, Thomas George Percival; Gupta, Narayani; Sykes, Laura (1994). Delhi, its monuments and history. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195634600.
  12. ^ Strategy Framework for Delhi beyond the Commonwealth Games 2010, Danny Cherian, 2004 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Edwardes, Michael (1963). Battles of the Indian Mutiny. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-02524-4.
  14. ^ Haigh, R. H.; Turner, Philip Wilson. John Nicholson, the Battle of Najafgarh and the Siege of Delhi. Sheffield City Polytechnic, Department of Political Studies.
  15. ^ Dalrymple, William (2006). The last Mughal : the fall of a dynasty, Delhi, 1857. New Delhi: Penguin, Viking. ISBN 0-670-99925-3.
  16. ^ Indian Mutiny 1857 – 58 – Vol. I. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9788120619937.
  17. ^ ""Chapter 1: Introduction": Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006" (PDF). Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  18. ^ Gupta, Narayani (1981). Delhi Between Two Empires, 1803–1931. Oxford University Press.
  19. ^ a b c Sharma, Ajay Kumar (2011). A History of Educational Institutions in Delhi. New Delhi: Sanbun Publishers. ISBN 9789380213149.
  20. ^ The Platinum Heritage- 1920–1955. New Delhi: Modern School Booklet. 1955.
  21. ^ 'Final Memorandum by major W.R.M. Holroyd Regarding the Central Training College,' incld. in, Leitner to offg. sec. to the Government of the Punjab, 1 June 1878, no. 354, OIOC P/1148
  22. ^ Allender, Tim (2006). Ruling Through Education: The Politics of Schooling in the Colonial Punjab. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 239, 240. ISBN 9781932705706.
  23. ^ "THE CONSTITUTION (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991". Archived from the original on 21 August 2016.
  24. ^ "Najafgarh, New Delhi, Delhi, India Map Lat Long Coordinates". Latlong.net. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  25. ^ "Elevation of Najafgarh, New Delhi, Delhi, 110043 with altitude and height". Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  26. ^ "Najafgarh basin is Delhi's most polluted area". Indianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  27. ^ "City News, Indian City Headlines, Latest City News, Metro City News". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  28. ^ "Najafgarh drain 11th among highly polluted industrial clusters". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  29. ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. p. 549.
  30. ^ Puri, Yogesh (1993). Party Politics in the Nehru Era: A Study of Congress in Delhi. National Book Organisation. p. 147. ISBN 9788185135724.
  31. ^ Garg, Chitra (2010). Indian Champions: Profiles of Famous Indian Sportspersons. Rajpal & Sons. p. 191. ISBN 9788170288527. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  32. ^ Sen, Ronojoy (27 October 2015). Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India. Columbia University Press. p. 276. ISBN 9780231539937.
  33. ^ Dwivedi, Sandeep (11 January 2014). "The unlikely makeover of Virender Sehwag". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  34. ^ "Man from Baprola achieved what 'Pocket Dynamo' did 56 years ago – The Times of India". The Times Of India. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  35. ^ "Sushil's journey: From mud pits to Olympic podiums". The Hindu. 12 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
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